Since high myopia in the younger generation may differ etiologically from high myopia in older generations, we examined whether education-related parameters differ between high myopia in today´s ...school children and high pathological myopia in today´s elderly generation.
The investigation included the adult populations of the population-based Beijing Eye Study (BES) (3468 adults;mean age:64.6±9.8years;range:50-93years) and Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS) (4711 adults;age:49.±13.2years;range:30-100years), and the children and teenager populations of the Shandong Children Eye Study (SCES) (6026 children;age:9.7±3.3years;range:4-18years;cycloplegic refractometry), Gobi Desert Children Eye Study (1565;age:11.9±3.5years;range:6-21 years;cycloplegic refractometry), Beijing Pediatric Eye Study (681 children;age:7.7±1.6years;range:5-13 years;non-cycloplegic refractometry,calculation of axial length to corneal curvature radius ratio), Beijing Children Eye Study (15066 children;age:13.2±3.4years;range:7-18years;non-cycloplegic refractometry), Beijing High School Teenager Eye Study (4677 children;age:16.9±0.7years;range:16-18years;non-cycloplegic refractometry).
In the BES and CIEMS, educational level did not differ significantly between, or was significantly lower in the highly myopic group (myopic refractive error ≥6 diopters) than in the non-highly myopic group. In all non-adult study populations, higher prevalence of high myopia was significantly associated with higher degree of education related parameters such as attendance of high-level schools, and more time spent for indoors near work versus time spent outdoors.
Comparing associations of old or genetic high myopia in adults with new or acquired high myopia in school children revealed that education-related parameters did not show a clear association with old or genetic high myopia, while in contrast, new high myopia showed strong associations with education. It confirms previous studies that the two forms of high myopia not only differed in age of onset, but also in associations with education as well. The data support the notion of two types of high myopia. Future studies may assess whether the risk of pathologic myopic maculopathy and high myopia associated open-angle glaucoma differs between both types of high myopia.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The association between long-term joint exposure to all kinds of ambient air pollutants and the risk of mortality is not known. Our study prospectively assessed the joint associations of various air ...pollutants with cause-specific and all-cause mortality risk and identified potential modifying factors affecting these associations. A total of 400,259 individuals aged 40–70 years were included in this study. Information on PM
10
, PM
2.5–10
, PM
2.5
, NO
2
, and NO
x
was collected. A weighted air pollution score was calculated to assess joint exposure to the above air pollutants. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. During a median of 12.0 years (4,733,495 person-years) of follow-up, 21,612 deaths were recorded, including 7097 deaths from cardiovascular disease and 11,557 deaths from cancer. The adjusted HRs of all-cause mortality were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.29–1.50), 1.86 (95% CI: 1.63–2.13), 1.12 (95% CI: 1.10–1.14), and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03–1.05) for every 10-ug/m
3
increase in PM
10
, PM
2.5
, NO
2
, and NO
x
, respectively. The adjusted HRs associated with the air pollution score (the highest quintile versus the lowest quintile) were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.19–1.30) for all-cause mortality, 1.33 (95% CI: 1.23–1.43) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.09–1.23) for cancer mortality. Furthermore, we found that the air pollution score was associated with a linear dose–response increase in mortality risk (all
P
for linearity < 0.001). The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment of various air pollutants.
The vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is highly expressed in the ovaries where it is responsible for vitellogenin (Vg) deposition during oogenesis in insects. Therefore, identifying the VgR of insect ...pests, and understanding the mechanism regulating its expression, could lead to the development of pest management strategies based on disrupting reproduction. We cloned and identified VgR in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi, which is a serious pest of cruciferous vegetables in Asia. The regulation of VgR transcription by juvenile hormone (JH) was also investigated. The results show that C. bowringi VgR cDNA contains an open reading frame of 5310 bp encoding 1769 amino acid residues. Protein domain prediction indicates that C. bowringi VgR belongs to the LDLR gene superfamily, having the same group of structural domains that has been well characterized in other insects. VgR mRNA was highly expressed in the ovaries of reproductive female cabbage beetles. Knockdown of VgR reduced yolk deposition in the ovaries, increased the accumulation of Vg proteins in the hemolymph and decreased the transcription of Vg1 and Vg2 in the fat body. RNA interference and hormone challenge experiments showed that JH induced VgR transcription via the JH intracellular receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met) and the JH-responsive transcription factor Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). Our results suggest that there is a feedback loop between VgR transcription in the ovaries and Vg transcription in the fat body. JH acting through Met-Kr-h1 pathway induces the transcription of the VgR that is essential for Vg uptake and reproductive development. These findings not only reveal the potential JH signaling mechanism regulating VgR transcription, but may also contribute to the development of pest control strategies based on disrupting endocrine-regulated reproduction.
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•Colaphellus bowringi VgR mRNA level was higher in the ovaries of reproductive females compared to diapause females.•Knockdown of VgR reduced yolk deposition in the ovaries and increased the accumulation of Vg proteins in the hemolymph.•There was a feedback loop between VgR transcription in the ovaries and Vg transcription in the fat body.•JH induced VgR transcription via the Met-Kr-h1 pathway.
Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for numerous modern technologies, and demand is increasing globally; however, production steps are resource-intensive and environmentally damaging. Some plant ...species are able to hyperaccumulate REEs, and understanding the biology behind this phenomenon could play a pivotal role in developing more environmentally friendly REE recovery technologies. Here, we identified a REE transporter NRAMP REE Transporter 1 (NREET1) from the REE hyperaccumulator fern Dicranopteris linearis. Although NREET1 belongs to the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) family, it shares a low similarity with other NRAMP members. When expressed in yeast, NREET1 exhibited REE transport capacity, but it could not transport divalent metals, such as zinc, nickel, manganese, or iron. NREET1 is mainly expressed in D. linearis roots and predominantly localized in the plasma membrane. Expression studies in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that NREET1 functions as a transporter mediating REE uptake and transfer from root cell walls into the cytoplasm. Moreover, NREET1 has a higher affinity for transporting light REEs compared to heavy REEs, which is consistent to the preferential enrichment of light REEs in field-grown D. linearis. We therefore conclude that NREET1 may play an important role in the uptake and consequently hyperaccumulation of REEs in D. linearis. These findings lay the foundation for the use of synthetic biology techniques to design and produce sustainable, plant-based REE recovery systems.
The SCM behavior of the cyanide-bridged Fe2Co double zigzag chain can be manipulated upon the 808 nm light irradiation, resulting in the transition from diamagnetic {FeIILS(μ-CN)CoIIILS} state to ...paramagnetic {FeIIILS(μ-CN)CoIIHS} state, which strengthened the magnetic anisotropy and enhanced single-chain magnet behavior.
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•A cyanide − bridged FeIII2CoII double zigzag chain, {FeIII(bipy)(CN)42CoII(2,4′−bpy)2}, have been synthesized.•Metal − to − metal charge transfer (MMCT) component is incorporated into the well-isolated chain to manipulate its single-chain magnet behavior.•single − chain magnet behavior is enhanced upon the 808 nm irradiation resulting from the strengthening of the magnetic anisotropy of the chain.
Single-chain magnets (SCMs) featuring magnetic hysteresis comparable to binary 0 and 1 are of great interest for their promising application in memory devices and sensors. However, it is still a big challenge to control the behavior of the SCMs using the reversible spin-transition component. Herein, a cyanide-bridged FeIII2CoII double zigzag chain, {FeIII(bipy)(CN)42CoII(2,4′-bpy)2} 1, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 2,4′-bpy = 2,4′-bipyridine was synthesized, which exhibited both metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) and single‐chain magnet (SCM) behavior. The illumination of 808 nm light induced the transition from diamagnetic {FeIILS(μ-CN)CoIIILS} state to paramagnetic {FeIIILS(μ-CN)CoIIHS} state, which strengthened the magnetic anisotropy and opened up the intrachain magnetic interactions, resulting in the light-enhanced single-chain magnet behavior.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stress resistance and fruit total soluble solid (TSS) content have changed dramatically during selective breeding, and transcriptome variation has played a critical role ...in this rewiring. However, the single tomato reference genome impedes characterization of whole-transcriptome variation during domestication and breeding at the population level. Here, we constructed a pan-transcriptome of orange-stage tomato fruit, and investigated global expression presence/absence variation (ePAV) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 399 tomato accessions. A total of 7 181 genes absent from the reference genome were identified, 6 122 of which were ePAV genes during tomato domestication and breeding including resistance genes such as late blight resistance gene PIM_DN29746_c0_g3_i1 and peroxidase P7-like gene PIM_DN30274_c0_g2_i1. In addition, 3 629 genes were significantly differentially expressed during tomato selection, among which 19 genes were associated with the reduced fruit TSS content of modern tomato cultivars, including LIN5, TIV1, and seven novel sugar transporter genes. Our results indicate that natural and artificial selection greatly shaped the tomato transcriptome, thereby altering the fruit TSS content and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.
Oxysterol-binding protein like protein 3 (OSBPL3) has been shown involving in the development of several human cancers. However, the relationship between OSBPL3 and colorectal cancer (CRC), ...particularly the role of OSBPL3 in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of OSBPL3 in CRC and found that its expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues. In addition, high expression of OSBPL3 was closely related to poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis of CRC. Further experiments showed that over-expression of OSBPL3 promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, we revealed that OSBPL3 promoted CRC progression through activation of RAS signaling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hypoxia induced factor 1 (HIF-1A) can regulate the expression of OSBPL3 via binding to the hypoxia response element (HRE) in the promoter of OSBPL3. In summary, Upregulation of OSBPL3 by HIF1A promotes colorectal cancer progression through activation of RAS signaling pathway. This novel mechanism provides a comprehensive understanding of both OSBPL3 and the RAS signaling pathway in the progression of CRC and indicates that the HIF1A-OSBPL3-RAS axis is a potential target for early therapeutic intervention in CRC progression.
Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1), designated apalbumin 1, has been regarded as a freshness marker of royal jelly (RJ). A MRJP1-specific peptide (IKEALPHVPIFD) identified by bioinformatics analysis ...of homologous members of the major royal protein family was synthesized and used to raise polyclonal anti-MRJP1 antibody (anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody). Western blot analysis showed that anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody only reacted with MRJP1 in RJ. In contrast, the previously reported antibody against recombinant MRJP1 (anti-R-MRJP1 antibody) reacted with other members of MRJP family in RJ. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody demonstrated that MRJP1 content in RJ stored at 40 °C significantly degraded by 37.3%, 55.9%, 58.0%, 60.6%, 65.7%, 72.7%, and 73.1% at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d, respectively, when compared with MRJP1 content in fresh RJ (0 d). Optical density analysis of MRJP bands from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles demonstrated that the degradation of MRJP1, MRJP2, MRJP3, and MRJP5 in RJ was strongly and positively correlated with the period of storage (
P
<0.0001). Our results indicated anti-SP-MRJP1 antibody was highly specific for MRJP1, and ELISA using the antibody is a sensitive and easy-to-use method to determine the freshness and authenticity of RJ.
To study the impact of dose distribution on volume-effect parameter and predictive ability of equivalent uniform dose (EUD) model, and to explore the improvements.
The brains of 103 nasopharyngeal ...carcinoma patients treated with IMRT were segmented according to dose distribution (brain and left/right half-brain for similar distributions but different sizes; V
with different
for different distributions). Predictive ability of EUD
(EUD of V
) for radiation-induced brain injury was assessed by receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). The optimal volume-effect parameter
of EUD was selected when AUC was maximal (mAUC). Correlations between mAUC,
and
were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Both mAUC and
in brain and half-brain were compared by using paired samples
-tests. The optimal D
and V
points were selected for a simple comparison.
The mAUC of brain/half-brain EUD was 0.819/0.821 and the optimal
value was 21.5/22. When
increased, mAUC of EUD
increased, while
decreased. The mAUC reached the maximum value when
was 50-55 Gy, and
was always 1 when D ≥55 Gy. The difference of mAUC/
between brain and half-brain was not significant. If
was in range of 1 to 22, AUC of brain/half-brain EUD
(0.857-0.830/0.845-0.830) was always larger than that of brain/half-brain EUD (0.681-0.819/0.691-0.821). The AUCs of optimal dose/volume points were 0.801 (brain D
), 0.823 (brain V
), 0.818 (half-brain D
), and 0.827 (half-brain V
), respectively. Mean dose (equal to EUD
with
= 1) of high-dose volume (V
-V
) was superior to traditional EUD and dose/volume points.
Volume-effect parameter of EUD is variable and related to dose distribution. EUD with large low-dose volume may not be better than simple dose/volume points. Critical-dose-volume EUD could improve the predictive ability and has an invariant volume-effect parameter. Mean dose may be the case in which critical-dose-volume EUD has the best predictive ability.
Fish oil is one of the most popular supplements in the UK and other developed countries. However, the relationship between fish oil use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear.
To ...prospectively examine the association of habitual fish oil supplementation with incident COPD risk and to evaluate potential effect modification by genetic predisposition.
This study included 484,414 participants (mean and standard deviation SD age: 56.5 8.1 years) from the UK Biobank who completed a touchscreen questionnaire on habitual fish oil supplement use between 2006 and 2010 and were followed up through 2018. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviours, health conditions, and other potential confounding factors. A weighted genetic risk score (GRS) for COPD was derived from 112 validated single nucleotide polymorphisms.
During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 8860 incident COPD events were recorded. A total of 31.4% (152,230) of the study participants reported habitual fish oil supplementation at baseline. Habitual fish oil supplementation was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident COPD (adjusted HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84–0.93). The association with COPD did not differ by GRS strata (P for interaction = 0.880). The results from subgroup and sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of our findings.
Our findings suggest that habitual fish oil supplementation is associated with a lower risk of incident COPD, irrespective of genetic predisposition.
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