This study prospectively evaluated the correlation of tumor microvessel density (MVD) with clinicopathologic features and postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing resection of hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC).
Tumor MVD was assessed in 100 patients with resection of HCC using a computer image analyzer after immunostaining for CD34 (MVD-CD34) and von Willebrand factor (MVD-vWF), respectively. Patients were prospectively followed for recurrence.
Mean tumor MVD-CD34 (236/0.74 mm(2)) was higher than mean tumor MVD-vWF (87/0.74 mm(2)) (P <.001). By multiple regression analysis, tumor size was the only pathologic feature significantly related to tumor MVD-CD34. The median MVD-CD34 was 316/0.74 mm(2) in HCCs < or = 5 cm (n = 46) and 146/0.74 mm(2) in HCCs more than 5 cm (n = 54) (P <.001). Among patients with HCCs < or = 5 cm, those with higher than median MVD-CD34 had worse disease-free survival (at 3 years, 13%) than those with a lower MVD-CD34 (at 3 year, 74%) (P =.002). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor MVD-CD34 was the only significant factor predictive of disease-free survival in patients with HCC < or = 5 cm. For HCCs more than 5 cm, MVD-CD34 did not have a significant prognostic influence. MVD-vWF did not have a significant prognostic influence on disease-free survival in either HCCs < or = 5 cm or more than 5 cm.
This study shows that a high MVD-CD34 was predictive of early postresection recurrence in patients with HCCs < or = 5 cm and, therefore, may be a novel prognostic marker in this subset of patients.
Background: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an important positive regulator of tumor angiogenesis. This study evaluated the role of serum bFGF as a biological marker of tumor invasiveness ...and postresection recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods: Concentrations of bFGF in preoperative serum samples in 88 patients undergoing resection of HCC were measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A single pathologist performed histopathologic examination of all tumor specimens. All patients were prospectively monitored for tumor recurrence.
Results: The preoperative serum bFGF levels ranged from <0.22 to 71.2 pg/mL (median 10.8 pg/mL). There was significant correlation between high serum bFGF levels and large tumor >5 cm, presence of venous invasion or advanced pTNM stage. Patients with a serum bFGF level >10.8 pg/mL had worse disease-free survival than those with a level <10.8 pg/mL (median disease-free survival 11.2 versus 20 months,
P = 0.044). Serum bFGF level >10.8 pg/mL (
P = 0.035) and tumor size >5 cm (
P = 0.004) were independent preoperative factors that predicted early recurrence after resection of HCC.
Conclusions: This study supports a role of bFGF in tumor growth and invasion in HCC. A high preoperative serum bFGF level appears to be predictive of invasive tumor and early postoperative recurrence. The clinical implications of serum bFGF level in HCC warrant further investigation.
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) experiment uses the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique (IACT) to study very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astrophysics. Its southern location ...provides the best opportunity to observe the Galactic Centre region. The Galactic Centre hosts many violent astrophysical objects and molecular gases. The diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) reveals the existence of powerful cosmic-ray (CR) accelerator(s) in the Galactic Centre. In particular, various studies postulated a PeV accelerator (PeVatron) continuously injecting CR protons to the ambience, resulting in a complex gamma-ray morphology and absence of cutoff signature in the diffuse gamma-ray spectrum. This study, using 11 years of H.E.S.S. data and an advanced 3D maximum-likelihood analysis method, re-establishes and constrains the diffuse gamma-ray emission nature at 0.4 - 100 TeV. CR propagation is modelled and diffuse emission templates for the analysis are built accordingly, by assuming a hadronic origin in the Galactic Centre. This study unveils a CR energy cutoff at couple hundreds of TeV, opposing the postulation of a PeVatron existing in the Galactic Centre. Apart from the scenario of a continuously CR injecting source, an impulsively injecting source cannot be ruled out.
HYPOTHESIS Hepatic resection improves quality of life (QOL) in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DESIGN A prospective longitudinal study. SETTING A university teaching ...hospital. PATIENTS Sixty-six consecutive patients undergoing resection of HCC, and 10 patients with unresectable HCC found after surgical exploration who were subsequently treated with transarterial chemoembolization (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Serial measurements of preoperative and postoperative QOL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G) Questionnaire for up to 2 years after surgery (at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months). RESULTS Among the 66 patients with resectable HCC, the mean postoperative QOL scores at 3 months after surgery were significantly higher than the mean preoperative QOL scores in domains related to physical, social, and emotional well-being and relationship with physicians. The mean total QOL score increased from 83.5 (SD, 9.4) before surgery to 94.1 (SD, 7.7) at 3 months after surgery (P<.001). No significant change of QOL scores at 3 months after surgery was observed in the control group. Twenty patients in the resected group died of early recurrence within 2 years after surgery, but their mean postoperative QOL scores remained higher than the preoperative QOL scores for most assessment times. In contrast, in the control group, the mean total QOL scores became significantly lower than the preoperative scores, starting 9 months after surgery. Forty-six patients in the resected group completed all QOL assessments. At all postoperative assessments, their mean QOL scores were higher than preoperative scores. Recurrence developed in 13 of the 46 patients within the 2-year study, and there was significant deterioration of QOL over time among these 13 (P<.001), whereas no significant change in QOL over time was observed among the 33 recurrence-free patients. Of various clinicopathologic factors, only advanced pTNM stage was significantly predictive of deterioration of QOL over time after resection of HCC. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic resection results in significant enhancement of QOL in patients with HCC. Development of recurrence is the main factor leading to deterioration in QOL over time after resection of HCC.Arch Surg. 2001;136:693-699-->
碩士
國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
103
Phenol is a common water pollutant which can not be easily degraded. Currently, often using advanced oxidation process (Advanced Oxidation Process, AOPs) approach to ...wastewater treatment. The principal active species in such systems are the hydroxyl radical (OH•) and sulfate radicals(SO4–•),both of them are highly oxidizing agent of organic contaminants.
This study attempts to combine electrochemical oxidation and peroxymonosulfate oxidation for the degradation of phenol, and various parameters were investigated to optimize the process. The concentration of phenol solution is 150 mg / L. The results showed that optimal parameters of EC/PMS process : electrolysis potential 6 volt, reaction temperature 45 °C, initial pH value of 1,peroxymonosulfate dosage under 3 wt% of operating conditions, the removal efficiency was 85% in 3 hours reaction. In order to increase the removal effect of the study, we try to transition metal activated peroxymonosulfate, and found removal efficiency reach
Observations with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) have enhanced our knowledge of nearby supernova (SN) remnants with ages younger than 500 years by establishing Cassiopeia A and the ...remnant of Tycho's SN as very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray sources. The remnant of Kepler's SN, which is the product of the most recent naked-eye supernova in our Galaxy, is comparable in age to the other two, but is significantly more distant. If the gamma-ray luminosities of the remnants of Tycho's and Kepler's SNe are similar, then the latter is expected to be one of the faintest gamma-ray sources within reach of the current generation IACT arrays. Here we report evidence at a statistical level of 4.6 sigma for a VHE signal from the remnant of Kepler's SN based on deep observations by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) with an exposure of 152 hours. The measured integral flux above an energy of 226 GeV is ~0.3% of the flux of the Crab Nebula. The spectral energy distribution (SED) reveals a gamma-ray emitting component connecting the VHE emission observed with H.E.S.S. to the emission observed at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT. The overall SED is similar to that of the remnant of Tycho's SN, possibly indicating the same non-thermal emission processes acting in both these young remnants of thermonuclear SNe.
SS 433 is a microquasar, a stellar binary system with collimated relativistic jets. We observed SS 433 in gamma rays using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), finding an energy-dependent ...shift in the apparent position of the gamma-ray emission of the parsec-scale jets. These observations trace the energetic electron population and indicate the gamma rays are produced by inverse-Compton scattering. Modelling of the energy-dependent gamma-ray morphology constrains the location of particle acceleration and requires an abrupt deceleration of the jet flow. We infer the presence of shocks on either side of the binary system at distances of 25 to 30 parsecs and conclude that self-collimation of the precessing jets forms the shocks, which then efficiently accelerate electrons.
Magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters are believed to be the result of the amplification of intergalactic seed fields during the formation of large-scale structures in the universe. ...However, the origin, strength, and morphology of this intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) remain unknown. Lower limits on (or indirect detection of) the IGMF can be obtained from observations of high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars. Gamma rays interact with the extragalactic background light to produce electron-positron pairs, which can subsequently initiate electromagnetic cascades. The \(\gamma\)-ray signature of the cascade depends on the IGMF since it deflects the pairs. Here we report on a new search for this cascade emission using a combined data set from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo predictions for the cascade signal, our results place a lower limit on the IGMF of \(B > 7.1\times10^{-16}\) G for a coherence length of 1 Mpc even when blazar duty cycles as short as 10 yr are assumed. This improves on previous lower limits by a factor of 2. For longer duty cycles of \(10^4\) (\(10^7\)) yr, IGMF strengths below \(1.8\times10^{-14}\) G (\(3.9\times10^{-14}\) G) are excluded, which rules out specific models for IGMF generation in the early universe.
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