Abstract Abdominal paraganglioma belongs to the family of neuroendocrine tumor which is commonly located in the retroperitoneum in close proximity with other major vascular structures. In this ...article, we report our experience on the surgical removal of a highly vascular retroperitoneal paraganglioma that necessitated inferior vena cava reconstruction as well as a Whipple operation in a 15-year old boy. Both procedures are invasive and uncommonly performed in pediatric patients. Yet, these two procedures when combined together allowed complete en-bloc resection of the tumor. Lastly, the incorporation of pancreaticogastrostomy for reconstruction will also be discussed.
OBJECTIVEThis study investigated if silver nanoparticles (AgNps) could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. METHODSMouse embryonic fibroblasts were ...divided into two groups: Group 1 cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium and Group 2 cells were cultured in osteogenic medium. Both groups were then treated with 16, 32, or 100 μM AgNps. Fibroblast proliferation and viability were measured using BrdU and MTT methods at varying time points. Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured to observe fibroblast differentiation into osteoblasts. Proteomics (cytokine array) was used to detect 111 different cytokines during differentiation. RESULTSAgNps stimulated proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts at a concentration of 16 μM. Marked enhancement of calcium mineralization was observed in cells cultured with AgNps compared with cells cultured without AgNps. Group 2 cells displayed nodules around the center where the cell density was high. ALP activity of mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured in osteogenic medium increased during the whole culture period. Addition of AgNps at concentrations of 32 μM and 100 μM induced higher ALP activity at days 7 and 14. Proteomic array results show that low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) were significantly increased, while osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly reduced in medium containing 16 μM AgNPs. CONCLUSIONAgNps could promote differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into osteoblastic cells. LDL-R and PCSK-9, as well as OPG, may play a critical role in this process.
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