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•DOCA-salt hypertension promotes loss of the anticontractile effect of mPVAT in resistance arteries.•EWH prevents the mPVAT damage caused by DOCA-salt hypertension.•EWH modulates RAS ...axis and reduces redox balance and inflammatory state in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular tonus with an anticontractile effect, which may be dysfunctional in hypertension. An Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH), a bioactive food, restores endothelium dysfunction and reduces blood pressure levels in malignant hypertension. We aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with EWH interferes with the PVAT function in the mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) of DOCA-salt hypertensive animals and the mechanisms involved. Male rats were divided into 4 groups and treated for 8 weeks. For 4 weeks, DOCA-salt or vehicle-treated rats (SHAM) were induced, and after that, some rats were co-treated with DOCA-salt or vehicle plus EWH (1 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks more. MRA and/or their PVAT (mPVAT) were used for functional, molecular, and biochemical analysis. The anticontractile effect of mPVAT in response to norepinephrine (NE) was observed only in MRA rings with PVAT of the SHAM group, while this effect was abolished in DOCA-salt rings. The EWH treatment did not change the anticontractile effect of mPVAT in SHAM but partially restored it in DOCA-salt rats. Acute aliskiren incubation reduced NE-induced contraction only in MRA with PVAT of DOCA-salt rats. EWH prevented the overactivation of the renin levels and ACE activity in mPVAT of DOCA-salt rats; while did not change AT1R expression, but increased AT2R expression. In mPVAT, EWH blocked the increase of MDA, ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in DOCA-salt rats. EWH improved PVAT dysfunction in MRA of severe hypertension. This beneficial effect could be mediated by an ameliorated redox balance, inflammatory state, and RAS axis.
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•EWH pretreatment prevents the SBP increase and vascular dysfunction caused by Cd.•EWH pretreatment prevented the increase of oxidative stress caused by Cd in MRA.•EWH pretreatment ...prevents the increase of pro-inflammatory markers induced by Cd.•EWH pretreatment protects MRA from Caspase-3 activation, an apoptotic protease.
We investigated whether pretreatment with an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) protects the cardiovascular system, especially the resistance vessels, from damage promoted by Cd exposure at high levels. Male Wistar rats, divided into groups: 1) Control – tap water by gavage + distilled water i.p. (28 days); 2) Cd – tap water (28 days) + CdCl2 1 mg/kg i.p. (last 14 days); 3) EWH 1 mg/kg/day by gavage + distilled water i.p. (28 days); 4) EWHCd – EWH (first 14 days) and CdCl2 i.p. + EWH (last 14 days). EWH pretreatment protected against vascular damage occurring in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) after exposure to elevated Cd levels by reducing the increased vascular contractile response. Pretreatment with EWH maintained SBP at control levels, protected against increased oxidative stress through NOX1 pathway, prevented triggering of inflammatory cascades (COX-2, TNFα, NF-κB), and protected MRA from Caspase-3 activation induced by Cd, an important apoptotic protease.
We investigated the antioxidant protective power of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) against the vascular damage induced by mercury chloride (HgCl
) exposure in resistance arteries.
Male Wistar rats ...received for 60 days: (I) intramuscular injections (i.m.) of saline and tap water by gavage - Untreated group; (II) 4.6 μg/kg of HgCl
i.m. for the first dose and subsequent doses of 0.07 μg/kg/day and tap water by gavage - HgCl
group; (III) saline i.m. and 1 g/kg/day of EWH by gavage - EWH group, or (IV) the combination of the HgCl
i.m. and EWH by gavage - EWH + HgCl
group. Blood pressure (BP) was indirectly measured and dose-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and noradrenaline (NE) were assessed in mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA), as
production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide (NO) release, vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status.
Egg white hydrolysate prevented the elevation in BP and the vascular dysfunction after HgCl
exposure; restored the NO-mediated endothelial modulation and inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways induced by HgCl
.
Egg white hydrolysate seems to be a useful functional food to prevent HgCl
-induced vascular toxic effects in MRA.
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•Cd exposure strongly compromises sperm quality and daily sperm production.•EWH reduces Cd deposition in male reproductive organs.•EWH beneficial effects is related to its antioxidant ...capacity.•EWH could be a natural alternative to protect the male reproductive system against Cd-induced toxicity.
Here, we investigated the ability of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) to counteract the reproductive toxic effects induced by Cd in rats. 3-month-old male Wistar rats were treated for 14 days: (a) Untreated group (distilled water i.p.); (b) Cd group (CdCl2 at 1 mg/kg body weight i.p.); (c) EWH group (1 g/kg body weight/day per gavage); (d) CdEWH group (CdCl2 with EWH). Cd exposure was able to be accumulated in testis and epididymis, increasing oxidative stress and compromising sperm quality and daily sperm production. Co-treatment with EWH prevented increased deposition of Cd in testis (Untreated: 0.04 ± 0.02; Cd: 4.68 ± 1.03*; EWH: 0.01 ± 0.00; CdEWH: 1.85 ± 0.25# μg Cd/g dry tissue p < 0.05; *vs Untreated; #vs Cd), prevented reduction of sperm motility and the increased oxidative stress. Therefore, EWH could represent a powerful natural alternative to protect the male reproductive system against Cd-induced toxicity.
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•Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) prevent hypertension induced by Cd.•EWH improves vascular dysfunction induced by Cd.•COX-2, Ang II, ACE and oxidative stress are involved in beneficial ...effects of EWH.•EWH improves Cd toxic effect by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
We have investigated if EWH could counteract or prevent cardiovascular damage induced by high level of Cd exposure in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated for 14 days with: (A) Untreated - intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of distilled water and tap water by gavage; (B) Cd − 1 mg/kg of bw/day of CdCl2 (i.p.) and tap water by gavage; (C) EWH – distilled water (i.p.) and 1 mg/kg/day of EWH by gavage; (D) CdEWH – both treatments. EWH prevented the increase on systolic blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation after Cd exposure; prevent the activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its derived contractile protanoids, inhibits angiotensin II by the reduction of ACE activity and prevents the increased oxidative stress mainly mediated by NADPH oxidase. Multifunctional EWH could be considered as a natural alternative therapy to counteract the deleterious effects caused by high level of Cd exposure.
Aluminum (Al) is a non-essential metal omnipresent in human life and is considered an environmental toxicant. Al increases reactive oxygen production and triggers immune responses, contributing to ...chronic systemic inflammation development. Here, we have tested whether an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) with potential bioactive properties can protect against changes in reproductive function in rats exposed to long-term Al dietary levels at high and low doses. Male Wistar rats received orally: low aluminum level group-AlCl
at 8.3 mg/kg b.w. for 60 days with or without EWH (1 g/kg/day); high aluminum level group-AlCl
at 100 mg/kg b.w. for 42 days with or without EWH (1 g/kg/day). The co-administration of EWH prevented the increased Al deposition surrounding the germinative cells, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the reproductive organs. Furthermore, the daily supplementation with EWH maintained sperm production and sperm quality similar to those found in control animals, even after Al exposure at a high dietary contamination level. Altogether, our results suggest that EWH could be used as a protective agent against impairment in the reproductive system produced after long-term exposure to Al at low or high human dietary levels.
This study aimed to evaluate the potential for lowering blood pressure and beneficial effects on mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) and conductance vessels (aorta) produced by dietary ...supplementation of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) in rats with severe hypertension induced by deoxycorticosterone plus salt treatment (DOCA-salt), as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. The DOCA-salt model presented higher blood pressure, which was significantly reduced by EWH. The impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation and eNOS expression observed in MRA and aorta from DOCA-salt rats was ameliorated by EWH. This effect on vessels (MRA and aorta) was related to the antioxidant effect of EWH, since hydrolysate intake prevented the NF-κB/TNFα inflammatory pathway and NADPH oxidase-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as the mitochondrial source of ROS in MRA. At the plasma level, EWH blocked the higher ROS and MDA generation by DOCA-salt treatment, without altering the antioxidant marker. In conclusion, EWH demonstrated an antihypertensive effect in a model of severe hypertension. This effect could be related to its endothelium-dependent vasodilator properties mediated by an ameliorated vessel’s redox imbalance and inflammatory state.
To determine whether different levels of CPAP improve the lung volumes and capacities of healthy subjects immersed in water.
This was a randomized clinical trial, conducted between April and June of ...2016, involving healthy female volunteers who were using oral contraceptives. Three 20-min immersion protocols were applied: control (no CPAP); CPAP5 (CPAP at 5 cmH2O); and CPAP10 (CPAP at 10 cmH2O). We evaluated HR, SpO2, FVC, FEV1, the FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and FEF25-75%) at three time points: pre-immersion; 10 min after immersion; and 10 min after the end of each protocol.
We evaluated 13 healthy volunteers. The CPAP10 protocol reversed the restrictive pattern of lung function induced by immersion in water, maintaining pulmonary volumes and capacities for a longer period than did the CPAP5 protocol.
When the hemodynamic change causing a persistent lung disorder, only the application of higher positive pressures is effective in maintaining long-term improvements in the pulmonary profile.
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•Exposure to 1 mg/kg of Cd for 14 days induced hypertension•Exposure to 1 mg/kg of Cd for 14 days induced vascular dysfunction in MRA and aorta.•All vascular changes were accompanied ...by an increased ROS production•Cd exposure activates NADPH oxidase, RAS and COX-2 pathway
Exposure to high concentrations of cadmium (Cd), widely used in many industries and found in air, food and contaminated water, is not uncommon. Cd damages the cardiovascular system, but the vascular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. This study investigated the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular damage after exposure to high Cd concentrations. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally for 14 days with distilled water (Untreated group) or 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride (Cd group). We investigated the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and vascular reactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) and the aorta by analysing contractile and relaxation responses in the absence and presence of the endothelium; we also evaluated pathways involved in vascular tone regulation. Superoxide anion production, COX-2 protein expression and in situ detection of COX-2, AT-1, and NOX-1 were evaluated. Oxidative status, creatinine level and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in plasma were also evaluated. Fourteen-day exposure to a high Cd concentration induced hypertension associated with vascular dysfunction in MRA and the aorta. In both vessels, there was increased participation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and NOX1. MRA also presented endothelial dysfunction, denoted by impaired acetylcholine-mediated relaxation. All vascular changes were accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species production and COX2, NOX1 and AT1 receptor expression in vascular tissue. Overall, high Cd concentrations induced cardiovascular damage: hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage in conductance and resistance arteries, NADPH oxidase, renin–angiotensin system and COX2 pathway activation.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) to protect white adipose tissue damage from cardiometabolic changes induced by severe hypertension. Male ...Wistar rats were uninephrectomised and divided: SHAM (weekly subcutaneous vehicle (mineral oil + propylene glycol, 1:1)), SHAM + EWH (subcutaneous vehicle plus EWH via gavage, 1 g/kg per day), DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate diluted in vehicle subcutaneously weekly in subsequent doses of 20 mg/kg -1st week, 12 mg/kg - 2–3th week, and 6 mg/kg -4–8th week, respectively, plus 1 % NaCl and 0·2 % KCl in drinking water), and DOCA + EWH. Body weight gain, food and water intake, glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated. Oxidative stress was assessed by biochemical assay and immunofluorescence for NOX-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and caspase-3 in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rtWAT). Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and 1β), CD163+ macrophage infiltration, and immunohistochemistry for TNFα and uncoupling protein-1 were evaluated, as well as histological analysis on rtWAT. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase were also determined in plasma. EWH showed hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties in the arterial hypertension DOCA-salt model. The results demonstrated the presence of functional changes in adipose tissue function by a decrease in macrophage infiltration and in the fluorescence intensity of NFκB, NOX-1, and caspase-3. A reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and restoration of antioxidant enzymatic activity and mitochondrial oxidative damage by reducing uncoupling protein-1 fluorescence intensity were also observed. EWH could be used as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cardiometabolic complications associated with malignant secondary arterial hypertension.
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