Abstract High-quality diets have been increasingly acknowledged as a promising candidate to counter the growing prevalence of mental health disorders. This study aims to investigate the prospective ...associations of adhering to the EAT-Lancet reference diet with incident depression, anxiety and their co-occurrence in 180,446 UK Biobank participants. Degrees of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet were translated into three different diet scores. Over 11.62 years of follow-up, participants in the highest adherence group of the Knuppel EAT-Lancet index showed lower risks of depression (hazard ratio: 0.806, 95% CI: 0.730–0.890), anxiety (0.818, 0.751–0.892) and their co-occurrence (0.756, 0.624–0.914), compared to the lowest adherence group. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.711 (0.627–0.806), 0.765 (0.687–0.852) and 0.659 (0.516–0.841) for the Stubbendorff EAT-Lancet index, and 0.844 (0.768–0.928), 0.825 (0.759–0.896) and 0.818 (0.682–0.981) for the Kesse-Guyot EAT-Lancet diet index. Our findings suggest that higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with lower risks of incident depression, anxiety and their co-occurrence.
The cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cell (cTEC and mTEC) lineages are essential for inducing T cell lineage commitment, T cell positive selection and the establishment of self-tolerance, but ...the mechanisms controlling their fetal specification and differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we show that notch signaling is required to specify and expand the mTEC lineage.
is expressed by and active in TEC progenitors. Deletion of
in TECs resulted in depletion of mTEC progenitors and dramatic reductions in mTECs during fetal stages, consistent with defects in mTEC specification and progenitor expansion. Conversely, forced notch signaling in all TECs resulted in widespread expression of mTEC progenitor markers and profound defects in TEC differentiation. In addition, lineage-tracing analysis indicated that all mTECs have a history of receiving a notch signal, consistent with notch signaling occurring in mTEC progenitors. These data provide strong evidence for a requirement for notch signaling in specification of the mTEC lineage.
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•The average size of AGS reached a balanced distribution after long-term operation.•A suddenly external disturbance influenced the microbial composition of an MBR.•Short time aeration ...changed the characteristics of biomass within the bioreactor.•Larger AGS rapidly reformed after short time aeration.•Filamentous bacteria played an important role in reforming larger AGS.
The investigation aimed at revealing the influence of an external disturbance on the rapid reformation of larger aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in an internal-circulation membrane bioreactor (IC-MBR) after long-term operation. The used IC-MBR was continuously operated well for more than one year, in which, the biomass was still in the state of AGS with a balanced average size at around 200 μm and an even size distribution. By providing short-time aeration to the biomass within this bioreactor, the characteristics of biomass were totally changed in a very short time, including the surface hydrophilicity, physic-chemical properties, and the structure of microbial community, which created suitable conditions for the growth of filamentous bacteria (Saccharibacteria). Such a variation was very beneficial to the reformation of larger AGS, which resulted in the average size of AGS increased to nearly 400 μm with a compact structure and clear edge in no more than one month.
Stroke and heart disease are two major contributors to the global disease burden. We aimed to evaluate and compare the roles of different handgrip strength (HGS) expressions in predicting stroke and ...heart disease in three nationally representative cohorts.
This longitudinal study used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The Cox proportional hazard model was applied to analyze the relationship between HGS and stroke and heart disease, and Harrell's C index was used to assess the predictive abilities of different HGS expressions.
A total of 4,407 participants suffered from stroke and 9,509 from heart disease during follow-up. Compared with the highest quartile, participants in the lowest quartile of dominant HGS, absolute HGS and relative HGS possessed a significantly higher risk of new-onset stroke in Europe, America, and China (all P < 0.05). After adding HGS to office-based risk factors, there were minimal or no differences in the increases of Harrell's C indexes among three HGS expressions. In contrast, the modest association between HGS and heart disease was only seen in SHARE and HRS, but not in CHARLS.
Our findings support that HGS can be used as an independent predictor of stroke in middle-aged and older European, American and Chinese populations, and the predictive ability of HGS may not depend on how it is expressed. The relationship between HGS and heart disease calls for further validation.
To solve the problem that large images can hardly be retrieved for stringent hardware restrictions and the security level is low, a method based on compressive ghost imaging (CGI) with Fast Fourier ...Transform (FFT) is proposed, named FFT-CGI. Initially, the information is encrypted by the sender with FFT, and the FFT-coded image is encrypted by the system of CGI with a secret key. Then the receiver decrypts the image with the aid of compressive sensing (CS) and FFT. Simulation results are given to verify the feasibility, security, and compression of the proposed encryption scheme. The experiment suggests the method can improve the quality of large images compared with conventional ghost imaging and achieve the imaging for large-sized images, further the amount of data transmitted largely reduced because of the combination of compressive sensing and FFT, and improve the security level of ghost images through ciphertext-only attack (COA), chosen-plaintext attack (CPA), and noise attack. This technique can be immediately applied to encryption and data storage with the advantages of high security, fast transmission, and high quality of reconstructed information.
•We propose an optical encryption based on compressive ghost imaging with fast Fourier transform.•We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed optical encryption by experiment and numerical simulation. Further we test the security of the proposed scheme against chosen-plaintext attack and ciphertext-only attack.•We verify the compression of the method proposed in the paper with the amount of information transmitted, because of the combination of fast Fourier transform and compressive sensing, the method achieve the high performance on the compression, further reduce the storage space.
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CM) is an increasing public health and clinical concern. However, predictors for the development and prognosis of CM are poorly understood. The aims of this study were ...to investigate the relation between handgrip strength (HGS) and the risk of CM and to examine the association of HGS with all-cause mortality risk among patients with CM.
This prospective cohort study involved 493,774 participants from the UK Biobank. CM was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of two or more of the following conditions: type 2 diabetes, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 4701 incident CM cases were documented among participants with none cardiometabolic disease at baseline. Compared with the fourth quartile (Q4), the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) value of Q1 of HGS for developing CM was 1.46 (1.34-1.60). In participants with one cardiometabolic disease at baseline, participants in Q1 of HGS also possessed higher risk of CM than those in Q4, with HRs (95% CIs) being 1.35 (1.23-1.49) in patients with type 2 diabetes, 1.23 (1.04-1.46) in patients with stroke, and 1.23 (1.11-1.36) in patients with CHD. For participants with CM at recruitment, HGS was also associated with the risk of all-cause mortality (Q1 vs. Q4 HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.36-1.80).
Our study provided novel evidence that HGS could be an independent predictor of morbidity and all-cause mortality of CM.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•An MBR with internal circulation was used to cultivate granular sludge.•Granular sludge was cultivated directly in this MBR in a continuous-flow mode.•The resulting granular sludge ...was characterized by multi methods.•Granular sludge remained stable for a long-term operation.•Essential factors to influence the granulation process were illustrated.
This research was conducted to cultivate granular sludge directly in a continuous-flow membrane bioreactor and explore the main factors influencing the granulation process. By establishing a suitable internal hydrodynamic circulation in a membrane bioreactor, granular sludge (GS) was successfully cultivated into mature granules with a compact structure and clear shape, in which extracellular polymeric substances played an important role in maintaining its integrity. The results showed that the main factors to determine the cultivation of GS included the total retention of sludge by the membrane module, the internal hydrodynamic circulation, and the entanglement of filamentous bacteria to sludge particles. Filamentous bacteria initiated a granulation process under the action of internal circulation, and maintained the stability of GS for a long period by wrapping biomass aggregates together. Even though filamentous bacteria were the major dominant microbial species in the bioreactor, the microbial community was richly biodiverse, and was responsible for the removal of organic pollutants and nutrients. Overall, the results demonstrated an alternative option for cultivating stable GS directly in a continuous-flow membrane bioreactor.
Abstract
Context
Whether baseline preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and if this association could be mediated by circulating ...metabolites remains to be elucidated.
Objective
To measure the prospective association of PRISm with T2D and potential metabolic mediators thereof.
Methods
This study used data from the UK Biobank and included 72 683 individuals without diabetes at baseline. PRISm was defined as the predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <80% and the FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio ≥0.70. Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed to assess the longitudinal relation between baseline PRISm and incident T2D. Mediation analysis was used to explore the mediation effects of circulating metabolites in the path from PRISm to T2D.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.06 years, 2513 participants developed T2D. Individuals who had PRISm (N = 8394) were 47% (95% CI, 33%-63%) more likely to develop T2D compared with those who had normal spirometry (N = 64 289). A total of 121 metabolites showed statistically significant mediation effects in the path from PRISm to T2D (false discovery rate <0.05). Glycoprotein acetyls, cholesteryl esters in large high-density lipoprotein (HDL), degree of unsaturation, cholesterol in large HDL, and cholesteryl esters in very large HDL were the top 5 metabolic markers, with mediation proportions (95% CI) being 11.91% (8.76%-16.58%), 11.04% (7.34%-15.55%), 10.36% (7.34%-14.71%), 9.87% (6.78%-14.09%), and 9.51% (6.33%-14.05%), respectively. A total of 11 principal components that explained 95% variance of the metabolic signatures accounted for 25.47% (20.83%-32.19%) of the relation between PRISm and T2D.
Conclusions
Our study revealed the association of PRISm with T2D risk and the potential roles of circulating metabolites in mediating this association.
Abstract We aimed at examining the shared and unique associations of metabolites with multiple cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), i.e. type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. In ...this study, a total of 168 plasma metabolites were measured by targeted high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy among 98,162 participants free of T2D, CHD, and stroke at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for one SD increase in metabolite concentration levels, and false discovery rate (at 10%) was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Over 12.1 years of follow-up on average, 3,463 T2D, 6,186 CHD, and 1,892 stroke events were recorded. Most lipoprotein metabolites were associated with risks of T2D and CHD but not with the risk of stroke, with stronger associations for T2D than for CHD. Phospholipids within intermediate-density lipoprotein or large low-density lipoprotein particles showed positive associations with CHD and inverse associations with T2D. Metabolites indicating very small very low-density lipoprotein, histidine, creatinine, albumin, and glycoprotein acetyls were associated with risks of all three conditions. This large-scale metabolomics study revealed common and distinct metabolic biomarkers for T2D, CHD and stroke, providing instrumental information to possibly implement precision medicine for preventing and treating these conditions.
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•Diverse sludge granules were cultivated in a single MBR with a sole carbon source.•The obtained granules exhibited obvious heterogeneity in their basic properties.•Filamentous ...bacteria played an important role in keeping the granules stable.
The present work revealed the heterogeneity of the sludge granules formed in a membrane bioreactor with enhanced internal circulation, and also contributed to better understanding of their forming mechanisms. By continuously carrying out an experiment lasting for more than 3 months with the floc sludge from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant as inoculation sludge, diverse aerobic sludge granules were found to be successfully self-cultivated within the reactor. The results of scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscope and high-throughput sequencing measurement indicated that the obtained diverse granules exhibited quite obvious heterogeneity in their basic physico-chemical and microbial properties, and filamentous bacteria actually acted as a main skeleton to keep the self-cultivated sludge granules stable in both their structure and morphology. Furthermore, stable and high COD and TN removal achieved, over 85% and 60%, respectively, which confirmed its usefulness in wastewater treatment.
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