The shortage of adequately prepared health professionals is the most significant threat to world health that we face. This book, a co--publication with The Carter Center, focuses on the training of ...health professional educators--both teachers and practitioners--in low--resource countries at different levels of technological and material sophistication. This comprehensive book trains health educators and practitioners to improve their pedagogical skills and to increase the quality and numbers of health workers. It also assists physcians, nurses, health officers, medical lab technicians, and environmental technicians to work with different cultures and linguistic groups in any one country. For the growing number of health educators and practitioners in developed countries who teach, research, and practice within the international context, it is an essential resource.
To date there is no international guideline on chronic pelvic pain available that focuses on medical, psychosomatic and psychological diagnostics and treatment of this complicated disease pattern. In ...this paper, a European working group, which was established in October 2010, aims to bridge this gap. The working group decided to use the current German guideline as source text and to transform it into a European consensus statement by deleting parts that apply only to the conditions of the German health system. The literature search included papers published up to and including December 2010, using Medline search and by adding some new search terms. This manuscript reports the essential facts of the above-mentioned consensus statement. Within this article we use the term "psychosomatic" as the integrated concept of medical and psychosocial aspects of a disease.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A feature of glioblastoma (GBM) is cellular and molecular heterogeneity, both within and between tumors. This variability causes a risk for sampling bias and potential tumor escape from future ...targeted therapy. Heterogeneous intra-tumor gene expression in GBM is well documented, but little is known regarding the epigenetic heterogeneity. Variability in DNA methylation within tumors would have implications for diagnostics, as methylation can be used for tumor classification, subtyping and determination of the clinically used biomarker MGMT promoter methylation. We therefore aimed to profile the intra-tumor DNA methylation heterogeneity in GBM and its effect on diagnostic properties.Three to four spatially separated biopsies per tumor were collected from 12 GBM patients. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and investigated intra-tumor variation.All samples were classified as GBM IDH wild type (wt)/mutated by methylation profiling, but the subclass differed within five tumors. Some GBM samples exhibited higher DNA methylation differences within tumors than between, and many CpG sites (mean: 17,000) had different methylation levels within the tumors. MGMT methylation status differed in IDH mutated patients (1/1).We demonstrated that intra-tumor DNA methylation heterogeneity is a feature of GBM. Although all biopsies were classified as GBM IDH wt/mutated by methylation analysis, the assigned subclass differed in samples from the same patient. The observed heterogeneity within tumors is important to consider for methylation-based biomarkers and future improvements in stratification of GBM patients.
African Americans are facing a serious health crisis. They are disproportionately affected by most chronic illnesses. The disparity among ethic groups as it relates to health and illness is related ...to psychosocial and biological factors within the African American culture. Many African Americans are sometimes reluctant to participate in studies. This article discusses the process of creating a caring community when conducting research within an African American community based on the experience of the authors with two faith communities in a southern metropolitan area in the United States. The process is identified as unknowing, reflection, presence, and knowing. The process is based on Leininger’s theory of culture care diversity and universality and her stranger to friend enabler. When the theory and method are used, the investigator moves from a stranger within the community to a trusted friend and begins to collect rich and valuable data for analysis from the informants’ point of view.
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