Focuses on the problem in labeling children "at risk" because it may be detrimental to their futures. Provides examples of two middle school social studies teachers who have adapted their teaching to ...meet the needs of all classroom learners by getting to know each student personally. (CMK)
Outlines the response of public agencies to the Asian immigrant community in Dallas, Texas, and problems that exist for these immigrants. Relates the story of the creation of the "Blue Dragons" ...Explorer Post that provides social support and service opportunities for Asian-American teens. Includes suggestions for educators from "Blue Dragon" members. (DSK)
Recommends using historical artifacts as a means of illustrating social science concepts and involving students in the learning process. Suggests several ways artifacts can be used: considering their ...original function and value, making cross-cultural comparisons of similar objects, and investigating how objects change over time. (MJP)
We have demonstrated a facile infiltration process, in which gold nanoparticles are assembled into block copolymer brushes. After solvent annealing, the polymer-covered nanoparticles are either ...sequestered into the corresponding block copolymer domain or expulsed from the brush, depending on the shell density of the nanoparticles.
The proximal DNA damage response kinase ATM is frequently inactivated in human malignancies. Germline mutations in the ATM gene cause Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), characterized by cerebellar ataxia ...and cancer predisposition. Whether ATM deficiency impacts on tumor initiation or also on the maintenance of the malignant state is unclear. Here, we show that Atm reactivation in initially Atm-deficient B- and T cell lymphomas induces tumor regression. We further find a reduced T cell abundance in B cell lymphomas from Atm-defective mice and A-T patients. Using T cell-specific Atm-knockout models, as well as allogeneic transplantation experiments, we pinpoint impaired immune surveillance as a contributor to cancer predisposition and development. Moreover, we demonstrate that Atm-deficient T cells display impaired proliferation capacity upon stimulation, due to replication stress. Altogether, our data indicate that T cell-specific restoration of ATM activity or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may prevent lymphomagenesis in A-T patients.
Summary
This trial explored the efficacy of re‐induction chemotherapy including bortezomib in paediatric relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Patients were randomized 1:1 to bortezomib ...(1.3 mg/m2/dose) administered early or late to a dexamethasone and vincristine backbone. Both groups did not differ regarding peripheral blast count on day 8, the primary endpoint. After cycle 1, 8 of 25 (32%) patients achieved complete remission with incomplete blood count recovery, 7 (28%) a partial remission and 10 had treatment failure. Most common grade 3–4 toxicities were febrile neutropenia (31%) and pain (17%). Bortezomib was safely combined with vincristine. Bortezomib rarely penetrated the cerebrospinal fluid.
This study used cell culture and molecular techniques to identify the infectious agent associated with SARS. A novel coronavirus was found in multiple samples from 18 patients but in no specimens ...from control subjects. In the patients there were high concentrations of viral RNA in sputum, a finding consistent with a highly infectious agent. Low concentrations of viral RNA were also detected in stool.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was recently identified as a new clinical entity.
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Patients present with fever, dry cough, dyspnea, headache, and hypoxemia. Typical laboratory findings are lymphopenia and mildly elevated aminotransferase levels. Death may result from progressive respiratory failure due to alveolar damage.
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SARS appears to be caused by an unknown infectious agent that is transmitted from human to human. The World Health Organization (WHO) had recorded 2353 cases by April 4, 2003. About 4 percent of patients with SARS have died.
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The SARS epidemic started in Asia, with the majority of cases occurring in China and . . .
Endoxifen is one of the most important metabolites of the prodrug tamoxifen. High interindividual variability in endoxifen steady‐state concentrations (CSS,min ENDX) is observed under tamoxifen ...standard dosing and patients with breast cancer who do not reach endoxifen concentrations above a proposed therapeutic threshold of 5.97 ng/mL may be at a 26% higher recurrence risk compared with patients with endoxifen concentrations exceeding this value. In this investigation, 10 clinical tamoxifen studies were pooled (1,388 patients) to investigate influential factors on CSS,min ENDX using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Age and body weight were found to significantly impact CSS,min ENDX in addition to CYP2D6 phenotype. Compared with postmenopausal patients, premenopausal patients had a 30% higher risk for subtarget CSS,min ENDX at tamoxifen 20 mg per day. In treatment simulations for distinct patient subpopulations, young overweight patients had a 3.1–13.8‐fold higher risk for subtarget CSS,min ENDX compared with elderly low‐weight patients. Considering ever‐rising obesity rates and the clinical importance of tamoxifen for premenopausal patients, this subpopulation may benefit most from individualized tamoxifen dosing.
Summary Background Surgical navigation requires registration of the pre-operative image dataset with the patient in the operation theatre. Various marker and marker-free registration techniques are ...available, each bearing an individual level of precision and clinical practicability. In this study the precision of four different registration methods in a maxillofacial surgical setting is analyzed. Materials and methods A synthetic full size human skull model was registered with its computer tomography-dataset using (a) a dentally mounted occlusal splint, (b) the laser surface scanning, (c) five facial bone implants and (d) a combination of dental splint and two orbital bone implants. The target registration error was computed for 170 landmarks spread over the entire viscero- and neurocranium in 10 repeats using the VectorVision2® (BrainLAB AG, Heimstetten, Germany) navigation system. Statistical and graphical analyses were performed by anatomical region. Results An average precision of 1 mm was found for the periorbital region irrespective of registration method (range 0.6–1.1 mm). Beyond the mid-face, precision linearly decreases with the distance from the reference markers. The combination of splint with two orbital bone markers significantly improved precision from 1.3 to 0.8 mm ( p < 0.001) on the viscerocranium and 2.3–1.2 mm ( p < 0.001) on the neurocranium. Conclusions An occlusal splint alone yields poor precision for navigation beyond the mid-face. The precision can be increased by combining an occlusal splint with just two bone implants inserted percutaneously on the lateral orbital rim of each side.
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