Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. There is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and there ...might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. To overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
This paper studies the optimisation of the channel with cryptographic primitives such as coin tossing and oblivious transfer by committing to a set of strings. The main contribution of this paper is ...that the commitment is possible from any nontrivial correlation at rates when the sender is Alice and Bob, those rates are optimal. Also the coin tossing capacity is infinite for every channel having a positive bit commitment rate.
Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. OLS estimates suggest that the returns are similar to those of other types of ...schooling. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the quality of apprenticeships offered, and institutional descriptions suggest that there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. In order to overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship training for apprentices in small firms in Austria, which cease to operate. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship at that time, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to the firm failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. There is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and there ...might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. To overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. OLS estimates suggest that the returns are similar to those of other types of ...schooling. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and institutional descriptions suggest that there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. In order to overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship training for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship at that time, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to the firm failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. OLS estimates suggest that the returns are similar to those of other types of ...schooling. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and institutional descriptions suggest that there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. In order to overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship training for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship at that time, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to the firm failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. There is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and there ...might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. To overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Little is known about the payoffs to apprenticeship training in the German speaking countries for the participants. OLS estimates suggest that the returns are similar to those of other types of ...schooling. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the types of apprenticeships offered, and institutional descriptions suggest that there might be an important element of selection in who obtains an apprenticeship, and what type. In order to overcome the resulting ability bias we estimate returns to apprenticeship training for apprentices in failed firms in Austria. When a firm fails, current apprentices cannot complete their training in this firm. Because apprentices will be at different stages in their apprenticeship at that time, the failure of a firm will manipulate the length of the apprenticeship period completed for some apprentices. The time to the firm failure therefore serves as an instrument for the length of the apprenticeship completed both at the original firm and at other firms. We find instrumental variables returns which are similar or larger than the OLS returns in our sample, indicating relatively little selection.
Specific analysis for point mutations in genomic DNA has until recently been a difficult and time-consuming task, using large amounts of unstable, hazardous and expensive 32P. By enzymatically ...amplifying the mutation-bearing sequence of the DNA the sensitivity of the analysis is increased several 100-fold, making the detection possible with stable, non-radioactive and inexpensive biotinylated oligonucleotides. We have applied this method (polymerase chain reaction (PCR to the detection of the Z-mutation in the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene. After amplification, dot-blots of amplified DNA were subjected to hybridization with allele specific biotinylated oligonucleotide probes and washed at temperatures giving allele specificity. The bound biotin was visualized with avidin conjugated alkaline phosphatase using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate and nitro blue tetrazolium as colour reagents. The detection can be performed on less than 1 microgram genomic DNA, and is therefore applicable on small amounts of blood, fibroblasts and chorionic villus biopsies.
