Aim
The purpose of this study is to assess the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases.
Materials and methods
PubMed and Embase databases were utilized to search ...eligible studies. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as effect size to assess the associations between periodontal disease, tooth loss and liver diseases risk.
Results
Our results indicated positive associations between periodontal disease and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06–1.33), liver cirrhosis (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.50–3.48) and elevated transaminase level risk (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.15). Moreover, tooth loss could increase NAFLD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12– 1.56) and liver cancer risk (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.74), and every five increment in tooth loss was associated with 5% increased liver cancer risk (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.10) with a linear relationship. In addition, tooth loss had a positive tendency towards liver cirrhosis risk (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.85–4.85) although there was no statistical significance.
Conclusion
Periodontal disease and tooth loss are positively associated with liver diseases including NAFLD, elevated transaminase level, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Hand‐foot syndrome (HFS) is the most common adverse effect of capecitabine‐containing chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacies of various prevention and treatment ...strategies for capecitabine‐induced HFS. Searches of the PubMed and Embase databases were performed to identify relevant studies. The risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as an effect measure to evaluate the efficacies of these prevention and treatment strategies. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's and Egger's tests. Overall and subgroup analyses were conducted. All statistical analyses were conducted with Stata software version 12.0. Seventeen eligible studies were included. Our results indicated that celecoxib was significantly associated with a lower incidence of grade ≥2 capecitabine‐induced HFS without heterogeneity (RR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.23–0.81, I2 = 0.0%). However, pyridoxine and topical urea/lactic acid were not effective toward preventing capecitabine‐induced grade 1, 2, 3, ≥1 or ≥2 HFS. Moreover, pyridoxine was not effective in treating capecitabine‐induced HFS. Similar results were obtained by subgroup analysis. Our results indicate that celecoxib has potential prophylactic efficacy for capecitabine‐induced HFS. However, pyridoxine and topical urea/lactic acid are not associated with a decrease in the incidence of capecitabine‐induced HFS.
What's new?
Capecitabine is effective against breast, colorectal and gastric cancers and can be orally administered, making it an appealing therapeutic option. Its use, however, can be limited by the development of hand‐foot syndrome (HFS), a common side effect that negatively impacts quality of life. The effectiveness of HFS prevention strategies is unclear. The authors of this study evaluated previously reported prevention and treatment strategies for capecitabine‐induced HFS. Celecoxib was associated with reduced occurrence of grade 2 or higher HFS, while pyridoxine did not significantly improve HFS symptoms and topical urea/lactic acid was found to be ineffective in preventing the condition.
Background
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the two most common malignancies of salivary gland. Our study aims to explore the role of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long ...terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced tumor necrosis factor receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and the relationship between human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor, oncogenic signaling molecules, and cluster of differentiation 8.
Methods
Custom‐made human salivary gland tissue microarrays included 81 Adenoid cystic carcinoma, 52 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 76 normal salivary gland, and 14 pleomorphic adenoma samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor, oncogenic phosphorylated Erk1/2, the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecule transforming growth factor β1, and cluster of differentiation 8 was performed with salivary gland tissue microarray of human samples.
Results
According to a digital pathological system, we analyzed the correlation of immunostaining. The expression levels of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor were significantly enhanced in the adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, compared with those of pleomorphic adenoma and NSG samples. However, the expression levels of human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor were independent of the pathological grade of malignancy of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and histological pattern of adenoid cystic carcinoma. They were closely related to phosphorylated Erk1/2 and transforming growth factor β1, but negligibly related to cluster of differentiation 8.
Conclusions
These results described that certain immune checkpoint molecules, namely, human endogenous Retrovirus‐H long terminal repeat‐associating protein 2, transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain‐containing 2, and glucocorticoid‐induced TNF receptor were overexpressed in Adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, but were independent of pathological grade, and may relate to transforming growth factor β1, phosphorylated Erk1/2, and cluster of differentiation 8.
According to the "no-node" theorem, the many-body ground state wavefunctions of conventional Bose-Einstein condensations (BEC) are positive-definite, thus time-reversal symmetry cannot be ...spontaneously broken. We find that multi-component bosons with spin-orbit coupling provide an unconventional type of BECs beyond this paradigm. We focus on a subtle case of isotropic Rashba spin-orbit coupling and the spin-independent interaction. In the limit of the weak confining potential, the condensate wavefunctions are frustrated at the Hartree-Fock level due to the degeneracy of the Rashba ring. Quantum zero-point energy selects the spin-spiral type condensate through the "order-from-disorder" mechanism. In a strong harmonic confining trap, the condensate spontaneously generates a half-quantum vortex combined with the skyrmion type of spin texture. In both cases, time-reversal symmetry is spontaneously broken. These phenomena can be realized in both cold atom systems with artificial spin-orbit couplings generated from atom-laser interactions and exciton condensates in semi-conductor systems.
Green production of NH3, especially the Li‐mediated electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) in non‐aqueous solutions, is attracting research interest. Controversies regarding the NRR mechanism ...greatly impede its optimization and wide applications. To understand the electrocatalytic process, we treated Au coated carbon fibrous paper (Au/CP) as the model catalyst. In situ XRD confirmed the transformation of lithium intermediates during NRR. Au greatly improved electron transfer kinetics to catalyze metallic Li formation, and accordingly highly accelerated spontaneous NRR. The Faradaic efficiency of NRR on Au/CP reached 34.0 %, and NH3 yield was as high as 50 μg h−1 cm−2. Our research shows that the key step of Li‐mediated non‐aqueous NRR is electrocatalytic Li reduction and offers a novel electrocatalyst design method for Li reduction.
The key step of Li‐mediated non‐aqueous NRR is electrocatalytic Li reduction. Gold greatly improved Li adsorption energy and thus highly accelerated the domino‐like nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR).
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•Amorphous Ni-Ci layer was electrochemically activated on Ni3N nanoarray.•Ni3N@Ni-Ci nanoarray is used for water oxidation in 1.0 M KHCO3.•Ni3N@Ni-Ci nanoarray needs a small ...overpotential of 400 mV for 20 mA cm−2.•Ni3N@Ni-Ci nanoarray shows strong long-term electrochemical stability.
It is of great importance to design and exploit high-efficiency low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under mild conditions for applications. In this Article, we propose that formation of a thin amorphous Ni carbonate layer on Ni3N nanoarray supported on carbon cloth (Ni3N NA/CC) is an effective strategy to boost its OER activity in at near-neutral pH. When used as a 3D non-noble-metal OER electrocatalyst, the resulting core–shell Ni3N@Ni-Ci NA/CC displays superior catalytic activity with extremely small overpotential of 400 mV for 20 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KHCO3 (bulk pH: 8.3). Moreover, it also exhibits considerable long-term electrochemical durability with its activity being preserved for at least 12 h. Conductive Ni3N nanoarray not only provides as the Ni source for in-situ electrochemical derivation of 3D Ni-Ci catalyst with high surface area, more exposed active sites and facilitated mass diffusion, but effectively prompts the electron transport from Ni-Ci shell to CC, enabling more efficient water oxidation electrocatalysis.
A therapeutic carrier in the second near‐infrared (NIR) window is created that features magnetic target, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis, and photothermal therapy functions through the ...manipulation of a magnet and NIR laser. A covellite‐based CuS in the form of rattle‐type Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticles is developed to conduct photoinduced hyperthermia at 808 and 1064 nm of the first and second NIR windows, respectively. The Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticles exhibit broad NIR absorption from 700 to 1300 nm. The in vitro photothermal results show that the laser intensity obtained using 808 nm irradiation required a twofold increase in its magnitude to achieve the same damage in cells as that obtained using 1064 nm irradiation. Because of the favorable magnetic property of Fe3O4, magnetically guided photothermal tumor ablation is performed for assessing both laser exposures. According to the results under the fixed laser intensity and irradiation spot, exposure to 1064 nm completely removed tumors showing no signs of relapse. On the other hand, 808 nm irradiation leads to effective inhibition of growth that remained nearly unchanged for up to 30 d, but the tumors are not completely eliminated. In addition, MRI is performed to monitor rattle‐type Fe3O4@CuS localization in the tumor following magnetic attraction.
An effective, near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive rattle‐type Fe3O4@CuS nanoparticle is developed to conduct magnetically guided photothermal tumor ablation and magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis through magnetic targeting. Based on the broad NIR absorption from 700 to 1300 nm, photothermal tumor ablation is evaluated by radiation at 808 and 1064 nm of the first and second NIR windows, respectively.
Objective
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) are the two most frequent malignancies of salivary glands. This study aims to explore the expression and migration of ...LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR in AdCC and MEC, and the potential relationship with oncogenic signaling molecules and immunosuppressive cytokines.
Materials and Methods
Custom made human salivary gland tissue microarrays included 81 AdCCs, 52 MECs, 76 normal salivary glands (NSG), and 14 pleomorphic adenoma (PMA) samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing protein 3 (TIM3), adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR), oncogenic phosphorylated S6 kinase (p‐S6) and ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2), and TGF‐β1 was performed with salivary gland tissue microarrays of human samples. The correlation of the immunostaining was analyzed based on a digital pathological system, and data were evaluated by hierarchical cluster. Further in vitro studies of knockdown immune checkpoints LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR were carried out by siRNA transfection.
Results
The expression levels of LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR were remarkably increased in AdCC and MEC, compared with NSG and PMA samples, but were independent of pathology grade. They were closely correlated with TGF‐β1, slightly related to p‐ERK1/2 and p‐S6. After the knockdown of immune checkpoints LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR, the migration of SACC‐LM cell line was significantly reduced.
Conclusions
These results suggested that LAG3, TIM3, and A2aR are overexpressed in AdCC and MEC, may promote migration of SACC‐LM cell and correlated with TGF‐β1 and oncogenic signaling pathways.
Treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) seeks to prevent senescence and death of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Previous studies have shown that sirt6 exerts potent anti-senescent and ...anti-apoptotic effects in models of age-related degenerative disease. However, it is not known whether sirt6 protects against IDD. Here, we explored whether sirt6 influenced IDD. The sirt6 level was reduced in senescent human NP cells. Sirt6 overexpression protected against apoptosis and both replicative and stress-induced premature senescence. Sirt6 also activated NP cell autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ)-mediated inhibition of autophagy partially reversed the anti-senescent and anti-apoptotic effects of sirt6, which regulated the expression of degeneration-associated proteins. In vivo, sirt6 overexpression attenuated IDD. Together, the data showed that sirt6 attenuated cell senescence, and reduced apoptosis, by triggering autophagy that ultimately ameliorated IDD. Thus, sirt6 may be a novel therapeutic target for IDD treatment.
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