Biomolecule cytochrome c adsorbed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes can form interface heterojunctions for high‐efficiency exciton dissociation, photoelectron transfer and transport, in which electrons ...are transported along the chain of cytochrome c. The extraordinary external quantum efficiency of up to 38.2% obtained in the nanotube/cytochrome c infrared detectors illustrates that these photonic nanohybrids are promising for room temperature quantum optoelectronics.
Controlling the Dirac point voltage of graphene is essential for realizing various practical applications of graphene. Here, control of the doping state is achieved in flexible graphene field effect ...transistors (GFETs) by applying mechanical bending stress. By gradually increasing the bending strain (the decrease of upward/downward bending radius), the Dirac point (
V
Dirac
) linearly shifts to left/right, which is induced by the flexoelectric effect of the ferroelectric Pb
0.92
La
0.08
Zr
0.52
Ti
0.48
O
3
(PLZT) gate. In addition, a superior mechanical antifatigue character is obtained in the flexible GFETs, and the doping effect is recoverable. The sensitivity to strain and high bending stability not only offer an easy, controllable and nonintrusive method to obtain a specific doping level in graphene for flexible electric devices, but also highlight the enormous potential of the flexible ferroelectric PLZT-gated GFETs as wearable sensors.
The linear shift in
V
Dirac
of a flexible GFET, caused by the flexoelectric effect of a PLZT gate, makes it enormously useful for both tuning the graphene doping state and detecting bending curvature.
Like Reisman, Marjorie Maddox in her poem "Mamie's Advice" attempts to recover and highlight the role that the mother of slain African American teenager and civil rights icon Emmett Till played in ...national dialogues about lynching and extreme racial violence in the United States.
Numerous surveys reveal high levels of pesticide residue contamination in honey bee comb. We conducted studies to examine possible direct and indirect effects of pesticide exposure from contaminated ...brood comb on developing worker bees and adult worker lifespan. Worker bees were reared in brood comb containing high levels of known pesticide residues (treatment) or in relatively uncontaminated brood comb (control). Delayed development was observed in bees reared in treatment combs containing high levels of pesticides particularly in the early stages (day 4 and 8) of worker bee development. Adult longevity was reduced by 4 days in bees exposed to pesticide residues in contaminated brood comb during development. Pesticide residue migration from comb containing high pesticide residues caused contamination of control comb after multiple brood cycles and provided insight on how quickly residues move through wax. Higher brood mortality and delayed adult emergence occurred after multiple brood cycles in contaminated control combs. In contrast, survivability increased in bees reared in treatment comb after multiple brood cycles when pesticide residues had been reduced in treatment combs due to residue migration into uncontaminated control combs, supporting comb replacement efforts. Chemical analysis after the experiment confirmed the migration of pesticide residues from treatment combs into previously uncontaminated control comb. This study is the first to demonstrate sub-lethal effects on worker honey bees from pesticide residue exposure from contaminated brood comb. Sub-lethal effects, including delayed larval development and adult emergence or shortened adult longevity, can have indirect effects on the colony such as premature shifts in hive roles and foraging activity. In addition, longer development time for bees may provide a reproductive advantage for parasitic Varroa destructor mites. The impact of delayed development in bees on Varroa mite fecundity should be examined further.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Swetnam chronicles her personal experiences with the Girl Scouts of the United States to offer an alternative history of the organization. The mix of scholarship, personal narrative, and visual art ...encourages us to explore the power dynamics in transnational circulations of people, ideas, and goods; the connections between the global and the local as well as the personal and the political; artistic representations of and interventions in understanding mobility, colonialism and hybridity; and central concepts and methodologies in the field of transnational feminisms.
Intravenous (i.v.) busulfan (Bu) administered once daily in myeloablative transplant regimens is convenient, effective, and relatively well tolerated. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended as ...nonrelapse mortality increases when daily exposure, as determined by the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), exceeds 6000 μM·min. We describe sequential studies to achieve accurate prediction of treatment doses of Bu based on the kinetics of a smaller test dose. A total of 335 patients with hematologic malignancies were given daily i.v. Bu 3.2 mg/kg × 4 and fludarabine 50 mg/m2 × 5. Pharmacokinetic monitoring was conducted for both the test dose and first treatment dose of Bu (day −5). Three different test dose schedules were evaluated: 12 mg Bu administered over 20 minutes, 0.8 mg/kg over 3 hours, and 0.8 mg/kg infused at 80 mg/h. The 3.2 mg/kg treatment doses were infused over a fixed time of 3 hours for the first 2 test dose trials and at a fixed rate of 80 mg/h for the final protocol. All test dose infusions were on day −7. In the first 2 schedules, Bu administered over a fixed time had significantly higher clearance for the test dose compared with the treatment dose. However, when both the test and the treatment doses were administered at the same infusion rate, clearance of the drug between the 2 dosing days was equivalent. Predicted day −5 AUC (AUC−5 ) showed a high linear correlation (r2 = 0.74) to the actual AUC−5 . The error of these predictions was <20% in 98% of patients and <10% in 80%. In 24 individuals, the test dose predicted an AUC >5500 μM·min; therefore, the first Bu treatment dose was reduced to a desired target AUC. All adjusted doses fell within 20% of the targeted exposure. We conclude that a test dose strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring of daily i.v. Bu is accurate if the test and treatment doses are infused at the same rate. This approach allows targeting of therapeutic doses of Bu to desired levels and the potential for improved safety and efficacy.
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