Intravenous administration of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP, a selective 5-HT agonist) to rats produced increases in plasma prolactin and corticosterone and a decrease in plasma growth hormone ...concentrations. Long-term but not short-term imipramine treatment potentiated m-CPP's effect on plasma prolactin, but not its effects on corticosterone or growth hormone. Short-term or long-term imipramine treatment did not produce significant changes in baseline levels of prolactin, corticosterone or growth hormone. These findings are compatible with development of functional supersensitivity of 5-HT receptors mediating prolactin release. Lack of potentiation of m-CPP's effects on corticosterone and growth hormone following long-term imipramine treatment suggests either differential regulation of these hormones by serotonergic and possibly other mechanisms, or different 5-HT receptor subtypes mediating the release of these hormones. Alternatively, adaptive changes in other aminergic neurotransmitter mechanisms such as the noradrenergic system may account for the differential effect of long-term imipramine treatment on m-CPP-induced neuroendocrine changes.
FCMpy is an open source package in Python for building and analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. More specifically, the package allows 1) deriving fuzzy causal weights from qualitative data, 2) simulating ...the system behavior, 3) applying machine learning algorithms (e.g., Nonlinear Hebbian Learning, Active Hebbian Learning, Genetic Algorithms and Deterministic Learning) to adjust the FCM causal weight matrix and to solve classification problems, and 4) implementing scenario analysis by simulating hypothetical interventions (i.e., analyzing what-if scenarios).
Structural and spectroscopic properties of solid dianil of 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-isophthaldehyde have been investigated. This is a Schiff base containing intramolecular O–H…N hydrogen bonding. Single ...crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the possibly equivalent hard structural parameters (bond lengths and the valence angles) of the title molecule are hardly differentiated by an asymmetric hydrogen bonding and different conformations of the anil wings. 13C MAS NMR results are more sensitive and they clearly show the influence of O–H…N hydrogen bonding on the chemical shifts of the central ring carbon atoms.
High-pT results from PHOBOS Roland, G
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
08/2005, Letnik:
43, Številka:
1-4
Journal Article
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We present results from the PHOBOS experiment on charged hadron production over a large range in , from Data from d + Au collisions at GeV and Au + Au collisions at and 200 GeV are shown. The data ...indicate that in Au + Au collisions a strongly interacting state of matter is formed, that appears qualitatively different from the system formed in pp or d + Au collisions. The systematics of particle production in d + Au and Au + Au collisions exhibit remarkably simple scaling rules, including an apparent factorization of the energy and centrality dependence over a wide range of collision energies.
Chronic glutamate toxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. The neuropeptide N‐acetyl‐aspartyl glutamate (NAAG) appears to function both as a storage form for glutamate and as a ...neuromodulator at glutamatergic synapses. Catabolism of NAAG by N‐acetylated‐α‐linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase; also termed glutamate carboxypeptidase II), yields N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) and glutamate. Since prior studies demonstrate an up‐regulation of NAALADase in motor cortex and increased levels of NAA and glutamate in the CSF of ALS patients, we hypothesized that inhibition of NAALADase could protect against neuronal degeneration in ALS. Neuroprotective effects of two NAALADase inhibitors were assessed. 2‐(Phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2‐PMPA) decreased motor neuron loss and prevented loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in an
in vitro
model of ALS wherein chronic glutamate toxicity was induced by blocking glutamate transport. Gross morphology was preserved in 2‐PMPA‐treated cultures. In a SOD‐1 transgenic mouse model of ALS, oral administration of a structurally different NAALADase inhibitor (GPI 5693) increased survival by 29 days and delayed onset of clinical symptoms by 17 days. Preliminary analysis of spinal cord pathology revealed severe neuronal depletion and astrocytosis with white matter changes in control mice. In mice treated with GPI 5693, normal neuronal populations with modest vacuolar changes were observed. These data suggest that NAALADase inhibition may provide an exciting therapeutic approach to the devastating disease, ALS.
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