Equipping an experiment at FCC-ee with particle identification (PID) capabilities, in particular the ability to distinguish between hadron species, would bring great benefits to the physics ...programme. Good PID is essential for precise studies in quark flavour physics and is also a great asset for many measurements in tau, top, and Higgs physics. The requirements placed by flavour physics and these other applications are surveyed, with an emphasis on the momentum range over which PID is necessary. Possible solutions are discussed, including classical RICH counters, time-of-flight systems, and d
E
/d
x
and cluster counting. Attention is paid to the impact on the global detector design that including PID capabilities would imply.
In recent years charm physics has undergone a renaissance, which has been catalyzed by an unexpected and impressive set of experimental results from the
B
factories, the Tevatron, and LHCb. The ...existence of
oscillations is now well established, and the recent discovery of
CP
violation in
D
0
decays has further renewed interest in the charm sector. In this article, we review the current status of charm-mixing and
CP
-violation measurements and assess their agreement with theoretical predictions within the Standard Model and beyond. We look forward to the great improvements in experimental precision that can be expected over the coming two decades and to the prospects for corresponding advances in theoretical understanding.
Active warming during surgery prevents perioperative hypothermia but the effectiveness and postoperative infection rates may differ between warming technologies.
To establish the recruitment and data ...management strategies needed for a full trial comparing postoperative infection rates associated with forced air warming (FAW) versus resistive fabric warming (RFW) in patients aged >65 years undergoing hemiarthroplasty following fractured neck of femur.
Participants were randomized 1:1 in permuted blocks to FAW or RFW. Hypothermia was defined as a temperature of <36°C at the end of surgery. Primary outcomes were the number of participants recruited and the number with definitive deep surgical site infections.
A total of 515 participants were randomized at six sites over a period of 18 months. Follow-up was completed for 70.1%. Thirty-seven participants were hypothermic (7.5% in the FAW group; 9.7% in the RFW group). The mean temperatures before anaesthesia and at the end of surgery were similar. For the primary clinical outcome, there were four deep surgical site infections in the FAW group and three in the RFW group. All participants who developed a postoperative infection had antibiotic prophylaxis, a cemented prosthesis, and were operated under laminar airflow; none was hypothermic. There were no serious adverse events related to warming.
Surgical site infections were identified in both groups. Progression from the pilot to the full trial is possible but will need to take account of the high attrition rate.
The abundant production of beauty and charm hadrons in the
5
×
10
12
Z
0
decays expected at FCC-ee offers outstanding opportunities in flavour physics that in general exceed those available at Belle ...II and are complementary to the heavy-flavour programme of the LHC. A wide range of measurements will be possible in heavy-flavour spectroscopy, rare decays of heavy-flavoured particles and
C
P
-violation studies, which will benefit from the low-background experimental environment, the high Lorentz boost and the availability of the full spectrum of hadron species. This essay first surveys the important questions in heavy-flavour physics and assesses the likely theoretical and experimental landscape at the turn-on of FCC-ee. From this certain, measurements are identified where the impact of FCC-ee will be particularly important. A full exploitation of the heavy-flavour potential of FCC-ee places specific constraints and challenges on detector design, which in some cases are in tension with those imposed by the other physics goals of the facility. These requirements and conflicts are discussed.
A binning scheme is proposed for D→K+π−π−π+ phase space that will improve the sensitivity of a B−→DK− analysis to the angle γ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Unitarity Triangle. The scheme makes use ...of amplitude models recently reported by the LHCb collaboration. Assuming that a four-bin scheme optimised on the models retains a similar sensitivity when applied in data, it is estimated that the statistical uncertainty on γ from the B-meson sample so far collected by the LHCb experiment will be as low as 5 degrees. This will be one of the most precise results available for any single decay mode in a B−→DK− measurement. Quantum-correlated DD¯ data accumulated by the CLEO-c experiment are analysed to provide first constraints on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences in the four bins, which are necessary inputs for the measurement. These constraints are compared with the predictions of the model, and consequences for the measurement of γ are discussed.
This article aims to understand the relationship between basic needs satisfaction, self-determined motivation, and burnout in esports players. To achieve this, we investigate three research ...hypotheses: (1) The three dimensions of basic needs satisfaction have a positive effect on the self-determined motivation of esports players, (2) The self-determined motivation of esports players has a negative effect on their burnout, and (3) All three dimensions of basic needs satisfaction affect esports player’s burnout, indirectly via self-determined motivation. Data were collected through an online questionnaire (n = 608) administered to Korean esports players who play online games as a leisure activity. Results indicate that player competence has a negative relationship with self-determined motivation, suggesting that Korean players do not associate increased levels of competence with their intrinsic motivation. The results show that intrinsic motivation is negatively associated with burnout, particularly exhaustion and reduced sense of accomplishment. It should be noted that Korean players’ high level of competence can result in reduced levels of self-determined motivation, which can lead them to burnout. This should be addressed by the industry, practitioners, and researchers considering the cultural context and the relationship between the factors, which will contribute to the sustainable growth and prosperity of the esports.
This paper measures the impact of different workers in a production process dependent on their expected productivity. Using the setting of professional football, expected productivity is measured ...from the transfer fees paid to acquire players. It shows that the most expensive players tend to have the largest impact on the game whereas the least expensive players have little impact. The findings support superstar theories rather than O-ring theory. We also find that the optimal spending distribution is more skewed than the observed distribution suggesting some constraint in the market for superstars.
After considering the challenges of Cherenkov ring finding in High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments we review two common approaches to this problem: likelihood methods and Hough Transform algorithms. ...We conclude by considering some more exotic techniques.
Paths for All’s 8-week online Workplace Step Count Challenge (SCC) is a flagship program of Scotland’s National Walking Strategy. The aim of this study was to examine changes in step counts ...throughout the duration of the SCC, across four years of delivery. Participants were those who registered for the 2015–2018 SCCs, and reported demographic data at registration. Participants self-reported their device-measured step count for each day of the SCC. Following data screening, mean daily steps for each week were calculated. Linear mixed models (R nlme procedure), controlling for the within subject nature of the step count measure, were used to explore changes in steps over time. Gender and age group (<45 years; ≥45 years) were entered into a subsequent model. Separate models were created for each year of the SCC and for all years combined. Participants (n = 10,183) were predominantly women (76.8%), aged <45 (54.6%) and ≥45 years. In general, steps increased each week compared to week 1 (p < 0.001), with a significant increase evident at all but seven of 28 data points. Across the four years of SCC, the increase in steps at week 8 compared to week 1 ranged from 506 to 1223 steps per day, making a substantial contribution to the recommended physical activity levels for health. There was no consistent age or gender effect. The findings provide support for the continued investment in such workplace interventions.
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