We explore the cosmological implications of the angle-averaged correlation function, ...(s), and the clustering wedges, ...(s) and ...(s), of the LOWZ and CMASS galaxy samples from Data Releases 10 ...and 11 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. Our results show no significant evidence for a deviation from the standard ... cold dark matter model. The combination of the information from our clustering measurements with recent data from the cosmic microwave background is sufficient to constrain the curvature of the Universe to ...k = 0.0010 ± 0.0029, the total neutrino mass to ... < 0.23 eV (95 per cent confidence level), the effective number of relativistic species to Neff = 3.31 ± 0.27 and the dark energy equation of state to wDE = -1.051 ± 0.076. These limits are further improved by adding information from Type Ia supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations from other samples. In particular, this data set combination is completely consistent with a time-independent dark energy equation of state, in which case we find wDE = -1.024 ± 0.052. We explore the constraints on the growth rate of cosmic structures assuming f(z) = ... and obtain ... = 0.69 ± 0.15, consistent with the predictions of general relativity of ... = 0.55. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
We present an anisotropic analysis of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale in the twelfth and final data release of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We independently analyse ...the LOWZ and CMASS galaxy samples: the LOWZ sample contains 361 762 galaxies with an effective redshift of z
LOWZ = 0.32; the CMASS sample consists of 777 202 galaxies with an effective redshift of z
CMASS = 0.57. We extract the BAO peak position from the monopole power-spectrum moment, α0, and from the μ2 moment, α2, where μ is the cosine of the angle to the line of sight. The μ2-moment provides equivalent information to that available in the quadrupole but is simpler to analyse. After applying a reconstruction algorithm to reduce the BAO suppression by bulk motions, we measure the BAO peak position in the monopole and μ2-moment, which are related to radial and angular shifts in scale. We report H(z
LOWZ)r
s(z
d) = (11.60 ± 0.60) × 103 km s−1 and D
A(z
LOWZ)/r
s(z
d) = 6.66 ± 0.16 with a cross-correlation coefficient of
$r_{HD_{\rm A}}=0.41$
, for the LOWZ sample; and H(z
CMASS)r
s(z
d) = (14.56 ± 0.37) × 103 km s−1 and D
A(z
CMASS)/r
s(z
d) = 9.42 ± 0.13 with a cross-correlation coefficient of
$r_{HD_{\rm A}}=0.47$
, for the CMASS sample. We demonstrate that our results are not affected by the fiducial cosmology assumed for the analysis. We combine these results with the measurements of the BAO peak position in the monopole and quadrupole correlation function of the same data set (Cuesta et al. 2016, companion paper) and report the consensus values: H(z
LOWZ)r
s(z
d) = (11.63 ± 0.69) × 103 km s−1 and D
A(z
LOWZ)/r
s(z
d) = 6.67 ± 0.15 with
$r_{HD_{\rm A}}=0.35$
for the LOWZ sample; H(z
CMASS)r
s(z
d) = (14.67 ± 0.42) × 103 km s−1 and D
A(z
CMASS)/r
s(z
d) = 9.47 ± 0.12 with
$r_{HD_{\rm A}}=0.52$
for the CMASS sample.
We measure and analyse the clustering of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) relative to the line of sight (LOS), for LOWZ and CMASS galaxy samples drawn from the final Data Release ...12. The LOWZ sample contains 361 762 galaxies with an effective redshift of z
lowz = 0.32, and the CMASS sample 777 202 galaxies with an effective redshift of z
cmass = 0.57. From the power spectrum monopole and quadrupole moments around the LOS, we measure the growth of structure parameter f times the amplitude of dark matter density fluctuations σ8 by modelling the redshift-space distortion signal. When the geometrical Alcock–Paczynski effect is also constrained from the same data, we find joint constraints on fσ8, the product of the Hubble constant and the comoving sound horizon at the baryon-drag epoch H(z)r
s(z
d), and the angular distance parameter divided by the sound horizon D
A(z)/r
s(z
d). We find f(z
lowz)σ8(z
lowz) = 0.394 ± 0.062, D
A(z
lowz)/r
s(z
d) = 6.35 ± 0.19, H(z
lowz)r
s(z
d) = (11.41 ± 0.56) 103 km s− 1 for the LOWZ sample, and f(z
cmass)σ8(z
cmass) = 0.444 ± 0.038, D
A(z
cmass)/r
s(z
d) = 9.42 ± 0.15, H(z
cmass)r
s(z
d) = (13.92 ± 0.44) 103 km s− 1 for the CMASS sample. We find general agreement with previous BOSS DR11 measurements. Assuming the Hubble parameter and angular distance parameter are fixed at fiducial Λcold dark matter values, we find f(z
lowz)σ8(z
lowz) = 0.485 ± 0.044 and f(z
cmass)σ8(z
cmass) = 0.436 ± 0.022 for the LOWZ and CMASS samples, respectively.
Abstract Objective To perform long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia cardiac channel postmortem genetic testing (molecular autopsy) for a large cohort of cases of ...autopsy-negative sudden unexplained death (SUD). Methods From September 1, 1998, through October 31, 2010, 173 cases of SUD (106 males; mean ± SD age, 18.4±12.9 years; age range, 1-69 years; 89% white) were referred by medical examiners or coroners for a cardiac channel molecular autopsy. Using polymerase chain reaction, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, and DNA sequencing, a comprehensive mutational analysis of the long QT syndrome susceptibility genes ( KCNQ1 , KCNH2 , SCN5A, KCNE1, and KCNE2 ) and a targeted analysis of the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1–associated gene ( RYR2 ) were conducted. Results Overall, 45 putative pathogenic mutations absent in 400 to 700 controls were identified in 45 autopsy-negative SUD cases (26.0%). Females had a higher yield (26/67 38.8%) than males (19/106 17.9%; P <.005). Among SUD cases with exercise-induced death, the yield trended higher among the 1- to 10-year-olds (8/12 66.7%) compared with the 11- to 20-year-olds (4/27 14.8%; P =.002). In contrast, for those who died during a period of sleep, the 11- to 20-year-olds had a higher yield (9/25 36.0%) than the 1- to 10-year-olds (1/24 4.2%; P =.01). Conclusion Cardiac channel molecular autopsy should be considered in the evaluation of autopsy-negative SUD. Several interesting genotype-phenotype observations may provide insight into the expected yields of postmortem genetic testing for SUD and assist in selecting cases with the greatest potential for mutation discovery and directing genetic testing efforts.
We present distance scale measurements from the baryon acoustic oscillation signal in the constant stellar mass and low-redshift sample samples from the Data Release 12 of the Baryon Oscillation ...Spectroscopic Survey. The total volume probed is 14.5 Gpc3, a 10 per cent increment from Data Release 11. From an analysis of the spherically averaged correlation function, we infer a distance to z = 0.57 of
$D_V(z)r^{\rm fid}_{\rm d}/r_{\rm d} = 2028\pm 21$
Mpc and a distance to z = 0.32 of
$D_V(z)r^{\rm fid}_{\rm d}/r_{\rm d} = 1264\pm 22$
Mpc assuming a cosmology in which
$r^{\rm fid}_{\rm d} = 147.10$
Mpc. From the anisotropic analysis, we find an angular diameter distance to z = 0.57 of
$D_{\rm A}(z)r^{\rm fid}_{\rm d}/r_{\rm d} = 1401\pm 21$
Mpc and a distance to z = 0.32 of 981 ± 20 Mpc, a 1.5 and 2.0 per cent measurement, respectively. The Hubble parameter at z = 0.57 is
$H(z)r_{\rm d}/r^{\rm fid}_{\rm d} = 100.3\pm 3.7$
km s−1 Mpc−1 and its value at z = 0.32 is 79.2 ± 5.6 km s−1 Mpc−1, a 3.7 and 7.1 per cent measurement, respectively. These cosmic distance scale constraints are in excellent agreement with a Λ cold dark matter model with cosmological parameters released by the recent Planck 2015 results.
Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities, particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory and the consequent ...loss of dominant habitat forming species can result in dramatic community phase shifts, such as from coral to macroalgal dominance when tropical fish herbivory decreases, and from algal forests to ‘barrens’ when temperate urchin grazing increases. Here, we propose a novel phase-shift away from macroalgal dominance caused by tropical herbivores extending their range into temperate regions. We argue that this phase shift is facilitated by poleward-flowing boundary currents that are creating ocean warming hotspots around the globe, enabling the range expansion of tropical species and increasing their grazing rates in temperate areas. Overgrazing of temperate macroalgae by tropical herbivorous fishes has already occurred in Japan and the Mediterranean. Emerging evidence suggests similar phenomena are occurring in other temperate regions, with increasing occurrence of tropical fishes on temperate reefs.
The spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) galaxy sample represents the final set of galaxies observed using the original SDSS target selection criteria. We analyse the ...clustering of galaxies within this sample, including both the luminous red galaxy and main samples, and also include the 2-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey data. In total, this sample comprises 893 319 galaxies over 9100 deg2. Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) are observed in power spectra measured for different slices in redshift; this allows us to constrain the distance–redshift relation at multiple epochs. We achieve a distance measure at redshift z= 0.275, of rs(zd)/DV(0.275) = 0.1390 ± 0.0037 (2.7 per cent accuracy), where rs(zd) is the comoving sound horizon at the baryon-drag epoch, DV(z) ≡(1 +z)2D2Acz/H(z)1/3, DA(z) is the angular diameter distance and H(z) is the Hubble parameter. We find an almost independent constraint on the ratio of distances DV(0.35)/DV(0.2) = 1.736 ± 0.065, which is consistent at the 1.1σ level with the best-fitting Λ cold dark matter model obtained when combining our z= 0.275 distance constraint with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 5-year (WMAP5) data. The offset is similar to that found in previous analyses of the SDSS DR5 sample, but the discrepancy is now of lower significance, a change caused by a revised error analysis and a change in the methodology adopted, as well as the addition of more data. Using WMAP5 constraints on Ωbh2 and Ωc h2, and combining our BAO distance measurements with those from the Union supernova sample, places a tight constraint on Ωm= 0.286 ± 0.018 and H0= 68.2 ± 2.2 km s−1 Mpc−1 that is robust to allowing Ωk≠ 0 and w≠−1. This result is independent of the behaviour of dark energy at redshifts greater than those probed by the BAO and supernova measurements. Combining these data sets with the full WMAP5 likelihood constraints provides tight constraints on both Ωk=−0.006 ± 0.008 and w=−0.97 ± 0.10 for a constant dark energy equation of state.
ABSTRACT
We introduce the First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES), a suite of zoom simulations using the EAGLE model. We resimulate a range of overdensities during the Epoch of ...Reionization (EoR) in order to build composite distribution functions, as well as explore the environmental dependence of galaxy formation and evolution during this critical period of galaxy assembly. The regions are selected from a large $(3.2 \, \mathrm{cGpc})^{3}$ parent volume, based on their overdensity within a sphere of radius 14 h−1 cMpc. We then resimulate with full hydrodynamics, and employ a novel weighting scheme that allows the construction of composite distribution functions that are representative of the full parent volume. This significantly extends the dynamic range compared to smaller volume periodic simulations. We present an analysis of the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF), the star formation rate distribution function (SFRF), and the star-forming sequence (SFS) predicted by FLARES, and compare to a number of observational and model constraints. We also analyse the environmental dependence over an unprecedented range of overdensity. Both the GSMF and the SFRF exhibit a clear double-Schechter form, up to the highest redshifts (z = 10). We also find no environmental dependence of the SFS normalization. The increased dynamic range probed by FLARES will allow us to make predictions for a number of large area surveys that will probe the EoR in coming years, carried out on new observatories such as Roman and Euclid.
High-latitude reefs are suboptimal coral habitats, but such habitats are increasingly considered to be potential refugia from climate change for range-shifting coral reef species. Notably, tropical ...reef fish have been observed along the south-east coast of Australia, but their establishment on temperate rocky reefs is currently limited by winter minimum temperatures and other resource needs, such as structurally complex habitats typical of tropical reefs. Recent expansion of the branching subtropical coral
Pocillopora aliciae
in rocky reefs near Sydney (34° S) could diversify the architectural structure of temperate marine environments, thereby providing potential shelter for tropical reef taxa in warming seas. Here, we investigated whether future environmental conditions (
i.e.
temperature increase) can influence the dominance of the subtropical branching coral
P. aliciae
over the resident encrusting coral
Plesiastrea versipora
in coastal Sydney by characterising physiological (
e.g.
metabolic stability) and behavioural (
e.g.
interspecific competitive hierarchy) traits that contribute to their competitive fitness. Our results suggest that a metabolic response, mediated by sterol and lipid metabolic pathways and provision of antioxidants, allows
P. aliciae
to reduce cellular stress and withstand exposure to short-term increased temperature. Conversely,
P. versipora
was more susceptible to heat exposure with no metabolic mediation observed. While
P. versipora
displayed greater aggressive behaviour when in direct contact with
P. aliciae
under all temperature conditions, the superior physiological and metabolic flexibility under increased temperatures of
P. aliciae
suggests that this species will likely outperform
P. versipora
under future increased temperatures. Such contrasting responses to environmental change would facilitate shifts in coral community and functional composition that could support further tropicalisation of coastal New South Wales.
We present the power spectrum of the reconstructed halo density field derived from a sample of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Seventh Data Release (DR7). The ...halo power spectrum has a direct connection to the underlying dark matter power for k≤ 0.2 h Mpc−1, well into the quasi-linear regime. This enables us to use a factor of ∼8 more modes in the cosmological analysis than an analysis with kmax= 0.1 h Mpc−1, as was adopted in the SDSS team analysis of the DR4 LRG sample. The observed halo power spectrum for 0.02 < k < 0.2 h Mpc−1 is well fitted by our model: χ2= 39.6 for 40 degrees of freedom for the best-fitting Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. We find Ωmh2(ns/0.96)1.2= 0.141+0.010−0.012 for a power-law primordial power spectrum with spectral index ns and Ωbh2= 0.022 65 fixed, consistent with cosmic microwave background measurements. The halo power spectrum also constrains the ratio of the comoving sound horizon at the baryon-drag epoch to an effective distance to z= 0.35: rs/DV(0.35) = 0.1097+0.0039−0.0042. Combining the halo power spectrum measurement with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5 year results, for the flat ΛCDM model we find Ωm= 0.289 ± 0.019 and H0= 69.4 ± 1.6 km s−1 Mpc−1. Allowing for massive neutrinos in ΛCDM, we find eV at the 95 per cent confidence level. If we instead consider the effective number of relativistic species Neff as a free parameter, we find Neff= 4.8+1.8−1.7. Combining also with the Kowalski et al. supernova sample, we find Ωtot= 1.011 ± 0.009 and w=−0.99 ± 0.11 for an open cosmology with constant dark energy equation of state w. The power spectrum and a module to calculate the likelihoods are publicly available at http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/toolbox/lrgdr/.
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