The rapid development of nanotechnology offers a variety of potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. High atomic element nanomaterials are often utilized as radiosensitizers due to ...their unique photoelectric decay characteristics. Among them, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are one of the most widely investigated and are considered to be an ideal radiosensitizers for radiotherapy due to their high X-ray absorption and unique physicochemical properties. Over the last few decades, multi-disciplinary studies have focused on the design and optimization of GNPs to achieve greater dosing capability and higher therapeutic effects and highlight potential mechanisms for radiosensitization of GNPs. Although the radiosensitizing potential of GNPs has been widely recognized, its clinical translation still faces many challenges. This review analyses the different roles of GNPs as radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy and summarizes recent advances. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of GNP radiosensitization, including physical, chemical and biological mechanisms are discussed, which may provide new directions for the optimization and clinical transformation of next-generation GNPs.
Antiferromagnets (AFMs) have the potential to push spintronic devices from a static condition or gigahertz frequency range to the terahertz range for the sake of high-speed processing. However, the ...insensitivity of AFMs to magnetic fields makes the manipulation of spin currents difficult. The ultrafast generation of the spin current in ferromagnet/heavy-metal (HM) structures has received a lot of attention in recent years, but whether a similar scenario can be observed in an AFM/HM system is still unknown. Here, we show the optical generation of ultrafast spin current in an AFM/HM heterostructure at zero external magnetic field and at room temperature by detecting the associated terahertz emission. We believe that this is a common phenomenon in antiferromagnets with strong nonlinear optical effects. Our results open an avenue of fundamental research into antiferromagnetism and a route to AFM spintronic devices.Spin currents are generated from an antiferromagnet/heavy-metal heterostructure using optical excitation on picosecond timescales. This will have applications in antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Multiplexed gas detection at room temperature is critical for practical applications, such as for tracking the complex chemical environments associated with food decomposition and spoilage. An ...integrated array of multiple silicon‐based, chemical‐sensitive field effect transistors (CSFETs) is presented to realize selective, sensitive, and simultaneous measurement of gases typically associated with food spoilage. CSFETs decorated with sensing materials based on ruthenium, silver, and silicon oxide are used to obtain stable room‐temperature responses to ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and humidity, respectively. For example, one multi‐CSFET sensor signal changes from its baseline by 13.34 in response to 1 ppm of NH3, 724.45 under 1 ppm H2S, and 23.46 under 80% relative humidity, with sensitive detection down to 10 ppb of NH3 and H2S. To demonstrate this sensor for practical applications, the CSFET sensor array is combined with a custom‐printed circuit board into a compact, fully integrated, and portable system to conduct real‐time monitoring of gases generated by decomposing food. By using existing silicon‐based manufacturing methodologies, this room‐temperature gas sensing array can be fabricated reproducibly and at low cost, making it an attractive platform for ambient gas measurement needed in food safety applications.
Multiplexed gas sensors for monitoring food freshness can potentially limit food waste and promote safe consumption. Integrated arrays of silicon‐based, chemical‐sensitive field‐effect transistors are presented to monitor gases typically associated with food spoilage, including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and humidity. These sensors are integrated into a compact and portable platform envisioned for integration into smart fridges to assess food quality dynamically.
We investigate the problem of synchronizing nonidentical nonlinear dynamical systems by means of generalized diffusive couplings. The focus is not on the actual solution to the problem but on the ...derivation of necessary conditions for the existence of such a solution despite the systems possessing nonidentical models. We show that for the problem to be solvable a synchronous steady state needs to exist. This condition leads to the requirement that all individual system models need to embed an internal model of some common endosystem. The latter condition is expressed in terms of nonlinear partial differential equations. The conditions derived in this paper are related to those known from the theory of output regulation.
In continental convective environments, general circulation models typically produce a diurnal cycle of rainfall that peaks close to the noon maximum of insolation, hours earlier than the observed ...peak. One possible reason is insufficient sensitivity of their cumulus parameterizations to the state of the environment due to weak entrainment. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, run at cloud-resolving (600 and 125 m) resolution, is used to study the diurnal transition from shallow to deep convection during the monsoon break period of the Tropical Warm Pool–International Cloud Experiment. The WRF model develops a transition from shallow to deep convection in isolated events by 1430–1500 local time. The inferred entrainment rate weakens with increasing time of day as convection deepens. Several current cumulus parameterizations are tested for their ability to reproduce the WRF behavior. The Gregory parameterization, in which entrainment rate varies directly with parcel buoyancy and inversely as the square of the updraft speed, is the best predictor of the inferred WRF entrainment profiles. The Gregory scheme depends on a free parameter that represents the fraction of buoyant turbulent kinetic energy generation on the cloud scale that is consumed by the turbulent entrainment process at smaller scales. A single vertical profile of this free parameter, increasing with height above the boundary layer but constant with varying convection depth, produces entrainment rate profiles consistent with those inferred from the WRF over the buoyant depth of the convection. Parameterizations in which entrainment varies inversely with altitude or updraft speed or increases with decreasing tropospheric relative humidity do not perform as well. Entrainment rate at cloud base decreases as convection depth increases; this behavior appears to be related to an increase in vertical velocity at downdraft cold pool edges.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Spatial light modulators (SLM), capable of dynamically and spatially manipulating electromagnetic waves, have reshaped modern life in projection display and remote sensing. The progress of ...SLM will expedite next-generation communication and biomedical imaging in the terahertz (THz) range. However, most current THz SLMs are adapted from optical alternatives that still need improvement in terms of uniformity, speed, and bandwidth. Here, we designed, fabricated, and characterized an 8 × 8 THz SLM based on tunable liquid crystal metamaterial absorbers for THz single-pixel compressive imaging. We demonstrated dual-color compressive sensing (CS) imaging for dispersive objects utilizing the large frequency shift controlled by an external electric field. We developed auto-calibrated compressive sensing (ACS) algorithm to mitigate the impact of the spatially nonuniform THz incident beam and pixel modulation, which significantly improves the fidelity of reconstructed images. Furthermore, the complementary modulation at two absorption frequencies enables Hadamard masks with negative element values to be realized by frequency-switching, thereby halving the imaging time. The demonstrated imaging system paves a new route for THz single-pixel multispectral imaging with high reliability and low cost.
Highlights • HDAC1 and HDAC7 are downstream effectors of miR-34a pathway in breast cancer. • Deacetylation of HSP70 K246 by HDAC1 and HDAC7 regulates therapy resistance. • Deacetylation of HSP70 K246 ...promotes therapy resistance by inhibiting autophagy. • The miR-34a–HDAC1/HDAC7–HSP70 K246 axis is a potential therapy resistant pathway.
To be typical electrical power infrastructures, high-rise tower-line systems are widely constructed for power transmission. These flexible tower structures commonly possess small damping and may ...suffer strong vibrations during external excitations. The control approaches based on various devices have been developed to protect transmission towers against strong vibrations, damages, and even failure. However, studies on the vibrant control of wind-excited tower-line systems equipped with SMA dampers have not yet been reported. To this end, the control approach for wind-excited tower-line systems using SMA dampers is conducted. The mechanical model of the tower-line system is established using Lagrange's equations by considering the dynamic interaction between transmission lines and towers. The vibration control method using SMA dampers for the tower-line coupled system is proposed. The control efficacy is verified in both the time domain and the frequency domain. Detailed parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of physical parameters of SMA dampers on structural responses and hysteresis loops. In addition, the structural energy responses are computed to examine the control performance.
Display omitted
Ammoniation modification of calcium lignosulfonate and its application in the removal of azo dyes.
A low-cost adsorbent, aminated calcium lignosulfonate (ACLS) was prepared and ...successfully applied to the adsorption of Congo red and the Titan yellow dyes. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental mapping images (EMIs) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. And the efficiency of ACLS for the removal of Congo red and the Titan yellow dyes was evaluated by several factors, such as temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration of dyes solution. And the test ranges of temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration of dye solution were 25–45°C, 2–12, 0.005–0.05g, 1–48h, 10–200mgL−1, respectively. The adsorption results demonstrated a good ability to remove dye with the removal rates of 97% and 91% for 30mgL−1 Congo red and 40mgL−1 Titan yellow, respectively. The adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherms can be well described by the pseudo second order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm model for the both dyes, respectively. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacity of Congo red and Titan yellow reached 258.4mgg−1 and 190.1mgg−1 in the study of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, respectively. Thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption of the two dyes is a spontaneous endothermic process. The results indicate that the ACLS has the potential to be used in the treatment of dye wastewater.
PDF
