Serum leptin and ghrelin levels were investigated in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome before and during continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) treatment and compared with ...body mass index (BMI)-matched controls without OSA. Male patients (n=30) with OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index=58+/-16, BMI=32.6+/-5.3 kg x m(-2)) underwent CPAP treatment. Fasting leptin and ghrelin were measured at baseline and 2 days, and in the case of leptin 2 months after initiation of treatment. Baseline plasma ghrelin levels were significantly higher in OSA patients than in controls. After 2 days of CPAP treatment, plasma ghrelin decreased in almost all OSA patients (n=9) to levels that were only slightly higher than those of controls (n=9). Leptin levels did not change significantly from baseline after 2 days of CPAP treatment, but were higher than in the control group. After 8 weeks, leptin levels decreased significantly, although the BMI of the patients showed no change. The decrease in leptin levels was more pronounced in patients with a BMI <30 kg x m(-2). These data indicate that the elevated leptin and ghrelin levels are not determined by obesity alone, since they rapidly decreased during continuous positive airways pressure therapy.
Several strategies have been investigated to improve the 4% survival advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this investigator-initiated study we ...aimed to evaluate the predictive utility of the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) as assessed in resected tumor.
Seven hundred and seventy-three completely resected stage II-III NSCLC patients were enrolled and randomly assigned in each of the four genomic subgroups to investigator’s choice of platinum-based chemotherapy (C, n = 389) or tailored chemotherapy (T, n = 384). All anticancer drugs were administered according to standard doses and schedules. Stratification factors included stage and smoking status. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS).
Six hundred and ninety patients were included in the primary analysis. At a median follow-up of 45.9 months, 85 (24.6%) and 70 (20.3%) patients died in arms C and T, respectively. Five-year survival for patients in arms C and T was of 65.4% (95% CI (confidence interval): 58.5% to 71.4%) and 72.9% (95% CI: 66.5% to 78.3%), respectively. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.56-1.06, P value: 0.109) for arm T versus arm C. HR for recurrence-free survival was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.69-1.14, P value: 0.341) for arm T versus arm C. Grade 3-5 toxicities were more frequently reported in arm C than in arm T.
In completely resected stage II-III NSCLC tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy conferred a non-statistically significant trend for OS favoring the T arm. In terms of safety, the T arm was associated with better efficacy/toxicity ratio related to the different therapeutic choices in the experimental arm.
•Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy is accepted as standard of care in stage II and III (NSCLC) patients.•Several studies addressed the question of whether molecular tumor markers may serve as predictive biomarkers.•ITACA was planned to evaluate the predictive utility of ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression levels in completely resected NSCLC.•ITACA results indicate that adjuvant chemotherapy customization based on ERCC1 and TS mRNA levels did not improve efficacy.•In terms of safety, the pharmacogenomic-driven arm was associated with better efficacy/toxicity ratio.
BACKGROUND
The manufacturers of permanent injectable fillers claim that their products are widely inert, biocompatible, atoxic, and nonimmunogenic. There are polymer gels without microparticles on ...the market and combination products that use collagen suspension or a hyaluronic acid gel as a vector to which polymer microspheres or polygonal particles are added. The filling effect of the polymer gels is based on the volume injected and, for the combination gels, partly on the volume injected and partly on the intended host foreign–body reaction to the microparticles. Foreign body reactions that are seen as inflammatory, sometimes disfiguring, nodules may develop years later at the injection sites.
OBJECTIVES
Permanent fillers differ with respect to composition and chemical and biological characteristics. There have been reports that intend to explain how host tissue reacts with different permanent fillers and how adverse reactions differ depending on the filler used. The changes that some of the permanent fillers undergo during years of residence in human tissue have not been included in this discussion. These structural changes may be one of the reasons why adverse reactions to permanent fillers occur clinically with a delay of several years.
METHODS
In a series of 10 patients who had been injected with a permanent filler of hydroxymethylmethacrylate and ethylmethacrylate (40%) in hyaluronic acid gel (60%) and had developed adverse reactions with inflammatory nodules after variable time elapsed, biopsies could be obtained for histologic and electron microscopic examinations.
RESULTS
After 2 years in all specimens, changes of degradation of the filler material could be detected. Bacteria were not found in any of the specimen. In 40% of the particles, the size of the particles did not correspond to the size declared by the manufacturer (45–65 μm) and was smaller, thus being more susceptible to phagocytosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Inflammatory nodules due to adverse reactions to permanent fillers containing microparticles with a hydrophobic surface were treated with good results with a regimen of allopurinol and intralesional injections with a mixture of fluorouracil and low‐dose triamcinolon.
Small molecule drugs target many core metabolic enzymes in humans and pathogens, often mimicking endogenous ligands. The effects may be therapeutic or toxic, but are frequently unexpected. A ...large-scale mapping of the intersection between drugs and metabolism is needed to better guide drug discovery. To map the intersection between drugs and metabolism, we have grouped drugs and metabolites by their associated targets and enzymes using ligand-based set signatures created to quantify their degree of similarity in chemical space. The results reveal the chemical space that has been explored for metabolic targets, where successful drugs have been found, and what novel territory remains. To aid other researchers in their drug discovery efforts, we have created an online resource of interactive maps linking drugs to metabolism. These maps predict the "effect space" comprising likely target enzymes for each of the 246 MDDR drug classes in humans. The online resource also provides species-specific interactive drug-metabolism maps for each of the 385 model organisms and pathogens in the BioCyc database collection. Chemical similarity links between drugs and metabolites predict potential toxicity, suggest routes of metabolism, and reveal drug polypharmacology. The metabolic maps enable interactive navigation of the vast biological data on potential metabolic drug targets and the drug chemistry currently available to prosecute those targets. Thus, this work provides a large-scale approach to ligand-based prediction of drug action in small molecule metabolism.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Weeds cause losses between 60 and 80% when not controlled. The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of contact control technology, using rollers on the application tips with ...different coating materials. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications, with ten treatments as follows: Witness without control; roll coated with polyethylene sponge applying a syrup with ½; 1 x; 1.5x and 2.0x doses of glyphosate herbicides, with the recommended doses 1500 g kg-1 glyphosate and 400 g L-1 clethodim; roll covered with wool sponge applying a syrup with ½; 1 x; 1.5x and 2.0x doses of glyphosate herbicides, with the recommended doses 1500 g kg-1 glyphosate and 400 g L-1 clethodim; roller coated with synthetic acrylic wool sponge, applying syrup with ½; 1 x; 1.5x and 2.0x doses of glyphosate herbicides, with the recommended doses 1500 g kg-1 glyphosate and 400 g L-1 clethodim and by application with a 20 L hand sprayer. polyethylene sponge, wool roll and synthetic wool roll. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the area next to the UFMT / Sinop Campus in Sinop - MT. The vegetative evaluations of the R1 crop were performed by determining the plant height, chlorophyll index (chlorophyllG®), leaf area, shoot dry mass and at the end the yield variables. Due to the late weed control there was no difference between treatments on vegetative growth as well as on soybean crop yield. There was no perception of injury to soybean crop with the application of treatments.
Current status of surgery in dermatology Hanke, C. William, MD; Moy, Ronald L., MD; Roenigk, Randall K., MD ...
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology,
12/2013, Letnik:
69, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
An article titled “Current issues in dermatologic office-based surgery” was published in the JAAD in October 1999 (volume 41, issue 4, pp. 624-634). The article was developed by the Joint American ...Academy of Dermatology/American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Liaison Committee. A number of subjects were addressed in the article including surgical training program requirements for dermatology residents and selected advances in dermatologic surgery that had been pioneered by dermatologists. The article concluded with sections on credentialing, privileging, and accreditation of office-based surgical facilities. Much has changed since 1999, including more stringent requirements for surgical training during dermatology residency, and the establishment of 57 accredited Procedural Dermatology Fellowship Training Programs. All of these changes have been overseen and approved by the Residency Review Committee for Dermatology and the Accreditation Committee for Graduate Medical Education. The fertile academic environment of academic training programs with interaction between established dermatologic surgeons and fellows, as well as the inquisitive nature of many of our colleagues, has led to the numerous major advances in dermatologic surgery, which are described herein. Learning objectives Dermatologists have been responsible for multiple advances and refinements in dermatologic office-based surgery over many decades. Dermatologists receive extensive training in office-based surgical procedures during residency, fellowships, and continuing medical education courses. The last update on this subject appeared in the Journal in 1999. This article will document the multitude of advances that have occurred since 1999.
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