The sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte has garnered attention as a potential material for next-generation all-solid-state batteries. However, during cycling, interfacial reactions between the ...sulfide solid-state electrolytes and the cathode can occur, which is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. Therefore, resolving interfacial reactions has become a crucial issue in the development of solid-state batteries. A sulfide-based all-solid-state battery paired with LiFePO4 has shown poor first-cycle discharge capacity and efficiency, which have been attributed to LiFePO4/Li6PS5Cl interfacial reactions. Thus, in this study, the microscopic LiFePO4/Li6PS5Cl interface reactions were visualized using nano-beam X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) mapping and nano-beam X-ray absorption spectroscopy (nano-XAS). The mapping evolution of the Fe valence state of LFP in a different state of charge was observed. The nano-XRF and nano-XAS tools at the nanoscale allowed for the decoupling of the interfacial reactions on the cathode/sulfide, which can shed light on new directions for an in-depth understanding of the interfacial phenomena of solid-state batteries. This study paves the way for the development of all-solid-state batteries with improved performance and stability.
Esophageal squamous neoplasm presents a spectrum of different diatheses. A precise assessment for individualized treatment depends on the accuracy of the initial diagnosis. Detection relies on ...comprehensive and accurate white-light, iodine staining, and narrow-band imaging endoscopy. These methods have limitations in addition to its invasive nature and the potential risks related to the method. These limitations include difficulties in precise tumor delineation to enable complete resection, inflammation and malignancy differentiation, and stage determination. The resolution of these problems depends on the surgeon's ability and experience with available technology for visualization and resection. We proposed a method for identifying early esophageal cancerous lesion by endoscopy and hyperspectral endoscopic imaging. Experimental result shows the characteristic spectrum of a normal esophagus, precancerous lesion, canceration, and intraepithelial papillary capillary loop can be identified through principal component score chart. The narrow-band imaging (NBI) image shows remarkable spectral characteristic distribution, and the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed method are higher than those of other methods by ~0.8 and ~0.88, respectively. The proposed method enables the accurate visualization of target organs, it may be useful to capsule endoscope and telemedicine, which requires highly precise images for diagnosis.
The research objectives of this study were to examine the individual and combined predictive effects of the quality of online peer-feedback provided and received on primary school students' quality ...of question-generation. A correlational study was adopted, and performance data from 213 fifth-grade students engaged in online question-generation and peer assessment for six weeks were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression, with the dependent variable of scores on question-generation and independent variables of scores on peer-feedback provided and received. The results from the two-step hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the quality of peer-feedback provided and received, respectively, predicted students' quality of question-generation. Furthermore, the results from the three-step hierarchical regression analysis showed that the quality of peer-feedback provided and received in combination also predicted students' quality of question-generation. Details of the significance of this study are provided, as well as suggestions for instructional implementations.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Advanced heterostructures composed of various materials can induce new physical properties and phenomena among existing materials, representing the essential foundation for modern electronics. ...Recently, many works have been carried out with novel heterostructures combining three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) materials; however, there is a lack of promising methods to fabricate 3D/2D heterostructures due to the poor interfacial quality and the incompatibility of fabrication processes. To further study the interaction between 3D and 2D materials, the fabrication of 3D/2D heterostructures with high-quality interfaces should be attempted. Here, we show the possibility of fabricating high-quality oxide remote epitaxies through layered materials for the exploration on new functionalities. Brand new heterostructures including numerous 3D oxides and MoS2 have been demonstrated and investigated. Our study clarifies a remarkable concept to realize precisely controllable 3D/2D/3D heteroepitaxies for the design and development of next-generation smart devices.
Egg is a regularly consumed food item. Currently, chlorinated water washing is the most common practice used to disinfect eggs, but this process has a negative environmental impact. A new physical ...technique, plasma-activated water (PAW), has been demonstrated to possess effective antibacterial activities without long-term chemical residue. In this study, air PAW was used to inactivate Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis on shell eggs. Different combinations of activation parameters, including water sources (reverse osmotic (RO) water, tap water), power (40 W, 50 W, 60 W) and activation time (10 min, 20 min, 30 min), were evaluated. The oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and pH values of each combination were measured, and their antibacterial activity was tested in a bacterial suspension. Higher antibacterial activities, higher ORP values, and lower pH values were obtained with higher power, longer activation time, and lower water hardness. The antibacterial activities of PAW decreased rapidly by increasing the storage time both at room and refrigeration temperatures. Afterwards, RO water was pre-activated for 20 min at 60 W, and then the eggs inoculated with S. enteritidis were placed into PAW for 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, or 120 s with a plasma on-site treatment in the water. More than a 4 log reduction was obtained with 60-s and 120-s treatments. The results showed that the freshness indexes of the eggs treated with PAW were similar to those of the untreated controls and better than those of the eggs treated with commercial processes. In addition, observation under a scanning electron microscope also showed less surface damage of the cuticle on the PAW-treated eggs than on the commercially treated eggs. The results of this study indicate that PAW could be an effective antibacterial agent with less damage to the freshness of shell eggs than commercial methods.
Traditional medicines provide a fertile ground to explore potent lead compounds, yet their transformation into modern drugs is fraught with challenges in deciphering the target that is ...mechanistically valid for its biological activity. Herein we reveal that (Z)‐(+)‐isochaihulactone (1) exhibited significant inhibition against multiple‐drug‐resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines and mice xenografts. NMR spectroscopy showed that 1 resisted an off‐target thiolate, thus indicating that 1 was a target covalent inhibitor (TCI). By identifying the pharmacophore of 1 (α,β‐unsaturated moiety), a probe derived from 1 was designed and synthesized for TCI‐oriented activity‐based proteome profiling. By MS/MS and computer‐guided molecular biology approaches, an affinity‐driven Michael addition of the noncatalytic C247 residue of GAPDH was found to control the “ON/OFF” switch of apoptosis through non‐canonically nuclear GAPDH translocation, which bypasses the common apoptosis‐resistant route of MDR cancers.
Overcoming resistance: A new class of inhibitors that target the noncatalytic C247 residue of GAPDH in an affinity‐driven manner to initiate SIAH1‐dependent apoptosis and androgen‐receptor degradation has been discovered (see picture). The affinity‐driven Michael addition of isochaihulactone was found to control the “ON/OFF” switch of apoptosis by a mechanism that bypasses the common apoptosis‐resistant route of multiple‐drug‐resistant cancers.
Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the applicability of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) miR-99a-5p as a potential head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnostic biomarker.
...Methods:
The miRNA expression of HNSCC tissue and plasma EVs were profiled by small RNA sequencing. qRT-PCR was performed to detect miR-99a-5p expression in HNSCC (
n
= 93) and benign disease (
n
= 39) plasma EVs and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue (
n
= 110). We constructed receiver-operating characteristic curves to investigate the diagnostic efficiency of plasma EVs miR-99a-5p.
Results:
Tumor tissue exhibited lower miR-99a-5p than para-tumor tissue. Patients with high miR-99a-5p expression exhibited significantly more p16 positive status. In contrast, HNSCC plasma EVs harbored more miR-99a-5p than the benign disease group. Plasma EVs miR-99a-5p distinguished HNSCC with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7494 (95% CI: 0.6692–0.8296;
p
< 0.0001), with 61.54% sensitivity and 75.27% specificity, respectively. Furthermore, plasma EVs miR-99a-5p also distinguished early HNSCC with AUC of 0.7394 (95% CI: 0.6284–0.8504;
p
= 0.0002), with 79.07% sensitivity and 61.54% specificity, respectively.
Conclusion:
Plasma EVs miR-99a-5p is a potential biomarker for predicting early HNSCC.
Despite the ubiquity and prevalence of lead (Pb) in the environment and industry, the mechanism of lead-induced neurotoxicity in the brain remains unclear, let alone its prevention and treatment. In ...this study, we hypothesized that exogenous cholesterol supplementation acts as an effective remedy for lead-induced neurodevelopmental impairments caused by lead. Forty 21-day-old male rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered 0.1 % lead water and/or 2 % cholesterol-containing feed for 30 d. Ultimately, rats in the lead group lost weight, accompanied by spatial learning and memory impairments as verified by the Morris water maze test, in which the escape latency of rats was prolonged, and the number of crossings in the target platform and the residence time in the target quadrant were significantly diminished compared to the control group. Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining illustrated that typical pathological morphology occurred in the brain tissue of the lead group, where the tissue structure was loose, the number of hippocampal neurons and granulosa cells decreased significantly and were arranged loosely, along with enlarged intercellular space, light matrix staining, and decline in Nissl bodies. In addition, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were significantly induced by lead. Immunofluorescence experiments showed apparent activation of astrocytes and microglia, followed by the enhancement of TNF-α and IL-β levels. Moreover, the MDA content in the lead group was elevated dramatically, whereas the activities of SOD and GSH were significantly inhibited. As for the mechanism, western blot and qRT-PCR experiments were performed, where lead could significantly inhibit the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway, lowering the protein expression of BDNF and TrkB. Cholesterol metabolism was also affected by lead exposure, in which cholesterol metabolism-related protein expression and gene transcription, including SREBP2, HMGCR, and LDLR, were downregulated. However, cholesterol supplementation efficiently detoxified the negative effects of lead-induced neurotoxicity, reversing the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, inactivation of the BDNF signaling pathway, and imbalance of cholesterol metabolism, thus improving the learning and memory ability of rats. In brief, our study demonstrated that cholesterol supplementation could ameliorate the deficiency of learning and memory induced by lead, which is closely associated with the initiation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and regulation of cholesterol metabolism.
Display omitted
•Lead (Pb)-induced neurotoxicity might be associated with imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis.•Supplementation of cholesterol ameliorated Pb-induced learning and memory impairments.•Amelioration of Pb-induced injury may be linked with activation of BDNF signaling and cholesterol metabolism.
PurposeRecurrent renal cell carcinoma(reRCC) is associated with poor prognosis and the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. A comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) of reRCC ...may aid in designing effective anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Single-cell transcriptomics holds great promise for investigating the TME, however, this technique has not been used in reRCC. Here, we aimed to explore the difference in the TME and gene expression pattern between primary RCC (pRCC) and reRCC at single-cell level.Experimental designWe performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of 32,073 cells from 2 pRCC, 2 reRCC, and 3 adjacent normal kidney samples. 41 pairs of pRCC and reRCC samples were collected as a validation cohort to assess differences observed in single-cell sequencing. The prognostic significance of related cells and markers were studied in 47 RCC patients underwent immunotherapy. The function of related cells and markers were validated via in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsreRCC had reduced CD8+ T cells but increased cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) infiltration compared with pRCC. Reduced CD8+ T cells and increased CAFs infiltration were significantly associated with a worse response from immunotherapy. Remarkably, CAFs showed substantial expression of LGALS1 (Gal1). In vitro, CAFs could induce CD8+ T cells apoptosis via Gal1. In vivo, knockdown of Gal1 in CAFs suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8+ T cells infiltration, reduced the proportion of apoptotic CD8+ T cells and enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy.ConclusionsWe delineated the heterogeneity of reRCC and highlighted an innovative mechanism that CAFs acted as a suppressor of CD8+ T cells via Gal1. Targeting Gal1 combined with anti-PD1 showed promising efficacy in treating RCC.
Four types of middle‐pressure chromatogram isolated gels are evaluated for adsorption or desorption characteristics of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng. Among them, SP207SS and SP2MGS were selected ...for dynamic investigations based on their static adsorption or desorption capacity of total ginsenoside. Their adsorption kinetics was better explained by pseudosecond‐order model and isotherms were preferably fitted to Langmuir model. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicated an optimum sample loading speed of 4 bed volume/h for either SP207SS or SP2MGS. Desorption speed was determined to be 2 bed volume/h according to desorption amount of total ginsenoside in their effluents. Eight ginsenosides were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadropole‐mass spectrometry in total ginsenoside extract and different fractions during stepwise dynamic elution. For SP207SS, 27.62% of loaded ginsenosides was detected in 40% ethanol fraction, while 59.12% of them were found in 60% ethanol fraction. As on SP2MGS, the number went to 53.71 and 44.43%, respectively. Recovery rate of ginsenosides were calculated to 78.65% for SP207SS and 89.53% for SP2MGS, respectively. Intriguingly, content of Rg1 and Re in 40% ethanol fraction from SP207SS became 20.1 and 18.6 times higher than that in total ginsenoside extract by one‐step elution, which could be leveraged for the facile enrichment of these two ginsenosides from natural sources.
PDF
