The existing studies on environmental efficiency evaluation generally have the problem of efficiency overestimation. To solve this problem, a new data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross‐efficiency ...approach with undesirable outputs is developed to evaluate environmental efficiency from the perspectives of both self‐evaluation and peer evaluation. Then, three new evaluation strategies, namely, economic development strategy, environmental protection strategy, and win–win strategy, are proposed to reflect the needs of decision makers under different policy objectives. The proposed cross‐efficiency approach with different evaluation strategies not only realizes the cross evaluation of environmental efficiency, but also guarantees the relative uniqueness of the optimal solution on the basis of the preferences of decision makers. Combining the metafrontier DEA approach and DEA window analysis, a new cross‐efficiency analytical framework is constructed to gradually analyse the influences of policy objectives, technology heterogeneity, and dynamic correlation on the environmental efficiency. Subsequently, the environmental efficiency of China's economic development during 2006–2015 is in‐depth analysed on the basis of the proposed analytical framework, and some interesting conclusions, and some useful suggestions are obtained.
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in the initiation and development of liver fibrogenesis, and abnormal glucose metabolism is increasingly being considered a crucial factor ...controlling phenotypic transformation in HSCs. However, the role of the factors affecting glycolysis in HSCs in the experimental models of liver fibrosis has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we showed that glycolysis was significantly enhanced, while the expression of brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1) was downregulated in fibrotic liver tissues of mice, primary HSCs, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced LX2 cells. Overexpression of Bmal1 in TGF-β1-induced LX2 cells blocked glycolysis and inhibited the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of activated HSCs. We further confirmed the protective effect of Bmal1 in liver fibrosis by overexpressing Bmal1 from hepatic adeno-associated virus 8 in mice. In addition, we also showed that the regulation of glycolysis by Bmal1 is mediated by the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/α-ketoglutarate (IDH1/α-KG) pathway. Collectively, our results indicated that a novel Bmal1-IDH1/α-KG axis may be involved in regulating glycolysis of activated HSCs and might hence be used as a therapeutic target for alleviating liver fibrosis.
Disordered lipid metabolism plays an essential role in both the initiation and progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and fatty acid β-oxidation is increasingly considered as a crucial ...factor for controlling lipid metabolism. Hif-2α is a member of the Hif family of nuclear receptors, which take part in regulating hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. However, its functional role in AFLD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Hif-2α was upregulated in EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-treated AML-12 cells. Inhibition or silencing of Hif-2α led to increased fatty acid β-oxidation and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy. Downregulation of Hif-2α activates the PPAR-α/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which is involved in hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, by mediating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, ultimately delaying the progression of AFLD.
Hif-2α induces liver steatosis, which promotes the progression of AFLD. Here, we have described a novel Hif-2α-BNIP3-dependent mitophagy regulatory pathway interconnected with EtOH-induced lipid accumulation, which could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AFLD.
•Desirability of inputs and outputs is redefined to evaluate environmental efficiency.•Two types of non-cooperative measure are proposed to evaluate efficiency for two-stage structure.•Cooperative ...measure is proposed to evaluate efficiency for avoiding a biased result.•Efficiency decomposition model based on global coordination is proposed to gain a unique result.•The differences and connections among different measures are analyzed by graphic analysis.
To scientifically evaluate the environmental efficiency (EE) of economic development, this study develops a new two-stage network structure with undesirable intermediate elements to describe the actual production process. According to different relationships between two stages, non-cooperative and cooperative data envelopment analysis (DEA) measure methods are constructed to evaluate the EE of decision-making units (DMUs). An EE decomposition model is then proposed as the second goal to improve the coordination efficiency of DMU. Compared to conventional DEA methods, these EE measure methods not only consider the internal structure of DMUs with undesirable intermediate elements, but also can be used to obtain relatively unique and fair evaluation results for achieving different decision objectives. An empirical study on the Chinese industrial water system is taken as an example to illustrate the effectiveness of these EE measures. The results show that non-cooperative relationships may hinder the sustainable development of the economy and environment, so promoting mutual cooperation between two stages is more in line with the interests of decision makers.
Novel 600V integrable dual-trench (split-gate-trench and oxide-trench) power LDMOS (DT-MOS) with a reduced specific on-resistance and enhanced switching performance is proposed. The dual-trench ...structure reshapes the electric field by wrapped drift-region togerther with lateral depletion effect of the MIS structure, enabling voltage support capability with reduced specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). Breakdown voltage (BV) of 630V and Ron,sp of 4.0ohm* mm2 are obtained by simulation, and the proposed DT-MOS exhibits almost the highest power figure of merit (FOM, defined as BV 2 /Ron,sp) and better switching performance compared with the published structures. A low-cost (less mask-layers needed and no epitaxy process) and high reliability (relatively improved process tolerance) technology is exhibited, in which dual-trench is achieved using 14.0μm trench-etch process and inter-diffused process after ion-implantation.
Disordered lipid metabolism plays an essential role in both the initiation and progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and fatty acid beta-oxidation is increasingly considered as a ...crucial factor for controlling lipid metabolism. Hif-2alpha is a member of the Hif family of nuclear receptors, which take part in regulating hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation. However, its functional role in AFLD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hif-2alpha was upregulated in EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-treated AML-12 cells. Inhibition or silencing of Hif-2alpha led to increased fatty acid beta-oxidation and BNIP3-dependent mitophagy. Downregulation of Hif-2alpha activates the PPAR-alpha/PGC-1alpha signaling pathway, which is involved in hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation, by mediating BNIP3-dependent mitophagy, ultimately delaying the progression of AFLD. Hif-2alpha induces liver steatosis, which promotes the progression of AFLD. Here, we have described a novel Hif-2alpha-BNIP3-dependent mitophagy regulatory pathway interconnected with EtOH-induced lipid accumulation, which could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AFLD.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a nonlinear programming method for solving a type of cooperative games in which there are multiple objectives and coalitions' values on objectives are ...expressed with intervals, which are called intervalvalued multiobjective cooperative games for short. In this method, we define the concepts of interval-valued cores of interval-valued multiobjective cooperative games and satisfactory degrees of comparing intervals with inclusion and/or overlap relations. The interval-valued cores can be computed by developing a new two-phase method based on the auxiliary nonlinear programming models. The proposed method can seek cooperative chances under the situations of inclusion and/or overlap relations of intervals in which the traditional interval ranking method may not always assure that the interval-valued cores exist. The feasibility and applicability of the developed method are illustrated with a real example.
Transparent TiO2 thin films were successfully prepared on high purity silica substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering method and annealed at different temperatures. The effects of the annealing ...temperature （300-600 ℃） on crystalline structure, morphology, and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 thin films were discussed. The photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue solution. With increasing annealing temperature, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 thin films gradually increased because of the improvement of crystallization of anatase TiO2 thin films. At 500 ℃, the TiO2 thin film shows the highest photocatalytic activity due to the improvement of crystallization of anatase TiO2 thin films. When the annealing temperature increases to 600 ℃, the photocatalytic activity of thin film decreases owing to the formation of rutile phase and the decrease of surface area.
碩士
東吳大學
商用數學系
96
In order to investigate the better strength of Taiwan life insurance companies in the highly competitive integrated financial markets, the Stochastic Frontier Approach of Battese and ...Coelli (1995) is used to evaluate the impacts of competitive strategies on the efficiency of local insurers for the years 2004-2006. Results show that the financial holding insurers seem to have greater efficiency than those of not from financial holding companies due to the better-integrated financial service offers. The more customized product offer results in greater efficiency than a diversification across multiple product lines. While increased market shares in the life insurance market is reflected in lower efficiency. How to better control the costs of agency channel and further expand alternative channels is the fundamental element to improve better operating efficiency.
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