•Four main fucoxanthin isomers were simultaneously purified by RP-HPLC on a C30 column.•This method is a simple, rapid, and highly effective to purify fucoxanthin isomers.•The purity of isomers was: ...all-trans and 9ʹ-cis, > 95%; 13ʹ-cis, 85%; 13-cis, >80%•This method is applicable to the main isomers produced by artificial stereomutation.
Simultaneous purification of fucoxanthin isomers from brown seaweeds by two steps of open-column chromatography (OCC) and reversed-phase (RP)-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. Analysis and identification of fucoxanthin isomers were performed by chromatographic and spectrophotometric properties such as retention time (tR), spectral shape, maximal absorption wavelength (λmax), Q-ratio, and mass spectrometry (MS) data including the ratio of fragment ions. The optimal conditions for a simultaneous separation and purification were examined by changing several parameters of HPLC, i.e., mobile phase composition, equilibration time, and column oven temperature. The purification procedure consisted of the following two steps: first, highly purified fucoxanthin fraction was obtained by a silica-gel OCC. Then, four major fucoxanthin isomers, all-trans, 13ʹ-cis, 13-cis, and 9ʹ-cis, were simultaneously separated and purified by RP-HPLC with an analytical C30 column and gradient elution in a mixture of water, methanol, and methyl tert-butyl ether. The purity of fucoxanthin isomers purified was >95% for all-trans and 9ʹ-cis, 85% for 13ʹ-cis, and >80% for 13-cis. A large-scale purification by RP-HPLC using a preparative C18 column was effective for the purification of all-trans and 9ʹ-cis with a yield of 95%. This developed technique was fully applicable to analyze the enhanced production of fucoxanthin isomers by iodine-catalyzed stereomutation which composed of 9 isomer species including 9-cis.
This study aims to find out the symbols and it is meanings in social interaction on religious discourse on Facebook. Sociological approach used to achieve the object of study. To analyse the data G.H ...Mead symbolic interactionism use as analysis tool. Objects on this study are some religious Facebook status. Data retrieval is done by observing some Facebook user status. The result shows that the meaning of symbols in interaction about religious discourse on social media on Facebook is very diverse, this is certainly influenced by different backgrounds and points of view. This research is so important to be used as a reference in making decisions related to regulation about the use of social media in the community.
Dieback disease in mango trees has been observed in Indonesia, particularly in Java Island, with the causal agent remaining unidentified. One of the important pathogens that are responsible for ...causing mango dieback is Colletotrichum. Field surveys were conducted in various mango cultivating areas in Java Island, Indonesia to assess prevalence of Colletotrichum as dieback disease pathogen. Eleven Colletotrichum isolates were recovered from symptomatic dieback twigs and morphologically characterized. Genetic diversity fingerprint analysis was carried out using rep-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis identified isolates as belonging to Colletotrichum asianum and Colletotrichum cairnsense using partial sequences of four gene regions, including ITS, ACT, GAPDH, and TUB2. Pathogenicity tests on mango seedlings cv. Arumanis showed that all fungal isolates were responsible for causing dieback symptoms. Subsequently, symptomatic tissue was reisolated to fulfill Koch’s Postulate. This study represented new funding for two species of Colletotrichum causing mango dieback in Indonesia.
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light is known to induce plant resistance in suppressing disease infection. Its ability to induce plant resistance has been widely used as an inducer of plant resistance. This ...study aims to determine the ability of UV-B light in suppressing shallot twisted disease, potency of plant resistance induction through accumulation of peroxidase enzymes, salicylic acid, chlorophyl content and to observe shallot growth after treatment. This study applied UV-B light with a duration of 65 mW/m2 for 4 hours each day for 3, 5 and 7 days, for inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Fungicide (Benomyl) was used as a comparison for inoculated plants. The results showed that UV-B irradiation of 4 hours/day for 7 days was able to reduce the incidence of shallot twisted disease, but the incubation period among treatments was not significantly different. UV-B irradiation of 4 hours/day, for 7 days was able to increase salicylic acid content, and maintain the same chlorophyll content as the negative control, however the peroxidase enzyme content was not significantly different. Treatment of UV-B 4 hours/day for 7 days irradiation did not inhibit the growth and production of shallot plants.
Shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum.) is a horticultural plant that is widely consumed in the world. However, the productivity of shallots in Indonesia is still relatively low, if compared to the ...actual optimum production potential of shallot. Shallot cultivation in Indonesia often experiences many problems. One of the problems is twisted diseases caused by Fusarium sp. This research aimed to study the effect of the application of organic material enriched with Bacillus in suppressing the development of twisted disease of shallot. This study was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments namely (A) compost + Bacillus velezensis isolate B-27, (B) compost + Bacillus cereus isolate RC76, (C) B. velezensis isolate B-27+B. cereus isolate RC76+compost, (D) compost + Trichoderma asperellum and (E) control (compost 1 ton/ha) with 5 replications on glasshouse treatment and 3 replications on field treatment. The results showed that the combination of B. velezensis in compost effectively reduced the incidence of twisted disease, the number of Fusarium spp. colonies, and the number of infected bulbs by Fusarium sp. Besides, the combination of compost with microbial agents showed better results than compost single treatment.
Sundaland constitutes one of the largest and most threatened biodiversity hotspots; however, our understanding of its biodiversity is afflicted by knowledge gaps in taxonomy and distribution ...patterns. The subfamily Rasborinae is the most diversified group of freshwater fishes in Sundaland. Uncertainties in their taxonomy and systematics have constrained its use as a model in evolutionary studies. Here, we established a DNA barcode reference library of the Rasborinae in Sundaland to examine species boundaries and range distributions through DNA-based species delimitation methods. A checklist of the Rasborinae of Sundaland was compiled based on online catalogs and used to estimate the taxonomic coverage of the present study. We generated a total of 991 DNA barcodes from 189 sampling sites in Sundaland. Together with 106 previously published sequences, we subsequently assembled a reference library of 1097 sequences that covers 65 taxa, including 61 of the 79 known Rasborinae species of Sundaland. Our library indicates that Rasborinae species are defined by distinct molecular lineages that are captured by species delimitation methods. A large overlap between intraspecific and interspecific genetic distance is observed that can be explained by the large amounts of cryptic diversity as evidenced by the 166 Operational Taxonomic Units detected. Implications for the evolutionary dynamics of species diversification are discussed.
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) contain over 40 members. The primer pair Smibo1FM/Semi1RM on the RPB2 partial gene has been reported to be able to identify Fusarium semitectum. ...The F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) contains more than 50 members. The F. verticillioides as a member of this complex can be identified by using VER1/VER2 primer pair on the CaM partial gene. In this research, the Smibo1FM/Semi1RM can amplify F. sulawesiense, F. hainanense, F. bubalinum, and F. tanahbumbuense, members of FIESC at 424 bp. The VER1/VER2 can amplify F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi, and F. pseudocircinatum, members of FFSC at 578 bp. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism by using the combination of three restriction enzymes EcoRV, MspI, and HpyAV can differentiate each species of FIESC used. The two restriction enzymes HpaII and NspI can distinguish each species of FFSC used. The proper identification process is required for pathogen control in the field in order to reduce crop yield loss.
In recent years, several studies have reported promising results of Yohimbine as a natural supplement for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, several studies suggested that the aphrodisiac effects of ...the extract were only a placebo or due to the increase in peripheral vascular congestion. In contrast, other studies reported that it could provide excellent curative effects on organic impotence. We aimed to review the efficacy of Yohimbine as a pharmacological treatment for ED and performed a comprehensive systematic search of published articles in PubMed and Science Direct databases for eligible randomized controlled trials comparing Yohimbine to placebo or no treatment for ED patients. A total of eight studies out of 543 studies were included in this review. Both Yohimbine alone (odds ratio OR ¼ 2.08, 95% CI 1.30-3.32, P ¼ .002) and combined (OR ¼ 6.35, 95% CI 3.01-13.41, P < .001) showed a significantly greater probability of erectile function improvement compared to the placebo group (OR ¼ 2.87, 95% CI 1.94-4.25, P < .001). Yohimbine alone did not show a significant difference in the rate of improved sexual function (P ¼ .07); however, the pooled results of both subgroups indicated a higher rate of improved sexual function (OR ¼ 2.65, 95% CI 1.43-4.92, P ¼ .002). Sole administration of Yohimbine and its combination with other supplements can improve the erectile function in ED patients. However, it is not able to improve the sexual function if not combined with other treatments.
Phytophthora and Pythium are a group of Oomycetes that are widely associated with diseases in potato plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the Oomycetes associated with the ...rhizosphere of infected potato plants showing leaf blight. Four isolates were collected from four regions in Central Java (UGM_St_TM, UGM_St_BK, UGM_St_BNJ, and UGM_St_KJ, the isolate from Temanggung, Bakal, Banjarnegara, Kejajar respectively), and UGM_St_NG isolate as culture collection from Laboratory of Plant Pathology. Molecular identification of all isolates was carried out using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4), nuclear large-ribosomal subunit (LSU), and cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene markers. Based on the results, the isolates UGM_St_TM, UGM_St_BK, and UGM_St_BNJ were identified as Phythium ultimum while UGM_St_KJ and UGM_St_NG isolate were identified as Phytopythium vexans.
A Barred rainbowfish (Chilatherina fasciata) is one of the native fish species found in Western New Guinea of Indonesia. This study aimed to observe the levels of haplotype diversity in the partial ...Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of Barred rainbowfish. For the DNA analysis, thirty (30) Barred rainbowfishes were caught from the Mamberamo River. Three (3) molecular packages of BioEdit, MEGA, and DNAsp were used to analyze twenty (30) forward sequences of the COI gene (502 bp). The research showed four (4) haplotypes for the examined population, a total of seven (7) mutations, and low genetic diversity detected in the partial COI gene with the haplotype diversity (Hd) = 0.405 and nucleotide diversity (pi) = 0.003. Meanwhile, the Fu's and Tajima's tests were 1.21 and -0.69, respectively. The UPGMA tree with 1,000 × bootstrap replications revealed that Barred rainbowfishes are grouped into similar clusters with Melanotaenia vanheurni, Chilatherina alleni, and Chilatherina bleheri. In conclusion, haplotype 3 (77%) was detected as the common haplotype for Barred rainbowfishes at the Mamberamo River of Western New Guinea.
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