We present the results of searches for nucleon decay via n→νover ¯π0 and p→νover ¯π+ using data from a combined 172.8 kt·yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande-I,-II, and-III. We set lower limits on the ...partial lifetime for each of these modes: τn→νover ¯π0>1.1×10(33) years and τp→νover ¯π+>3.9×10(32) years at a 90% confidence level.
Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data were fit with an unbinned maximum likelihood method to search for the appearance of tau leptons resulting from the interactions of oscillation-generated tau ...neutrinos in the detector. Relative to the expectation of unity, the tau normalization is found to be 1.42 ± 0.35(stat)(-0.12)(+0.14)(syst) excluding the no-tau-appearance hypothesis, for which the normalization would be zero, at the 3.8σ level. We estimate that 180.1 ± 44.3(stat)(-15.2)(+17.8) (syst) tau leptons were produced in the 22.5 kton fiducial volume of the detector by tau neutrinos during the 2806 day running period. In future analyses, this large sample of selected tau events will allow the study of charged current tau neutrino interaction physics with oscillation produced tau neutrinos.
Abstract
Objective
Reaction time is a common deficit following concussion, making its evaluation critical during return-to-play protocol. Without proper evaluation, an athlete may return-to-play ...prematurely, putting them at risk of further injury. Although often assessed, we propose that current clinical testing may not be challenging enough to detect lingering deficits. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine reaction time in concussed individuals three times over a 30-day period through the use of a novel reaction time device consisting of simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tasks.
Methods
Twenty-three concussed subjects completed simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tests at three different timepoints: within 7-, 14-, and 30-days of injury, and 21 healthy controls completed the three reaction time tasks during a single session.
Results
Independent t-tests revealed that for the simple reaction time task, concussed participants were only significantly slower at session 1 (p = .002) when compared to controls. Complex reaction time task results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower at session 1 (p = .0002), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .002). Go/no-go results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower than controls at session 1 (p = .003), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .001).
Conclusions
Concussed individuals display prolonged reaction time deficits beyond the acute phase of injury, illustrated using increasingly complex tasks.
Muon neutrino disappearance probability as a function of neutrino flight length L over neutrino energy E was studied. A dip in the L/E distribution was observed in the data, as predicted from the ...sinusoidal flavor transition probability of neutrino oscillation. The observed L/E distribution constrained nu(micro)<-->nu(tau) neutrino oscillation parameters; 1.9x10(-3)<Deltam(2)<3.0x10(-3) eV(2) and sin((2)2theta>0.90 at 90% confidence level.
Abstract
We present the analysis of X-ray and optical observations of gas filaments observed in the radio source 3CR 318.1, associated with NGC 5920, the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of MKW 3 s, a ...nearby cool core galaxy cluster. This work is one of the first X-ray and optical analyses of filaments in cool core clusters carried out using MUSE observations. We aim at identifying the main excitation processes responsible for the emission arising from these filaments. We complemented the optical VLT/MUSE observations, tracing the colder gas phase, with X-ray Chandra observations of the hotter highly ionized gas phase. Using the MUSE observations, we studied the emission line intensity ratios along the filaments to constrain the physical processes driving the excitation, and, using the Chandra observations, we carried out a spectral analysis of the gas along these filaments. We found a spatial association between the X-ray and optical morphology of these filaments, which are colder and have lower metal abundance than the surrounding intracluster medium (ICM), as already seen in other BCGs. Comparing with previous results from the literature for other BCGs, we propose that the excitation process that is most likely responsible for these filaments emission is a combination of star formation and shocks, with a likely contribution from self-ionizing, cooling ICM. Additionally, we conclude that the filaments most likely originated from AGN-driven outflows in the direction of the radio jet.
We present the result of an indirect search for high energy neutrinos from Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) annihilation in the Sun using upward-going muon (upmu) events at ...Super-Kamiokande. Data sets from SKI-SKIII (3109.6 days) were used for the analysis. We looked for an excess of neutrino signal from the Sun as compared with the expected atmospheric neutrino background in three upmu categories: stopping, non-showering, and showering. No significant excess was observed. The 90% C.L. upper limits of upmu flux induced by WIMPs of 100 GeV c-2 were 6.4 X 10--15 cm--2 s--1 and 4.0 X 10--15 cm--2 s--1 for the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively. These limits correspond to upper limits of 4.5 X 10--39 cm--2 and 2.7 X 10--40 cm--2 for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in the soft and hard annihilation channels, respectively.
Search results for nucleon decays p→e^{+}X, p→μ^{+}X, n→νγ (where X is an invisible, massless particle) as well as dinucleon decays np→e^{+}ν, np→μ^{+}ν, and np→τ^{+}ν in the Super-Kamiokande ...experiment are presented. Using single-ring data from an exposure of 273.4 kton·yr, a search for these decays yields a result consistent with no signal. Accordingly, lower limits on the partial lifetimes of τ_{p→e^{+}X}>7.9×10^{32} yr, τ_{p→μ^{+}X}>4.1×10^{32} yr, τ_{n→νγ}>5.5×10^{32} yr, τ_{np→e^{+}ν}>2.6×10^{32} yr, τ_{np→μ^{+}ν}>2.2×10^{32} yr, and τ_{np→τ^{+}ν}>2.9×10^{31} yr at a 90% confidence level are obtained. Some of these searches are novel.
New data from the T2K neutrino oscillation experiment produce the most precise measurement of the neutrino mixing parameter theta_{23}. Using an off-axis neutrino beam with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV ...and a data set corresponding to 6.57 x 10^{20} protons on target, T2K has fit the energy-dependent nu_mu oscillation probability to determine oscillation parameters. Marginalizing over the values of other oscillation parameters yields sin^2 (theta_{23}) = 0.514 +0.055/-0.056 (0.511 +- 0.055), assuming normal (inverted) mass hierarchy. The best-fit mass-squared splitting for normal hierarchy is Delta m^2_{32} = 2.51 +- 0.10 x 10^{-3} eV^2/c^4 (inverted hierarchy: Delta m^2_{13} = 2.48 +- 0.10 x 10^{-3} eV^2/c^4). Adding a model of multinucleon interactions that affect neutrino energy reconstruction is found to produce only small biases in neutrino oscillation parameter extraction at current levels of statistical uncertainty.
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