The purpose of this study was to determine the situational and individual factors that influence vulnerability to public stranger violence (PSV) from the perspective of young adults and industry ...professionals. In total, 25 young adults aged between 18 and 29 years formed one sample and participated in one of four focus groups. The second sample consisted of 10 industry professionals with backgrounds in policing, corrections, and forensic psychology. Each professional participated in an individual semistructured interview. Both samples were asked questions regarding vulnerability and safety in public, where responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Multiple themes were identified and categorized into situational and individual factors associated with victimization. Situational factors referred to aspects of the environment that may influence vulnerability to PSV and included visibility, location, and level of support for potential victims. Individual factors referred to aspects about the person that may influence vulnerability to PSV and included unpredictability, ease of target, stereotypes, in-groups versus out-groups, distractions, and personality traits. Although both samples identified similar situational factors, young adults were found to be either unaware of individual factors identified by industry professionals as influencing vulnerability or at least misunderstood some of these factors. This is problematic as young adults may be basing their public behaviors on misinformation that may in fact increase, rather than decrease, vulnerability to PSV. The findings from this study have implications for the design of personal safety programs as well as community-based interventions to reduce vulnerability, the prevalence of PSV, and the negative outcomes associated with PSV, including anxiety and fear of crime.
Student exchange experiences can promote personal growth and identity development, but little research has explored the types of events and associated responses that support this development. The ...current study aimed to explore turning point narratives of international exchange students to identify the types of experiences and individual-level factors that are perceived to promote growth and identity development during exchange. Participants were 92 Australian and 95 French university students who had completed an international student exchange program. Participants reported a turning point experience during their exchange, and these responses were coded for event type, meaning-making, narrative coherence, emotional tone, and perceived growth. The most commonly reported turning point events involved recreation and exploration, relationships, cultural learning, and mastery experiences. Higher levels of meaning-making and narrative coherence and a more positive emotional tone were all predictors of perceived growth from turning point experiences. The findings suggest that there are common turning point experiences that occur during exchange and that supporting students to make meaning from their experiences may promote better program outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether boredom proneness and/or loneliness predict problem internet use (PIU) and whether these possible associations are moderated by distress tolerance. ...The study used a sample of 169 undergraduate university students known to be regular internet users, and measured the impact of PIU on their life by examining the relationship between PIU and academic performance. As predicted, boredom proneness was significantly associated with PIU and was a significant predictor of PIU in a model that included loneliness and distress tolerance. Loneliness was also significantly associated with both boredom and PIU, but was not a significant predictor of PIU in the model. There was no evidence that distress tolerance moderated either of these associations. As predicted, higher levels of PIU were associated with lower levels of academic performance, leading us to the conclusion that university students who are prone to experiencing boredom tend to use the internet to seek out more stimulating and satisfying activities, which in turn can lead to problematic internet use patterns that can negatively affect their academic performance.
More than 25% of patients with AML carry no mutations in genes known to be associated with leukemia. Analyses of genomes, transcriptomes, and methylomes of AML samples implicate mutations in ...cytogenetically normal AML and provide insight into the relationships among causative genes.
The molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been studied with the use of cytogenetic analysis for more than three decades. Recurrent chromosomal structural variations are well established as diagnostic and prognostic markers, suggesting that acquired genetic abnormalities (i.e., somatic mutations) have an essential role in pathogenesis.
1
,
2
However, nearly 50% of AML samples have a normal karyotype, and many of these genomes lack structural abnormalities, even when assessed with high-density comparative genomic hybridization or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays
3
–
5
(see Glossary). Targeted sequencing has identified recurrent mutations in
FLT3, NPM1, KIT, CEBPA,
and
TET2
.
6
–
8
Massively parallel . . .
Objective
Children with Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals (TOF/PA/MAPCAs) undergoing unifocalization surgery are at risk for developing more postoperative ...respiratory complications than children undergoing other types of congenital heart surgery. Bronchoscopy is used in the perioperative period for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this study, we describe bronchoscopic findings and identify factors associated with selection for bronchoscopy.
Design
Retrospective case‐control.
Patients and Methods
All patients with TOF/PA/MAPCAs who underwent unifocalization surgery from September 2005 through March 2016 were included. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy in the perioperative period were compared to a randomly selected cohort of 172 control patients who underwent unifocalization without bronchoscopy during the study period.
Results
Forty‐three children underwent perioperative bronchoscopy at a median of 9 days postoperatively. Baseline demographics were similar in bronchoscopy patients and controls. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy were more likely to have a chromosome 22q11 deletion and were more likely have undergone unifocalization surgery without intracardiac repair. These patients had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU duration, and length of hospitalization. Abnormalities were detected on bronchoscopy in 35 patients (81%), and 20 (35%) of bronchoscopy patients underwent a postoperative intervention related to abnormalities identified on bronchoscopy.
Conclusion
Bronchoscopy is a useful therapeutic and diagnostic instrument for children undergoing unifocalization surgery, capable of identifying abnormalities leading to an additional intervention in over one third of patients. Special attention should be given to children with a 22q11 deletion to expedite diagnosis and intervention for possible airway complications.
This study investigated how the changes in cultural context experienced during a university exchange program influenced key identity processes of exploration and commitment in emerging adults. ...Australian (N = 203) and French (N = 233) participants completed the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale before, during, and directly after their exchange. For both Australian and French participants, longitudinal multilevel models demonstrated that exchange supported increases in identity commitment and exploration in breadth while simultaneously decreasing ruminative exploration, although there was significant individual variability in rates of change. Cultural distance and previous travel experience had little influence on how much identity change occurred. The findings show that exchange experiences promote positive identity development for emerging adults, presenting new possibilities for identity interventions.
Student exchange is associated with many positive outcomes, however, little is known about the experiences that drive such changes. The aim of the current qualitative study was to explore how ...exchange students conceptualize the processes of change and development during exchange within an identity framework. Twenty interviews were conducted with Australian and French exchange alumni aged 19–23 years. Thematic analysis identified two major themes of change with specific associated driving experiences titled “I did it, so I can do it” and “I know who I am, I know what I want.” The second theme included two subthemes addressing an increased valuing of diversity and interest in international experiences. Three themes of influencing factors showed that students’ attitudes, previous experience, and family environments could impact exchange outcomes. The findings suggest that identity development is central to development during exchange, with the findings aligning with pre-existing models from the identity literature.
Educational identity is a central domain of development for emerging adults enrolled in higher education. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between educational identity and ...key constructs from control value theory that may be used to support both academic achievement and positive identity development. A sample of 258 Australian emerging adults (age
M
= 22.24, 74.4% female) enrolled in higher education completed measures of their educational identity, control and value appraisals, and a variety of positive and negative achievement emotions. Results showed that the identity statuses of achievement and early closure were related to the most adaptive appraisals and achievement emotions, while the opposite was true of the moratorium and searching moratorium statuses. Based on these findings, we propose a novel cyclical model in which reciprocal relationships between the identity processes, control and value appraisals, and achievement emotions can either support or hinder development and academic achievement of emerging adults.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the definition, prevalence, antecedents, consequences and coping behaviours associated with apprenticeship bullying in the building and construction ...industry.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises 13 participants aged between 22 and 27 (M=23.8, SD=1.26) who were all men who had completed their apprenticeship within the past five years. Participants completed an individual semi-structured interview in which several themes and sub-themes were identified.
Findings
Four characteristics (intention to harm, imbalance in power, repeated behaviours, target interpretation) and two types (personal, work-related) were identified by participants as fundamental to the definition of apprenticeship bullying. Being the target of bullying was found to be commonplace during an apprenticeship. Several antecedents were identified at the individual level (age, personality, physical appearance, work ethic, work performance) along with factors at the organisation level (culture and leadership style) that determined whether bullying would occur. The consequences of apprenticeship bullying included poor individual (personal and work-related) and organisational outcomes. Targets of apprenticeship bullying also tended to use avoidance coping.
Originality/value
This study has provided clarification on the characteristics and behaviours associated with apprenticeship bullying, as well as identified the antecedents and consequences of apprenticeship bullying from the perspective of past apprentices in the building and construction industry.
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