Face recognition for authentication, namely unlocking by faces, is widely used in various access control applications, especially in mobile devices, and becomes one of major biometric authentication ...technology. Some existing authentication methods require additional depth sensors; however, they are still cheated by 2D or 3D printed faces sometimes. Although many researches aim at detecting fake faces, most of them only work well on specific situations, and they are unusable to master unseen spoofed scenarios.
Accordingly, in this paper, we propose face liveliness detection methods using a conventional camera, which is capable of effectively performing both intra- and cross-dataset detection on sets of real faces mixed with spoofed ones. We adopt local binary patterns (LBP) and 2D image distortion analysis (IDA) to extract texture information of face images, which are used for developing our face liveness detection system against spoofing attack to distinguish fake faces from real ones by a deep neural network (DNN). In addition to verifying whether the deep learning method induces over-fitting of spoofed faces using specific datasets, we also employ a random forest classifier to compare the face liveliness detection results. In intra-dataset evaluation, 10-fold cross-validation is adopted, and the accuracy of spoofed face detection is more than 97% using a convolutional neural network architecture. In cross-dataset evaluation, under the condition of the Idiap Replay-Attack Database acting as the training dataset as well as the NUAA Photograph Imposter Database serving as the testing dataset, the accuracy achieves 81.85% when using the scheme of combining LBP, IDA, and DNN techniques. Such performance is better than state-of-the-art methods.
Photo aesthetics is a field in computer vision, which aims at analyzing the beautifulness of a photo. With the advancement of imaging technology, people capture and produce photos easily but they ...find it difficult to sort out good ones. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method for efficient photo aesthetics analysis for quality classification. We developed some features based on human psychology and criterions on photography, including complexity, texture, color, composition. Particularly, the Sobel edge detector and Harris corner points are extracted to assess the image complexity, and some color and composition features proposed in previous literature are improved for better analysis accuracy.The supervised machine learning methods are applied for photo aesthetics analysis, and the SVM is used to measure the effectiveness of the proposed features. In our experiments, both image databases CUHKPQ and CUHK are used for evaluation. In the experiment, the CUHKPQ dataset is divided into seven thematic categories, whereas the CUHK dataset contains all categories. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to classify the photo aesthetic quality efficiently with lower dimension compared to other related work. In the CHUK dataset, the accuracy above 88.72% and in the CUHKPQ dataset, the accuracy is up to 96.4%.
There are limited data on the outcome of percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion for isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Taiwan. This study evaluated the 2-year outcome of 52 patients with ...isolated PDA who received percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion by an upstream-and-push maneuver.
From July 1997 to June 2002, a total of 52 patients (25 infants, 27 children) underwent occlusion of PDA with standard Gianturco coils. There were 39 females and 13 males. Patient age ranged between 7 days and 14 years, and weight was between 3 and 45 kg. Percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion was performed by an upstream-and-push maneuver. Chest auscultations, chest radiographs, and Doppler echocardiography were performed in all patients within 24 hours, and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after coil occlusion.
Mean PDA diameter at the pulmonary end was 2.34 ± 1.00 mm (range, 1.00-4.80 mm). Angio-graphic classification was megaphone type in 32 patients, window type in seven, tubular type in six, an-eurysmal type in three, and elongated conical type in four. Complete PDA occlusion was performed with a single coil in 41 (79%) patients and with multiple coils in 11 (21%). The mean ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow was 1.95 ± 0.95 (range, 1.10-5.80) before the procedure, and 1.02 ± 0.04 (range, 1.00-1.20) after the procedure (
p < 0.001). Immediate occlusion of the ductus was achieved 15 minutes after the procedure in 44 (85%) patients. Occlusion was achieved in 92% of patients within 24 hours and in 100% of patients by the 1-month follow-up. Follow-up at 24 months after the procedure revealed no complications.
Percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion with 5-loop Gianturco coils can be effectively and safely achieved in patients with a PDA minimum diameter < 5 mm.
There are limited data on the outcome of percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion for isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in Taiwan. This study evaluated the 2-year outcome of 52 patients with ...isolated PDA who received percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion by an upstream-and-push maneuver.
From July 1997 to June 2002, a total of 52 patients (25 infants, 27 children) underwent occlusion of PDA with standard Gianturco coils. There were 39 females and 13 males. Patient age ranged between 7 days and 14 years, and weight was between 3 and 45 kg. Percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion was performed by an upstream-and-push maneuver. Chest auscultations, chest radiographs, and Doppler echocardiography were performed in all patients within 24 hours, and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after coil occlusion.
Mean PDA diameter at the pulmonary end was 2.34 +/- 1.00 mm (range, 1.00-4.80 mm). Angiographic classification was megaphone type in 32 patients, window type in seven, tubular type in six, aneurysmal type in three, and elongated conical type in four. Complete PDA occlusion was performed with a single coil in 41 (79%) patients and with multiple coils in 11 (21%). The mean ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow was 1.95 +/- 0.95 (range, 1.10-5.80) before the procedure, and 1.02 +/- 0.04 (range, 1.00-1.20) after the procedure (p < 0.001). Immediate occlusion of the ductus was achieved 15 minutes after the procedure in 44 (85%) patients. Occlusion was achieved in 92% of patients within 24 hours and in 100% of patients by the 1-month follow-up. Follow-up at 24 months after the procedure revealed no complications.
Percutaneous transarterial coil occlusion with 5-loop Gianturco coils can be effectively and safely achieved in patients with a PDA minimum diameter < 5 mm.
The car license plates have regular formats and styles, and can be recognized by computer vision systems. However, some information that exclude from the alphanumerical characters of the car license ...plates are printed directly on a car body. Unlike car license plates, freight container's identifications have different colors and alignments. Some car bodies are not flat, such as trucks and freight containers, which increases the difficulty for character recognition. The character intervals in the identifications are varied from each other, and other information such as advertisement and logos are also marked on the car body, which make it hard to recognize characters too. Based on computer vision techniques, a fast and efficient method to extract the identification from freight containers is presented in this paper. The identification formats and styles conform to the standard of ISO/TC104. The information fliat does not pertain to part of the identification is eliminated during the processing. The most possible groups remaining in the image are extracted for identifications. Finally, an optical character recognition algorithm, Tesseract, is applied to recognize character images and then converted into texts. Thirty-five back surface images of freight containers are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The resolution of the images is set to 600 × 500. From the experimental results, we are encouraged that the accurate rate of identification extraction is over 90.37% and the average execution time is 12.91 seconds achieved by our proposed method.
Background. Spiral relationship of the normally related great arteries (SRGA) has never been reconstructed in an arterial switch operation.
Methods. From March 1998 to April 1999, 9 consecutive cases ...of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) family (from 2 days to 1.6 years old) underwent arterial switch operations with SRGA at our hospital. Two had a congenitally corrected TGA (plus atrial redirection). Lecompte maneuver was not used in all. The posterior wall of pulmonary trunk was not divided but three were reattached, two of whom had had previous pulmonary trunk banding. Thus the wall was shared between the great arteries facing each other.
Results. All survived the operation. Supraaortic stenosis was balloon-dilated in 2 cases of early series, but technical modifications later were able to avoid it. Angiogram showed smooth flow into SRGA without upward and anterior tilting of the pulmonary bifurcation. All great and coronary arteries were patent. All were doing well on follow-up (16.5 ± 4.2 months).
Conclusions. We concluded that the techniques to relocate the coronary arteries using common wall and in situ switch could also be applied to pulmonary arterial reconstruction, so that SRGA can be resumed in TGA.
PDF
