The results presented in this paper are an extension of our recent (Kong et al 2012 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 54 105003) studies on lower hybrid wave (LHW) coupling. By optimizing the shape of the ...LH grill, the misalignment between the poloidal limiter (PL) and the LH grill is nearly eliminated and the coupling of LHW is improved, especially on the top row, although some discrepancies are still present in the case with low edge density. Density modifications both by LHW and ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) power are studied in EAST. Experimental results show that the edge density modification in front of the LH grill during LHW power depends mainly on the competition between ponderomotive force (PMF) and the ionization of neutral gas, provided by gas puffing and edge recycling. However, the local edge density during ICRF power can be reduced rapidly. Furthermore, such a modification is more obvious with higher ICRF power and the relevant mechanism of density modification by ICRF power can be related to RF sheaths. In addition, another analogous effect of RF sheaths on the coupling of LHW is also investigated, i.e. the density convection induced by Er × B drift. The changes in LHW coupling associated with different ICRF antennas are discussed and it is shown that in some cases the coupling on the lower rows of the LH grill is improved possibly due to magnetic connection between ICRF antennas and the LH grill. The local coupling of LHW can be improved by gas puffing from gas introduction modules (GIM) on both sides of the launcher, but it is difficult to judge which one is more beneficial due to errors in measurements. Experimental results with gas (D2) injection during ICRF power clearly show that the coupling of LHW on the upper rows will be first improved by gas injection on the electron side and the coupling on the lower rows will be effectively improved by gas injection on the ion side. The results are consistent with the mapping of field lines.
Aim To compare the safety of evacuated bottle-assisted thoracentesis with wall suction-assisted thoracentesis. Materials and methods An institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance ...Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study of 161 consecutive patients who underwent 191 evacuated bottle-assisted thoracenteses from 1 January 2012 to 30 September 2012, and 188 consecutive patients who underwent 230 wall suction-assisted thoracenteses from 1 January 2013 to 30 September 2013 was conducted. All procedures used imaging guidance. Primary diagnosis, age, gender, total fluid volume removed, and adverse events (AE) up to 30 days post-procedure were recorded and graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 4. 0CTCAE 2. Results Overall AE rates were 42.9% (82/191) for the evacuated bottle group and 19.6% (45/230) for the wall suction group ( p< 0.0001). Grade I AE occurred more commonly in the evacuated bottle group than in the wall suction group, 41.9% (80/191) and 18.3% (42/230), respectively ( p <0.0001). No significant differences were observed in grade 2 0.5% (1/191) and 0% (0/230), p =0.45 or grade 3 AE 0.5% (1/191) and 1.3% (3/230), p =0.63 between the evacuated bottle and wall suction groups, respectively. No grade 4 or 5 AE occurred. Excluding transient chest pain and cough, there was no statistical difference in overall AE rate between the evacuated bottle and wall suction groups 11% (21/191) and 8.3% (19/230), p =0.4. Conclusion Image-guided thoracentesis performed with wall suction is safe when compared to evacuated bottles. The use of wall suction, in comparison to evacuated bottles, may decrease the incidence of transient chest pain or cough.
A cDNA was isolated from human brain that encodes an amino acid sequence 34-39% identical to previously published glutamate
transporter sequences. Injection of RNA transcribed from this cDNA into ...Xenopus oocytes resulted in expression of a transport
activity with the properties of the neutral amino acid uptake system ASC. Superfusion of alanine, serine, and cysteine evoked
sodium-dependent inward currents in voltage-clamped oocytes expressing the transporter. These currents were dose-dependent,
stereospecific, and saturable, with Km values ranging from 29 to 88 microM. Northern blot analyses revealed ubiquitous expression
of this gene, termed ASCT1, consistent with the general metabolic role ascribed to system ASC.
The self-propulsion of unicellular algae in still ambient fluid is studied using a previously reported laser-based tracking method, supplemented by new tracking software. A few hundred swimming cells ...are observed simultaneously and the average parameters of the cells' motility are calculated. The time-dependent, two-dimensional distribution of swimming velocities is measured and the three-dimensional distribution is recovered by assuming horizontal isotropy. The mean and variance of the cell turning angle are quantified, to estimate the reorientation time and rotational diffusivity of the bottom-heavy cell. The cells' phototactic and photokinetic responses to the laser light are evaluated. The results are generally consistent both with earlier assumptions about the nature of cell swimming and quantitative measurements, appropriately adjusted. The laser-based tracking method, which makes it possible to average over a large number of motile objects, is shown to be a powerful tool for the study of microorganism motility.
Dedicated experiments focusing on the influence of lower hybrid waves (LHWs) on edge-localized modes (ELMs) were first performed during the 2012 experimental campaign of EAST, via modulating the ...input power of LHWs in the high-confinement-mode (H-mode) plasma mainly sustained by ion cyclotron resonant heating. Natural ELMs are effectively mitigated (ELM frequency increases, while its intensity decreases dramatically) as the LHW is applied, observed over a fairly wide range of plasma current or edge safety factor. By scanning the modulation frequency (fm) of LHW injected power in a target plasma dominated by the so-called small ELMs, we conclude that large ELMs with markedly larger amplitudes and lower frequencies are reproduced at low modulation frequencies (fm < 100 Hz). Analysis of the evolution of edge extreme ultraviolet radiation signals further indicates that plasma fluctuations at the pedestal region indistinctively respond to rapid modulation (fm 100 Hz) of LHW injected power. This is proposed as the mechanism responsible for the observed fm dependence of the mitigation effect induced by LHWs on large ELMs. In addition, a critical threshold of LHW input power PLHW is estimated as , beyond which the impact of applied LHWs on ELM behaviours can be achieved. Finally, Langmuir probe measurements suggest that, rather than the concentration of free energy into a narrowband quasi-coherent precursor commonly observed growing until the ELM crash, the continuous development of broadband turbulence during the ELM-absent phase with the application of LHWs might contribute to the avoidance of ELM crashes. These results present new insights into existing experiments, and also provide some foundations and references for the next-step research about exploring in more depth and improving this new attractive method to effectively control the ELM-induced very large transient heat and particle flux.
Investigation of high spin states in 133Cs Xu, Q.; Xiao, Z. G.; Zhu, S. J. ...
The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei,
2018/5, Letnik:
54, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
.
High spin states in
133
Cs nucleus have been studied with the reaction
130
Te (
7
Li, 4n) at a beam energy of 38 MeV. The level scheme has been expanded with spin up to 31/2
ℏ
. Compared with a ...recent paper, ground state band and other two collective band structures at lower spin states have been confirmed. Another collective band structure at higher spin states as well as some levels and transitions are updated. Compared with the experimental data, large-scale shell model and tilted axis cranking model calculations have been carried out. The results show that the band-head configuration of yrast band based on
7
/
2
+
ground state and the side band built on the
5
/
2
+
state are a pair of pseudospin partner states with
π
f
˜
7
/
2
,
5
/
2
. The negative parity band based on 1071.5 keV level originates from
π
h
11
/
2
orbital. Another band built on 2642.9 keV level at high spin states has been proposed with oblate deformation. Other characteristics for these bands were also discussed.
We have successfully fabricated ZnO nanoparticles by anodizing Zn sheet in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. Morphology observations demonstrate that the sizes of the ZnO nanoparticles have a tendency ...to increase with rising anodic voltage. Detailed structural characterizations illuminate that oxygen vacancies exist in the anodic ZnO nanoparticles with wurtzite structure. Photoluminescence from the ZnO nanoparticles exhibits a very broad visible emission band, which can be Gaussian divided into three subbands around 2.4, 2.8, and 3.0 eV. Spectral examinations and analyses reveal that the three subbands are connected with oxygen vacancies, interstitial zinc sites, and the ZnOx matrix, respectively. Our results improve the understanding of the light-emitting mechanism in ZnO nanomaterials.
Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is a facultative intracellular fungal pathogen that causes acute and chronic pneumonia. In this study, we investigated the role of the pulmonary collectins, surfactant ...proteins (SP) A and D, in the clearance of Hc yeast from the lung. Exposure of yeast to either collectin induced a dose-dependent decrease in 3Hleucine incorporation by several strains of Hc. This decrement was attributed to killing of the collectin-exposed yeast since it failed to grow on agar medium. Exposure to SP-A or -D resulted in increased yeast permeability based on a leak of protein from the organism and enhanced access of an impermeant substrate to intracellular alkaline phosphatase. Inbred and outbred SP-A null (-/-) mice were modestly more susceptible to pulmonary infection with Hc than strain and age-matched SP-A (+/+) control mice. The increase in susceptibility was associated with a decrement in the number of CD8+ cells in the lungs of SP-A-/- mice. Neither SP-A nor SP-D inhibited the growth of macrophage-internalized Hc. We conclude that the SP-A and SP-D are antimicrobial proteins that directly inhibit the growth of Hc by increasing permeability of the organism and that Hc gains asylum from collectin-mediated killing by rapid entry into pulmonary macrophages.
An activated carbon–methanol adsorption refrigeration system is tested, in which the performances of a granular bed and a solidified bed are compared. Results are presented and the effects of heat ...and mass transfer are analyzed. It is proved that the coefficient of performance of refrigeration (COP) is increased by 60% if heat and mass recovery is used for a two-granular-bed system. It is also shown that the heat transfer in a solidified bed is much better than that in a granular bed, but the mass transfer in a solidified bed is critical. Two new adsorbers are designed after analyzing the influence of mass transfer on the performance of the solidified bed, and the arrangement of mass transfer channels is fully taken into account. The simulation of this new designed ice maker shows that the optimal cycle time is about 35
min, and the corresponding specific cooling power (SCP) is SCP=35
W/kg at −10
°C evaporating temperature. The new designed system (two adsorbers, each containing 60
kg activated carbon) is set up and tested; its evaporating temperature is as low as about −15
°C, and its optimal ice production is about 20
kg/h.
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