Elevated soluble cluster of differentiation 163 (sCD163) concentrations, a marker of macrophage activation, are associated with obesity. Weight reduction decreases circulating CD163 levels, and ...changes in sCD163 levels are associated with improved metabolic dysfunction. Currently, the relationship between sCD163 and diet remains unclear. This study investigated dietary patterns associated with sCD163 concentrations and its predictive effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data on anthropometrics, blood biochemistry, and a food frequency questionnaire were collected from 166 Taiwanese adults. sCD163 levels independently predicted MetS (odds ratio (OR): 5.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13~13.44,
< 0.001), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.03~4.64,
< 0.001), and central obesity (OR: 3.90; 95% CI: 1.78~8.55,
< 0.001), after adjusting for age and sex. An adjusted linear regression analysis revealed strong correlations between levels of sCD163 and aspartate transaminase (AST) (β = 0.250 (0.023~0.477),
< 0.05) and red blood cell aggregation (β = 0.332 (0.035~0.628),
< 0.05). sCD163-associated dietary pattern scores (high frequencies of consuming noodles and desserts, and eating at home, and a low intake frequency of steamed/boiled/raw food, white/light-green-colored vegetables, orange/red/purple-colored vegetables, dairy products, seafood, dark-green leafy vegetables, and soy products) were positively correlated with MetS, liver injury biomarkers, and sCD163 levels (all
for trend < 0.05). Individuals with the highest dietary pattern scores (tertile 3) had a 2.37-fold OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.04~5.37,
< 0.05 higher risk of MetS compared to those with the lowest scores (tertile 1). Overall, the study findings suggest the importance of a healthy dietary pattern in preventing elevated sCD163 levels and diet-related chronic disease such as MetS.
Extremely efficient blue organic electroluminescence with external quantum efficiency of 37% with a conventional planar device structure is reported by K.‐T. Wong, C.‐C. Wu, and co‐workers on page ...6976. Such a high efficiency is realized by thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on spiroacridine–triazine hybrids, which simultaneously possess nearly 100% photoluminescence quantum yield and strongly horizontally oriented emitting dipoles.
High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging with superior compositional tunability and multielemental synergy, presenting a unique platform for material discovery and performance ...optimization. Here we report a synthetic approach utilizing hollow-carbon confinement in the ordinary furnace annealing to achieve the nonequilibrium HEA-NPs such as Pt0.45Fe0.18Co0.12Ni0.15Mn0.10 with uniform size ∼5.9 nm. The facile temperature control allows us not only to reveal the detailed reaction pathway through ex situ characterization but also to tailor the HEA-NP structure from the crystalline solid solution to intermetallic. The preconfinement of metal precursors is the key to ensure the uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles with confined volume, which is essential to prevent the thermodynamically favored phase separation even during the ordinary furnace annealing. Besides, the synthesized HEA-NPs exhibit remarkable activity and stability in oxygen reduction catalysis. The demonstrated synthetic approach may significantly expand the scope of HEA-NPs with uncharted composition and performance.
Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst made by using ZIF-8 as the sacrificial agent in steam-assist crystallization has a high Lewis acidic Zn2+ concentration and a high Zn(OH)+-to-ZnO ratio, resulting in a high ...aromatics yield in methanol conversion.
Display omitted
•Zn/ZSM-5 was made by steam-assist crystallization and hard-templating.•CPO-1-Zn and ZIF-8 were the sacrificial agents in the synthesis of Zn/ZSM-5.•ZIF-8 derived Zn/ZSM-5 had high concentrations of Lewis acidic Zn2+ and Zn(OH)+.•ZIF-8 derived Zn/ZSM-5 exhibited a higher activity in methanol aromatization.
Zn/ZSM-5 was prepared by using a combinative method of steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) and hard templating. Zn-based MOFs, including coordination polymer of Oslo number 1-Zn (CPO-1-Zn) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), were used as the sacrificial agents. These MOFs-derived catalysts were compared with Zn/ZSM-5 made by impregnation. Physicochemical characterization revealed that all Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts had finely dispersed Zn2+ species, i.e., ZnO and Zn(OH)+. However, the concentration of Lewis acidic Zn2+ species and the compositions of Zn(OH)+ and ZnO were different. Applying ZIF-8 as the sacrificial agent generated a higher concentration of Lewis acidic Zn2+ species and a higher ratio of Zn(OH)+-to-ZnO in Zn/ZSM-5, which showed a better performance in the aromatization of methanol.
An aqua-coordinated lamellar net Zn(5-NH2-1,3-bdc)(H2O) (1, 5-NH2-1,3-H2bdc = 5-amino-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid) has been found to undergo a reversible stimuli-responsive 2D-to-2D ...crystal-to-crystal transformation with a water-free bilayered-lamellar net Zn(5-NH2-1,3-bdc) (1′) upon removal and rebinding of aqua ligands, whereas a 2D porous pillared-bilayer Zn2(5-NH2-1,3-bdc)2(NI-bpy-44)·DMF (2, NI-bpy-44 = N-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,8-naphthalimide) has been tailored by introducing NI-bpy-44 to replace the coordinated aqua ligands. Pillared-bilayer 2 displayed a moderate CO2 uptake of 79.1 cm3 g−1 STP at P/P0 = 1 and 195 K with an isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption (Qst) of 37.0 kJ mol−1 at zero-loading. It is noteworthy that the water suspensions of 1 and 2 both displayed good fluorescence performances, which were effectively quenched by Fe3+, MnO4−, and Cr2O72− ions and shifted to long wavelengths by Fe3+, Al3+, and Cr3+, even with the coexistence of equal amounts of most other interfering ions. Taking the Stern–Volmer quenching constant, limit of detection, quenching efficiency, anti-interference ability, and visual observation into consideration, it is clear that both 1 and 2 are promising and excellent fluorescent sensors for highly sensitive detection of Fe3+, MnO4−, and Cr2O72−.
Reactions of Zn(BF4)2 and ZnCl2 with a nitrile‐functionalized salicyaldimine ligand, 3‐(salicylideneimino)benzonitrile (Hsal‐3‐PhCN), in both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 stoichiometry of metal‐to‐ligand, ...afforded zinc‐salicyaldimine compounds Zn(sal‐3‐PhCN)2 (1) and HNEt3Zn(sal‐3‐PhCN)Cl2 (2), respectively. Compound 1 is a neutral zinc‐salicyaldimine complex, where the Zn(II) center is in a distorted {ZnN2O2} tetrahedral geometry, made up of two sal‐3‐PhCN ligands both in the N,O‐chelating mode. Comparably, 2 is an ionic zinc‐salicyaldimine compound, where the Zn(II) center is in a distorted {ZnNOCl2} tetrahedral geometry, made up of one sal‐3‐PhCN ligand in the N,O‐chelating mode and two chloro ligands. The results indicate that neutral and anionic forms of zinc‐salicyaldimine complexes would form under the domination of anion with different zinc‐binding abilities. 1H NMR studies indicate different degrees of decomplexation of 2 in different solvents, leading to a dynamic equilibrium between the zinc‐salicyaldimine complex form and the neutral form of salicyaldimine ligand. This is achieved by proton transfer and interpreted by the hydrogen‐bonding properties of the solvents. Photophysical studies reveal that Hsal‐3‐PhCN exhibited weak yellow fluorescence (λem=554 nm) while 1 and 2 emitted strong blue (λem=472 nm) and green (λem=504 nm) fluorescence, respectively, in solid‐state, and in comparison, much weaker emissions in solution phases.
Anion Effect: Anion shows remarkable domination on the formation of neutral and ionic zinc‐salicyaldimine compounds, of which the ionic one exhibits solvent‐dependent equilibria of decomplxation and recomplexation.
An imide-based O-donor ligand, 4-carboxyphenyl-1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid (H2In-4-ba), and one Zn(II) coordination polymer, Zn(In-4-ba)(py)2n (1, py = pyridine), have been synthesized. ...Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that 1 has a quasi-31 helical chain structure, which shows one-dimensional to two-dimensional (1D → 2D) extension to be a homochiral layer of consecutively interweaving poly-helices with the same helicity. Coexistence of such homochiral layers in opposite chirality makes individual crystal of 1 to be in a racemic manner. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis indicated that 1 shows high thermal stability approaching 440 °C. Thermal activation of 1 gives a desolvated phase, Zn(In-4-ba)n (1′), as supported by TG trace. Of particular note, reversible crystal-to-crystal transformations between solvated 1 and desolvated 1′ have been achieved upon decoordination and recoordination of the py ligands, as evidenced by XRPD patterns, IR spectra, and TG diagrams. The photoluminescence properties of as-synthesized 1, desolvated 1′, and resolvated 1′/py have also been studied. All of them exhibit an emission band centered at 486, 492, and 486 nm, respectively, which is originated from the ligand-centered charge transfer. Further, the emission intensity of 1′ is weaker than that of 1 and 1′/py, implying the influence of coordinated py ligands and/or structure regulation on photoluminescence.
A solvated zinc(II) coordination polymer showing quasi-31 helical chain structure and its desolvated phase have exhibited reversible crystal-to-crystal transformations upon solvent decoordination and recoordination. Display omitted
•Zn(II) coordination polymer 1 has a quasi-31 helical chain structure.•Zn(II) coordination polymer 1 shows 1D.→ 2D homochiral layer of poly-helices.•Zn(II) coordination polymer 1 is high thermally stable approaching 440 °C.•Zn(II) coordination polymer 1 exhibits ligand-centered fluorescence.•Solvent-induced reversible crystal-to-crystal transformations have been achieved.
Reactions of ZnSO
∙7H
O,
-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,8-naphthalimide (NI-mbpy-34), and 5-bromobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (Br-1,3-H
bdc) afforded a luminescent coordination polymer, ...Zn(Br-1,3-bdc)(NI-mbpy-34)
(
), under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that
features a three-dimensional (3-D) 2-fold interpenetrating
(or CdSO
) net topology with the point symbol of (6
·8), where the Zn(II) centers are considered as 4-connected square-planar nodes. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis confirmed that
shows high chemical and thermal stabilities. Notably,
displayed solvent dependent photoluminescence properties; the fluorescence intensity and emission maximum of
in different solvent suspensions varied when a solvent was changed. Furthermore, the H
O suspension of
exhibited blue fluorescence emission and thus can be treated as a selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for turn-on detection of Cr
cations through absorbance caused enhancement (ACE) mechanism and turn-off detection of Cr
O
/CrO
anions through collaboration of the absorption competition and energy transfer process, with limit of detection (LOD) as low as μM scale.
This study aims to examine the effects of instructional designs with a pre-training video and real-time cues on game-based learning process and task outcomes. Forty-four university students from ...different disciplines were randomly assigned into four groups under a 2 x 2 experimental design (with/without a pre-training video versus more/less-relevant cues). The participants' visual behaviors during the learning processes of the four groups were all tracked by an eye-tracking system. MANOVA tests, lag sequential analyses and heat map analyses were analysed among and within groups. The results revealed that the cues had positive effects on game performance, and the pre-training video may enhance the visual control of information processing of cuing information. Nevertheless, neither a pre-training video nor real-time cues had benefits on students’ conceptual learning achievement in game-based learning.
•The pre-training video instruction had impacts on students' visual attention in GBL, but had no effects on task performance.•The real-time cues would help students to pass the game, but the effectiveness to improve conceptual learning was limited.•Blended GBL instructional design may be potential instructional approaches to enhance students' conceptual learning.•Future studies can analyze students' learning process while learning in complex and interactive learning environments.
PDF
