Antibodies against tumor‐associated antigens have been found in serum of patients with various types of cancers and may serve as biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer as well. This ...systematic review aims to give an overview about known autoantibodies and their diagnostic value in gastric cancer. We conducted a systematic literature search in two databases to identify studies which performed serological testing for autoantibodies in gastric cancer patients and controls. Data on study characteristics and results were extracted independently by two reviewers. Overall, 39 articles reporting the detection of 34 different autoantibodies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The most common antibody detection method was enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the most frequently assessed autoantibody was anti‐p53, which was tested in 13 studies. Most antibodies were assessed in only one study and only few authors have evaluated the diagnostic value of combinations of multiple autoantibodies. For single autoantibodies, specificity was generally very high (median: 99.15%), but sensitivity was mostly rather low (median: 12.35%). For some autoantibody combinations, substantially higher sensitivity at reasonably high levels of specificity could be achieved. Development of extended and optimized multimarker panels of autoantibodies might be a promising approach for gastric cancer early detection.
Characterizing the interactions that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs make with host cell proteins during infection can improve our understanding of viral RNA functions and the host innate immune response. ...Using RNA antisense purification and mass spectrometry, we identified up to 104 human proteins that directly and specifically bind to SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in infected human cells. We integrated the SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome with changes in proteome abundance induced by viral infection and linked interactome proteins to cellular pathways relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infections. We demonstrated by genetic perturbation that cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) and La-related protein 1 (LARP1), two of the most strongly enriched viral RNA binders, restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected cells and provide a global map of their direct RNA contact sites. Pharmacological inhibition of three other RNA interactome members, PPIA, ATP1A1, and the ARP2/3 complex, reduced viral replication in two human cell lines. The identification of host dependency factors and defence strategies as presented in this work will improve the design of targeted therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract Multiple studies have shown that cancer patients produce detectable autoantibodies against certain tumor-associated antigens, which might be promising blood biomarkers for early detection of ...colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to provide an overview of published studies on blood autoantibody markers for early detection of CRC and to summarize their diagnostic performance. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and EMBASE to find relevant studies published until 23 July 2013. Relevant information, such as study population characteristics, autoantibodies studied, analytical methods and diagnostic performance characteristics was independently extracted by two reviewers. Overall, 67 studies evaluating 109 autoantibody markers were included. Most individual markers showed low sensitivity (below 25%) for detecting CRC, along with high specificity close to 100%. Occasionally reported higher sensitivities for specific antibodies are yet to be replicated in independent studies. Generally, more promising results were seen for combinations of multiple autoantibody markers. But again, these promising results are yet to be replicated in other samples. In conclusion, autoantibody signatures may become a promising approach to noninvasive CRC screening. Optimized marker panels are yet to be developed, and promising results require validation in large screening populations.
Abstract
Andropogon lateralis
is a tall and highly plastic tussock-forming grass native from southern South America. It is a frequent component of Campos and Subtropical highland grasslands that ...often becomes dominant under lax grazing regimes. The aim of this work was to analyze the response of species diversity and forage production of a natural grassland dominated by
A. lateralis
to a wide range of grazing intensity. We hypothesized that species diversity and forage production would both peak at the intermediate canopy heights determined by grazing regimes of moderate intensity. A grazing experiment was conducted in a highland grassland with mesothermal humid climate at 922 masl (Atlantic Forest biome, Santa Catarina state, Brazil) that comprised 87 species from 20 families but had 50% of its standing biomass accounted by
A. lateralis
. Four pre-/post-grazing canopy heights—12/7, 20/12, 28/17, and 36/22 cm (measured on
A. lateralis
)—were arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications, and intermittently stocked with beef heifers from October 2015 to October 2017.
Andropogon lateralis
cover decreased (from 75 to 50%), and species richness increased (15–25 species m
−2
) as canopy height decreased. Grazing intensity did not affect annual forage production (4.2 Mg DM ha
−1
). This natural grassland dominated by
A. lateralis
had a high capacity to adjust to grazing regimes of contrasting intensity, maintaining forage production stable over a wide range of canopy heights. However, to prevent losses in floristic diversity, such grassland should not be grazed at canopy heights higher than 28 cm.
Apple rootstocks establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), however the influence of fungal isolates on nutritional and physiological parameters are limited. The aim of this work ...was to evaluate the growth, nutrient uptake and use efficiency, and gas exchange of apple micropropagated rootstock ‘Marubakaido’ inoculated with four isolates of AMF with differing levels of phosphorus (P). We grew plantlets in a non-sterilized soil inoculated with AMF isolates
Acaulospora colombiana
SCT115A,
A. morrowiae
SCT400B,
Claroideoglomus etunicatum
SCT101A, and
Gigaspora albida
SCT200A, plus a non-inoculated treatment at three levels of P (0%, 50% e 100%). After 90 days of AMF inoculation, internal CO
2
concentration (
ci
), transpiration rate (
E
), stomatal conductance (
g
s
) and photosynthetic rate (
A
) were evaluated and after 315 days, total dry biomass, macro and micronutrient contents and mycorrhizal colonization were determined. AMF inoculation, regardless of P levels, decreased
ci
,
E
and
g
s
, and increased the intrinsic water use efficiency (A/gs) and water use efficiency (
A/E
). The total biomass results differed among the AMF isolates, where
G. albida
stood out increasing apple rootstock growth in all levels of
P. Gigaspora albida
also increased the relative accumulation of N, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and B and had lower mycorrhizal colonization rates. Nutrient use efficiency was higher in plants inoculated with
G. albida
compared to control plants. In conclusion, although the AMF isolates demonstrated positive results depending on the soil P concentration, we found evidence that
G. albida
has the potential to be used as inoculant on apple rootstock ‘Marubakaido’ production in nurseries to enhance tree performance.
Key message
Apple micropropagated rootostocks inoculated with Gigaspora albida increase growth, nutrients content and use efficiency.
Like many other species of trees native to the Brazilian Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest), the Myrtaceae, such as the Red Araza (Psidium cattleianum Sabine), are widely cited as arbuscular ...mycorrhizal formers. Nevertheless, recent studies show evidence that Myrtaceae from different tropical, subtropical and neotropical ecosystems can also prompt the formation of ectomycorrhizae, indicating that this species' ectomycorrhizal status should be further explored. Because of this, this research effort studied the in vitro interaction between the Red Araza and two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolates, belonging to the Pisolithus microcarpus (D17) and Scleroderma citrinum (UFSC-Sc133) species. An analysis was performed to determine the formation of ectomycorrhizal structures, or lack thereof, and the developmental differences between the in vitro mycorrhized and non-mycorrhized plants. The analysis proved that indeed an ectomycorrhizal association was developed between the Red Araza, and the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates, a fact never before registered in the existing literature. After an in vitro period of 110 days, it was confirmed that the D17 and UFSC-Sc133 isolates formed mycorrhizal colonization of 91.6% and 15.7%, respectively. Furthermore, both isolates also promoted root thickening, and the formation of a fungal mantle and a Hartig net. However, when compared to the Control plants, the fungal isolates did not contribute to an increase in the development of the subject plants, possibly due to the specific experimental conditions used, such as a high humidity environment and high availability of nutrients in the symbiotic substrate.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Novel blood-based screening tests are strongly desirable for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to identify and evaluate autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens as ...biomarkers for early detection of CRC. 380 clinically identified CRC patients and samples of participants with selected findings from a cohort of screening colonoscopy participants in 2005-2013 (N=6826) were included in this analysis. Sixty-four serum autoantibody markers were measured by multiplex bead-based serological assays. A two-step approach with selection of biomarkers in a training set, and validation of findings in a validation set, the latter exclusively including participants from the screening setting, was applied. Anti-MAGEA4 exhibited the highest sensitivity for detecting early stage CRC and advanced adenoma. Multi-marker combinations substantially increased sensitivity at the price of a moderate loss of specificity. Anti-TP53, anti-IMPDH2, anti-MDM2 and anti-MAGEA4 were consistently included in the best-performing 4-, 5-, and 6-marker combinations. This four-marker panel yielded a sensitivity of 26% (95% CI, 13-45%) for early stage CRC at a specificity of 90% (95% CI, 83-94%) in the validation set. Notably, it also detected 20% (95% CI, 13-29%) of advanced adenomas. Taken together, the identified biomarkers could contribute to the development of a useful multi-marker blood-based test for CRC early detection.
•Melanoma patients with concurrent SRS and IPI + NIVO had more grade 3 toxicities.•Grade 3 toxicity was mainly related to radiation necrosis or hemorrhage.•All respective patients received SRS within ...seven days of IPI + NIVO application.•We suggest adequate timing of IPI + NIVO and SRS in order to avoid toxicities.
Adding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to combined immune checkpoint therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab (IPI + NIVO) has led to promising results for patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM). This study retrospectively analyzes the toxicity profile depending on the timing of SRS with regard to IPI + NIVO.
For this study, the clinical database was searched for all patients with MBM who were treated with SRS and IPI + NIVO. The patients were separated into three groups: group A completed IPI + NIVO (usually up to four cycles) >14 days before SRS, in group B IPI + NIVO was initiated>14 days after SRS, and group C received SRS concurrently to IPI + NIVO. Treatment related toxicity was obtained from clinical and neuroradiological records. Analyses were performed using the Fisher-Yates-test.
31 patients were assessed including six (19.4 %), seven (22.6 %) and 18 (58.1 %) patients, in groups A, B and C, respectively. Baseline prognostic markers between groups were balanced. In total, five (16.1 %) patients experienced neurological grade 3 toxicities related to SRS. All of these five patients were in group C, which was near-significantly correlated with a risk for grade 3 toxicities (p = 0.058). Post-hoc analyses showed that a maximum time period of seven days between SRS and IPI + NIVO was significantly correlated with grade 3 toxicity (p = 0.048).
Application of SRS to IPI + NIVO within a seven-day span was related to higher toxicity rates in this retrospective analysis. After previous studies focused on immune checkpoint monotherapies with SRS and declared it as safe, this study indicates that concomitant application of IPI + NIVO and SRS might increase side effects. Prospective validation is warranted to corroborate these findings.
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o potencial do óleo essencial de Psidium cattleyanum para controle de fitopatógenos em sementes de feijão. Para obtenção dos óleos foram realizadas coletas de P. ...cattleyanum em quatro fases fenológicas. Para cada fase, utilizou-se óleo puro, óleo homeopatizado 7CH (ordem de diluição centesimal hahnemanniana) e 12CH e a água destilada foi o controle. Foram utilizadas oito repetições, cada qual com 25 sementes em placa de Petri. Após sete dias de incubadas, determinou-se a percentagem de germinação e a incidência de patógenos. Óleo puro na fase de folhas velhas e folhas novas e o óleo 7CH na fase de folhas novas e floração apresentaram germinação das sementes de acordo com a legislação para certificação, acima de 70%. Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium sp. e Aspergillus flavus foram incidentes em todos os tratamentos. Menor incidência de A. flavus ocorreu com uso de óleo puro e no óleo 7CH de folhas novas e floração e 12CH da floração. A época de coleta para a extração dos óleos essenciais de P. cattleyanum influi sobre sua ação antifúngica.
We investigated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs in rural areas of the municipality of Painel, Santa Catarina, Brazil. For this, 91 canine feces samples were collected from 82 ...farms between August, 2017 and January, 2018. These fecal materials were processed using the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation, centrifugation-floatation in zinc sulfate and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A questionnaire in the form of an interview was administered to the dogs' owner and information about the farm and the main care provided for the dogs was obtained. Among 91 sampled dogs, 27 (29.7%) were positive for at least one parasite species. Ancylostoma was the most prevalent genus (16.5%), followed by Giardia duodenalis (14.3%), Trichuris vulpis (6.6%), Toxocara canis (5.5%), Entamoeba spp. (4.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.3%) and Taeniidae (1.1%). Most dogs do not receive veterinarian care and rarely received antiparasitic treatment. They were free to roam and had free access to animal remains and garbage, which was reflected in the significant associations with the occurrence of parasites that were found. We conclude that rural dogs harbor gastrointestinal parasites, but that their owners are unaware of the risks that these parasites can bring to human health.
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