The kINPen® plasma jet was developed from laboratory prototype to commercially available non-equilibrium cold plasma jet for various applications in materials research, surface treatment and ...medicine. It has proven to be a valuable plasma source for industry as well as research and commercial use in plasma medicine, leading to very successful therapeutic results and its certification as a medical device. This topical review presents the different kINPen plasma sources available. Diagnostic techniques applied to the kINPen are introduced. The review summarizes the extensive studies of the physics and plasma chemistry of the kINPen performed by research groups across the world, and closes with a brief overview of the main application fields.
The future for plasma science and technology Weltmann, Klaus‐Dieter; Kolb, Juergen F.; Holub, Marcin ...
Plasma processes and polymers,
January 2019, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The application of gas discharge plasmas has assumed an important place in many manufacturing processes. Plasma methods contribute significantly to the economic prosperity of industrialized ...societies. However, plasma is mainly an enabling method and therefore its role remains often hidden. Hence the success of plasma technologies is described for different examples and commercial areas. From these examples and emerging applications, the potential of plasma technologies is discussed. Economic trends are anticipated together with research needs. The community of plasma scientists strongly believes that more exciting advances will continue to foster innovations and discoveries in the first decades of the 21st century, if research and education will be properly funded and sustained by public bodies and industrial investors.
Plasma treatments and processes contribute in many areas to technological advances. Plasma methods are crucial for manufacturing processes in the aerospace and automotive industry, the treatment of optics, glass, plastics and textiles, and for the generation and distribution of electrical energy. In general, many of the latest developments and trends are based at least in part on the successful implementation of a plasma process. Plasma treatments have demonstrated unique benefits and potential for environmental remediation and protection technologies, for medical therapies, and towards agriculture. The range of applications is steadily growing, based on dedicated research and development by a committed research community. However, continuing progress requires the ongoing support and interest of the societies that benefit from the accomplishments.
Plasma medicine comprises the application of physical plasma directly on or in the human body for therapeutic purposes. Three most important basic plasma effects are relevant for medical ...applications: i) inactivation of a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant pathogens, ii) stimulation of cell proliferation and angiogenesis with lower plasma treatment intensity, and iii) inactivation of cells by initialization of cell death with higher plasma treatment intensity, above all in cancer cells. Based on own published results as well as on monitoring of relevant literature the aim of this topical review is to summarize the state of the art in plasma medicine and connect it to redox biology. One of the most important results of basic research in plasma medicine is the insight that biological plasma effects are mainly mediated via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species influencing cellular redox-regulated processes. Plasma medicine can be considered a field of applied redox biology.
Several studies have revealed that various diseases such as cancer have been associated with elevated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. Therefore, the regulation of PLA2 catalytic activity is ...undoubtedly vital. In this study, effective inactivation of PLA2 due to reactive species produced from cold physical plasma as a source to model oxidative stress is reported. We found singlet oxygen to be the most relevant active agent in PLA2 inhibition. A more detailed analysis of the plasma‐treated PLA2 identified tryptophan 128 as a hot spot, rich in double oxidation. The significant dioxidation of this interfacial tryptophan resulted in an N‐formylkynurenine product via the oxidative opening of the tryptophan indole ring. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the efficient interactions between the tryptophan residue and phospholipids are eliminated following tryptophan dioxidation. As interfacial tryptophan residues are predominantly involved in the attaching of membrane enzymes to the bilayers, tryptophan dioxidation and indole ring opening leads to the loss of essential interactions for enzyme binding and, consequently, enzyme inactivation.
We showed that singlet oxygen produced from cold physical plasma efficiently inactivated the PLA2 enzyme. Experimental and computational analysis proved that the dioxidation of interfacial tryptophan residue to N‐formylkynurenine led to the decay of appropriate interactions between the enzyme and phospholipid, which prevented the enzyme attachment to the membrane consequently inhibited the enzyme efficiently.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species deposited by cold physical plasma are proposed as predominant effectors in the interaction between discharge and biomedical application. Most reactive species ...found in plasma sources are known in biology for inter- and intracellular communication (redox signaling) and mammalian cells are equipped to interpret the plasma derived redox signal. As such, considerable effort has been put into the investigation of potential clinical applications and the underlying mechanism, with a special emphasis on conditions orchestrated significantly via redox signaling. Among these, immune system control in wound healing and cancer control stands out with promising
and
effects. From the fundamental point of view, further insight in the interaction of the plasma-derived species with biological systems is desired to (a) optimize treatment conditions, (b) identify new fields of application, (c) to improve plasma source design, and (d) to identify the trajectories of reactive species. Knowledge on the biochemical reactivity of non-thermal plasmas is compiled and discussed. While there is considerable knowledge on proteins, lipids and carbohydrates have not received the attention deserved. Nucleic acids have been profoundly investigated yet focusing on molecule functionality rather than chemistry. The data collected underline the efforts taken to understand the fundamentals of plasma medicine but also indicate ‘no man’s lands’ waiting to be discovered.
Physical plasmas generate unique mixes of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS or ROS). Only a bit more than a decade ago, these plasmas, operating at body temperature, started to be considered ...for medical therapy with considerably little mechanistic redox chemistry or biomedical research existing on that topic at that time. Today, a vast body of evidence is available on physical plasma-derived ROS, from their spatiotemporal resolution in the plasma gas phase to sophisticated chemical and biochemical analysis of these species once dissolved in liquids. Data from in silico analysis dissected potential reaction pathways of plasma-derived reactive species with biological membranes, and in vitro and in vivo experiments in cell and animal disease models identified molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits of physical plasmas. In 2013, the first medical plasma systems entered the European market as class IIa devices and have proven to be a valuable resource in dermatology, especially for supporting the healing of chronic wounds. The first results in cancer patients treated with plasma are promising, too. Due to the many potentials of this blooming new field ahead, there is a need to highlight the main concepts distilled from plasma research in chemistry and biology that serve as a mechanistic link between plasma physics (how and which plasma-derived ROS are produced) and therapy (what is the medical benefit). This inevitably puts cellular membranes in focus, as these are the natural interphase between ROS produced by plasmas and translation of their chemical reactivity into distinct biological responses.
Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes comprise COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms and are responsible for prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins have critical roles in the inflammation pathway and must be controlled ...by administration of selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been among the most used NSAIDs during the ongoing coronavirus 2019 pandemic because they reduce pain and protect against inflammation-related diseases. In this framework, the mechanism of action of both COX isoforms (particularly COX-2) as inflammation mediators must be reviewed. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 must be highlighted due to their major participation in upregulation of the inflammatory reaction. Structural and functional analyses of selective COX-2 inhibitors within the active-site cavity of COXs could enable introduction of lead structures with higher selectivity and potency against inflammation with fewer adverse effects. This review focuses on the biological activity of recently discovered synthetic COX-2, dual COX-2/lipoxygenase, and COX-2/soluble epoxide hydrolase hybrid inhibitors based primarily on the active motifs of related US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. These new agents could provide several advantages with regard to anti-inflammatory activity, gastrointestinal protection, and a safer profile compared with those of the NSAIDs celecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib.
Overview of the structure and function of recent synthetic COX-2 inhibitors and the mechanism of action inside the active-site cavity.
Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma, also named cold plasma, is defined as a partly ionized gas. Therefore, it cannot be equated with plasma from blood; it is not biological in nature. ...Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma is a new innovative approach in medicine not only for the treatment of wounds, but with a wide-range of other applications, as e.g. topical treatment of other skin diseases with microbial involvement or treatment of cancer diseases. This review emphasizes plasma effects on wound healing. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma can support wound healing by its antiseptic effects, by stimulation of proliferation and migration of wound relating skin cells, by activation or inhibition of integrin receptors on the cell surface or by its pro-angiogenic effect. We summarize the effects of plasma on eukaryotic cells, especially on keratinocytes in terms of viability, proliferation, DNA, adhesion molecules and angiogenesis together with the role of reactive oxygen species and other components of plasma. The outcome of first clinical trials regarding wound healing is pointed out.
Abstract The development of cold atmospheric pressure plasma sources was the starting point for the innovative field of plasma medicine many years ago. Today, a large body of information is available ...on the biomedical and clinical applications of plasma. Among the latter, wound healing is of special interest as there have been promising studies demonstrating a benefit of plasma in the treatment of chronic wounds. Wound healing is tightly regulated by redox mechanisms. This creates an exciting opportunity as we and others have identified reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to be the central components mediating biological effects of cold plasma. A directed delivery of the plasma-generated species to cells and tissues may therefore commence new therapeutic options not only in the healing of pathological wounds but also related to other redox-based diseases. The literature covers numerous findings on the biological effects of cold physical plasma sources. However, plasma sources strongly differ from each other making it challenging to summarize or even compare results from different types of sources from a physical and biological point of view. The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide a unique compendium of studies assessing the pre-clinical and clinical relevance as well as potential health risks related to the exposure to the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen. This well-investigated and promising plasma source demonstrates a strong potential to be of clinical significance in the near future. Also, the collection of studies investigating its biological effects may serve as a role model for similar plasma sources and applications in the field of plasma medicine.
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