The ALICE Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC) provide information about event geometry in heavy-ion collisions through the detection of spectator nucleons and allow to estimate the delivered luminosity. ...They are also very useful in p–A collisions, allowing an unbiased estimation of collision centrality. The Run 3 operating conditions will involve a tenfold increase in instantaneous luminosity in heavy-ion collisions, with event rates that, taking into account the different processes, could reach 5 MHz in the ZDCs. The challenges posed by this demanding environment lead to a redesign of the readout system and to the transition to a continuous acquisition. The new system is based on 12 bit, 1 Gsps FMC digitizers that will continuously sample the 26 ZDC channels. Triggering, pedestal estimation and luminosity measurements will be performed on FPGA directly connected to the front-end. The new readout system and the performances foreseen in Run 3 are presented.
Abstract
The readout electronics for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is undergoing a re-design in order to cope with the LHC ugrade. In particular, a fourfold increase in the sampling frequency ...(from 40 to 160 MS/s) is required. Therefore a new readout ASIC has been developed. The ASIC, named LiTE-DTU, is designed in a CMOS 65 nm technology. The LiTE-DTU embeds two 12 bit, 160 MS/s ADCs, a time window based sample selection, lossless data compression and 1.28 Gb/s serialization. An on-chip PLL provides the 1.28 GHz clock required by the ADCs and the serializers from the 160 MHz clock.
Positron emission tomography is one of the most mature techniques for monitoring the particles range in hadron therapy, aiming to reduce treatment uncertainties and therefore the extent of safety ...margins in the treatment plan. In-beam PET monitoring has been already performed using inter-spill and post-irradiation data, i.e. while the particle beam is off or paused. The full beam acquisition procedure is commonly discarded because the particle spills abruptly increase the random coincidence rates and therefore the image noise. This is because random coincidences cannot be separated by annihilation photons originating from radioactive decays and cannot be corrected with standard random coincidence techniques due to the time correlation of the beam-induced background with the ion beam microstructure. The aim of this paper is to provide a new method to recover in-spill data to improve the images obtained with full-beam PET acquisitions. This is done by estimating the temporal microstructure of the beam and thus selecting input PET events that are less likely to be random ones. The PET detector we used was the one developed within the INSIDE project and tested at the CNAO synchrotron-based facility. The data were taken on a PMMA phantom irradiated with 72 MeV proton pencil beams. The obtained results confirm the possibility of improving the acquired PET data without any external signal coming from the synchrotron or ad hoc detectors.
Abstract
The ToASt ASIC is a 64 channel integrated circuit designed for the readout of the double-sided silicon strip sensors that will equip the micro-vertex detector of the PANDA experiment. The ...ToASt ASIC operates with a 160 MHz clock, which defines also the time resolution. A common time stamp is distributed to all channels to provide a common time reference for time of arrival and time over threshold measurements. Two 160 Mb/s serial lines provide the interface to the data concentrator. ToASt is implemented in a commercial 110 nm CMOS technology with triplicated logic to protect against single event upsets.
Abstract
The University and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics of Torino are developing LGAD-based prototypes for beam monitoring in proton therapy. The direct measurement of single beam ...particles could overcome some features of currently used ionization chambers, such as slow charge collection and reduced sensitivity, which limit the implementation of advanced delivery techniques (e.g. rescanning). LGAD strip sensors have been designed and produced by Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK, Trento) specifically for this project. A counter prototype to directly count individual protons at clinical fluence rates (10
6
–10
10
protons/cm
2
·s) and a telescope system to measure the beam energy with time-of-flight (TOF) techniques are described. Tests of LGAD silicon strip sensors performed on synchrotron and cyclotron beams of therapeutic centers, using a pin-hole ionization chamber for the independent measurement of the particle flux, already showed the possibility to keep the counting error <1% up to a beam fluence rate of few 10
8
protons/cm
2
·s. The ongoing tests of counting sensors readout by a dedicated fast charge sensitive amplifier chip are reported. The telescope system, made of two sensors at a distance up to 95 cm, allows measuring the beam energy in the clinical range (70–230 MeV) with a maximum deviation of 310 keV in respect to the nominal one, with an uncertainty of 500 keV, thus achieving the prescribed clinical accuracy of 1 mm in the range in water.
Treatment quality assessment is a crucial feature for both present and next-generation ion therapy facilities. Several approaches are being explored, based on prompt radiation emission or on PET ...signals by β+-decaying isotopes generated by beam interactions with the body. In-beam PET monitoring at synchrotron-based ion therapy facilities has already been performed, either based on inter-spill data only, to avoid the influence of the prompt radiation, or including both in-spill and inter-spill data. However, the PET images either suffer of poor statistics (inter-spill) or are more influenced by the background induced by prompt radiation (in-spill). Both those problems are expected to worsen for accelerators with improved duty cycle where the inter-spill interval is reduced to shorten the treatment time. With the aim of assessing the detector performance and developing techniques for background reduction, a test of an in-beam PET detector prototype was performed at the CNAO synchrotron-based ion therapy facility in full-beam acquisition modality. Data taken with proton beams impinging on PMMA phantoms showed the system acquisition capability and the resulting activity distribution, separately reconstructed for the in-spill and the inter-spill data. The coincidence time resolution for in-spill and inter-spill data shows a good agreement, with a slight deterioration during the spill. The data selection technique allows the identification and rejection of most of the background originated during the beam delivery. The activity range difference between two different proton beam energies (68 and 72 MeV) was measured and found to be in sub-millimeter agreement with the expected result. However, a slightly longer (2 mm) absolute profile length is obtained for in-spill data when compared to inter-spill data.
Abstract
In the framework of the upgrade of the Pierre Auger
Observatory, a new high voltage module is being employed for the
power supply of the 1-inch photomultiplier added to each
water-Cherenkov ...detector of the surface array with the aim of
increasing the dynamic range of the measurements. This module is
located in a dedicated box near the electronics and comprises a low
consumption DC-DC converter hosted inside an aluminum box. All the
modules have undergone specific tests to verify their reliability in
the extreme environmental conditions of the Argentinian pampa. In
this paper, we describe the validation procedure and the facility
developed to this aim. The successful results of the tests on the
HVPS modules are presented and discussed.
Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a material with a very good radiation hardness and with the possibility of deposition on flexible substrates like Polyimide (PI). Exploiting these ...properties, the HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon PIxels DEtectors) project has the goal of developing a-Si:H detectors on flexible substrates for beam dosimetry and profile monitoring, neutron detection and space experiments. The detectors for this experiment will be developed in two different structures: the n-i-p diode structure, which has been used up to now for the construction of the planar a-Si:H detectors, and the recently developed charge selective contact structure. In the latter the doped layers (n or p) are replaced with charge selective materials namely electron-selective conductive metal-oxides (TiO 2 or Al:ZnO) and hole-selective conductive metal oxides (MoO x ). In this paper preliminary data on the capabilities of these detectors to measure X-ray and electron fluxes will be presented. In particular, the linearity, the sensitivity, the stability and dark current in various conditions will be discussed.
We have searched for a deeply bound kaonic state by using the FINUDA spectrometer installed at the e(+)e(-) collider DAPhiNE. Almost monochromatic K(-)'s produced through the decay of phi(1020) ...mesons are used to observe K(-) absorption reactions stopped on very thin nuclear targets. Taking this unique advantage, we have succeeded to detect a kaon-bound state K(-)pp through its two-body decay into a Lambda hyperon and a proton. The binding energy and the decay width are determined from the invariant-mass distribution as 115(+6)(-5)(stat)(+3)(-4)(syst) MeV and 67(+14)(-11)(stat)(+2)(-3)(syst) MeV, respectively.
The CGEM-IT readout chain Amoroso, A.; Baldini Ferroli, R.; Balossino, I. ...
Journal of instrumentation,
08/2021, Letnik:
16, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
An innovative Cylindrical Gas Electron Multiplier (CGEM) detector is under construction for the upgrade of the inner tracker of the BESIII experiment. A novel system has been worked out for the ...readout of the CGEM detector, including a new ASIC, dubbed TIGER -Torino Integrated GEM Electronics for Readout, designed for the amplification and digitization of the CGEM output signals. The data output by TIGER are collected and processed by a first FPGA-based module, GEM Read Out Card, in charge of configuration and control of the front-end ASICs. A second FPGA-based module, named GEM Data Concentrator, builds the trigger selected event packets containing the data and stores them via the main BESIII data acquisition system. The design of the electronics chain, including the power and signal distribution, will be presented together with its performance.
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