The binder-free electrode materials have excellent practical application value, especially for carbon-based electrodes. As a naturally occurring carbon precursor, lignin can be developed for the ...electrode material of capacitive deionization with high energy storage and high adsorption performance. In this paper, nanofibers containing mesoporous fracture systems are prepared by depolymerized lignin. The microcracks are uniformly distributed on the carbon nanofiber tube bundles. It can provide a favorable place for ion storage, and the notches structure further improves the ion adsorption performance. This study provides a simple and efficient strategy for the converting lignin into carbon fibers with the micro-cracking structure. It is expected to promote the application of lignin-based carbon nanofibers in capacitive deionization.
•The small molecular snippets lignin is obtained from the Pre-catalytic oxidative degradation.•Functionalized nanofibers containing mesoporous fracture systems were prepared by depolymerized lignin.•The adsorption capacity of nanofibers is 18.8 mg g−1 with a 90% adsorption capacity retention rate.
Lovastatin, also known as monacolin K, is the major active component in red yeast rice. It is the principal active substance in
Monascus
fermentation products and a statin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl ...coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) that inhibits rate-limiting enzymes in the production of cholesterol. Lovastatin is effective in reducing cholesterol levels in humans and is a lipid-lowering drug. Herein, lovastatin was produced from
Antrodia salmonea
by a liquid-state fermentation process. The
A. salmonea
extract contained 431 μg g
–1
(d.b) lovastatin.
A. salmonea
extract with high lovastatin content is insoluble, resulting in poor bioavailability, which is problematic. In this study, we utilized a dripping pill delivery system to improve the absorption of lovastatin. Comparisons of the oxidative and thermal stability properties of the lovastatin medicine,
A. salmonea
extract and dripping pill were conducted by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and isothermal microcalorimetry (TAM Air) measurements. We also investigated the thermal degradation of the
A. salmonea
extract dripping pill under various atmospheric environments to determine the proper storage conditions, including the onset time, total reaction time and heat power of the exothermic reaction, by isothermal storage experimental analyses. The analysis of the oxidative and thermal stability properties suggested that the
A. salmonea
extract had a higher lovastatin content than the lovastatin medicine, and the results demonstrated the superiority of the dripping pills. Overall, the results can be applied to determine the suitable conditions for the production, storage, heat treatment and food processing of
A. salmonea
extract dripping pills, and the results will be beneficial to food and pharmaceutical applications.
Epigenome alteration in chondrocytes correlates with osteoarthritis (OA) development. H3K27me3 demethylase UTX regulates tissue homeostasis and deterioration, while its role was not yet studied in ...articulating joint tissue in situ. We now uncovered that increased UTX and H3K27me3 expression in articular chondrocytes positively correlated with human knee OA. Forced UTX expression upregulated the H3K27me3 enrichment at transcription factor Sox9 promoter, inhibiting key extracellular matrix molecules collagen II, aggrecan, and glycosaminoglycan in articular chondrocytes. Utx overexpression in knee joints aggravated the signs of OA, including articular cartilage damage, synovitis, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone loss in mice. Chondrocyte-specific Utx knockout mice developed thicker articular cartilage than wild-type mice and showed few gonarthrotic symptoms during destabilized medial meniscus- and collagenase-induced joint injury. In vitro, Utx loss changed H3K27me3-binding epigenomic landscapes, which contributed to mitochondrial activity, cellular senescence, and cartilage development. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core components Eed and Suz12 were, among others, functional target genes of Utx. Specifically, Utx deletion promoted Tfam transcription, mitochondrial respiration, ATP production and Igf2 transcription but inhibited Eed and Suz12 expression. Igf2 blockade or forced Eed or Suz12 expression increased H3K27 trimethylation and H3K27me3 enrichment at Sox9 promoter, compromising Utx loss-induced extracellular matrix overproduction. Taken together, UTX repressed articular chondrocytic activity, accelerating cartilage loss during OA. Utx loss promoted cartilage integrity through epigenetic stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and Igf2 transcription. This study highlighted a novel noncanonical role of Utx, in concert with PRC2 core components, in controlling H3K27 trimethylation and articular chondrocyte anabolism and OA development.
Researchers have long been seeking multifunctional materials that can be adopted for next-generation nanoelectronics, and which, hopefully, are compatible with current semiconductor processing for ...further integration. Along this vein, complex oxides have gained numerous attention due to their versatile functionalities. Despite the fact that unbounded potential of complex oxides has been examined over the past years, one of the major challenges lies in the direct integration of these functional oxides onto existing devices or targeted substrates that are inherently incompatible in terms of oxide growth. To fulfill this goal, freestanding processes have been proposed, in which wet etching of inserted sacrificial layers is regarded as one of the most efficient ways to obtain epitaxial high-quality thin films. In this study, we propose using an alternative oxide, YBa
2
Cu
3
O
7
(YCBO), as a sacrificial layer, which can be easily dissolved in light hydrochloric acid in a more efficient way, while protecting selected complex oxides intact. The high epitaxial quality of the selected complex oxide before and after freestanding process using YBCO as a sacrificial layer is comprehensively studied via a combination of atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrical transports. This approach enables direct integration of complex oxides with arbitrary substrates and devices and is expected to offer a faster route towards the development of low-dimensional quantum materials.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls protein turnover, and its dysfunction contributes to human diseases including cancer. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from proteins to ...maintain their stability. Inhibition of DUBs could induce the degradation of selected oncoproteins and has therefore become a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. The deubiquitylase OTUD3 was reported to promote lung tumorigenesis by stabilizing oncoprotein GRP78, implying that inhibition of OTUD3 may be a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Here, we report a small-molecule inhibitor of OTUD3 (named OTUDin3) by computer-aided virtual screening and biological experimental verification. OTUDin3 exhibited pronounced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects by inhibiting deubiquitinating activity of OTUD3 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Moreover, OTUDin3 efficaciously inhibited growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice. In summary, our results support OTUDin3 as a potent inhibitor of OTUD3, the inhibition of which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
C4 leaf development and evolution Huang, Chi-Fa; Liu, Wen-Yu; Yu, Chun-Ping ...
Current opinion in plant biology,
12/2023, Letnik:
76
Journal Article
Recenzirano
C4 photosynthesis is more efficient than C3 photosynthesis for two reasons. First, C4 plants have evolved efficient C4 enzymes to suppress wasteful photorespiration and enhance CO2 fixation. Second, ...C4 leaves have Kranz anatomy in which the veins are surrounded by one layer of bundle sheath (BS) cells and one layer of mesophyll (M) cells. The BS and M cells are functionally well differentiated and also well coordinated for rapid assimilation of atmospheric CO2 and transport of photo-assimilates between the two types of cells. Recent comparative transcriptomics of developing M and BS cells in young maize embryonic leaves revealed not only potential regulators of BS and M cell differentiation but also rapid early BS cell differentiation whereas slower, more prolonged M cell differentiation, contrary to the traditional view of a far simpler process of M cell development. Moreover, new upstream regulators of Kranz anatomy development have been identified and a number of gene co-expression modules for early vascular development have been inferred. Also, a candidate gene regulatory network associated with Kranz anatomy and vascular development has been constructed. Additionally, how whole genome duplication (WGD) may facilitate C4 evolution has been studied and the reasons for why the same WGD event led to successful C4 evolution in Gynandropsis gynandra but not in the sister species Tarenaya hassleriana have been proposed. Finally, new future research directions are suggested.
The sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte has garnered attention as a potential material for next-generation all-solid-state batteries. However, during cycling, interfacial reactions between the ...sulfide solid-state electrolytes and the cathode can occur, which is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. Therefore, resolving interfacial reactions has become a crucial issue in the development of solid-state batteries. A sulfide-based all-solid-state battery paired with LiFePO4 has shown poor first-cycle discharge capacity and efficiency, which have been attributed to LiFePO4/Li6PS5Cl interfacial reactions. Thus, in this study, the microscopic LiFePO4/Li6PS5Cl interface reactions were visualized using nano-beam X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) mapping and nano-beam X-ray absorption spectroscopy (nano-XAS). The mapping evolution of the Fe valence state of LFP in a different state of charge was observed. The nano-XRF and nano-XAS tools at the nanoscale allowed for the decoupling of the interfacial reactions on the cathode/sulfide, which can shed light on new directions for an in-depth understanding of the interfacial phenomena of solid-state batteries. This study paves the way for the development of all-solid-state batteries with improved performance and stability.
The research objectives of this study were to examine the individual and combined predictive effects of the quality of online peer-feedback provided and received on primary school students' quality ...of question-generation. A correlational study was adopted, and performance data from 213 fifth-grade students engaged in online question-generation and peer assessment for six weeks were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression, with the dependent variable of scores on question-generation and independent variables of scores on peer-feedback provided and received. The results from the two-step hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the quality of peer-feedback provided and received, respectively, predicted students' quality of question-generation. Furthermore, the results from the three-step hierarchical regression analysis showed that the quality of peer-feedback provided and received in combination also predicted students' quality of question-generation. Details of the significance of this study are provided, as well as suggestions for instructional implementations.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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