Observation of η ′ → ω e + e Achasov, M. N.; Amoroso, A.; An, F. F. ...
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
09/2015, Letnik:
92, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Couplings of lower hybrid wave (LHW) with different divertor configurations are studied in EAST. With an anti-clockwise toroidal magnetic field and similar plasma parameters, experimental results ...show that the best coupling occurs in the lower single null (LSN) configuration, whereas the worst occurs in the double-null plasma. Furthermore, for the case of clockwise toroidal magnetic field, the coupling of LHW becomes better in the upper single null configuration and worse in the LSN plasma. Such phenomena show that the LHW coupling with different divertor configurations is possibly related to the flux induced by Er × Bt and edge recycling intensity represented by Da, where Er is the radial electric field in the scrape-off layer. In addition, various edge-localized modes (ELMs), including its intensity and frequency, have impacts on LHW coupling. With increasing ELM frequency in low edge recycling, the intensity of Da would decrease and the associated coupling of LHW should deteriorate. For the case of comparable edge density, the coupling of LHW is almost not influenced by the ELM crash. Results indicate that the changes among Da intensity, ELM frequency and the reflection coefficients of LHW power are self-consistent. Studies show that by gas puffing the nearby LH grill can improve the coupling of LHW during H-mode in EAST. Meanwhile, it is observed that the frequency of ELM should decrease and the plasma confinement should be improved with proper gas puffing, whereas excessive gas puffing should increase the frequency of ELM during H-mode in the case of good LHW coupling. Results also indicate a degradation in confinement performance at increasing puffing rate.
The surface cleanness of Ti-IF steel, including head, transition, end and normal slabs, was studied by original position analyser. The content, number, size and porosity of inclusions on the surface ...were obtained. The results showed that: the contents of inclusions in head and end slabs were significantly higher than in normal or transition slabs and fluctuated significantly in non-steady state slabs within 3.5 mm of the surface; the porosity in 3.5 mm of slab surface was lower than other positions; the surface cleanliness order was normal slab>transition slab>end slab>head slab; a reasonable surface peeling thickness for non-steady state slabs was 3.5 mm. The energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that more lump Al
2
O
3
existed in the head slabs, and slag entrapment inclusions also appeared frequently in the end slabs. The main effect factors for cleanness of the head and end slabs were reoxidation and slag entrapment.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary This 6-month study examined the efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene 20 mg in postmenopausal Asian women. Bazedoxifene showed statistically significant improvements over placebo in bone ...mineral density at all skeletal sites evaluated. Bazedoxifene significantly reduced bone turnover and had favorable effects on lipid parameters. Bazedoxifene was safe and well tolerated. Introduction This 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study conducted in China, Korea, and Taiwan evaluated the efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Asian women. Methods Generally, healthy postmenopausal Asian women (N = 487; mean age, 57.2 years; mean lumbar spine bone mineral density BMD, −1.1) were randomized to daily therapy with bazedoxifene 20 mg or placebo; all subjects received daily supplemental calcium carbonate 600 mg. The changes from baseline in BMD at the lumbar spine (primary end point) and at other skeletal sites, bone turnover markers, and lipid parameters were evaluated at 6 months. Safety assessments included adverse event (AE) reporting and physical/gynecologic examination. Results At 6 months, women who received bazedoxifene 20 mg had significantly greater BMD compared with those receiving placebo at the lumbar spine (0.41% vs −0.32%, P < 0.01), femoral neck (−0.08% vs −0.69%, P = 0.014), trochanter (0.50% vs −0.23%, P = 0.010), and total hip (−0.03% vs −0.77%, P < 0.001), respectively. Bazedoxifene 20 mg was also associated with significant differences from placebo in median percent reductions from baseline in serum C-telopeptide (−21.8%, P < 0.001) and osteocalcin (−12.9%, P < 0.001) levels and total (−5.0%, P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−9.5%, P < 0.001) levels. The incidence of AEs was not different between subjects treated with bazedoxifene and those who received placebo. Conclusion Bazedoxifene was generally safe and effective in preventing bone loss in this short-term study of postmenopausal Asian women.
Summary
Background Tacrolimus (FK506) ointment has been used for treatment of inflammatory dermatoses with remarkable success. Our previous studies have indicated that direct modulation of ...tacrolimus on keratinocytes (KCs) may have an impact on its therapeutic effect. The use of monoclonal antibody specific for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α has shown efficacy in treating both psoriasis and Crohn disease. Topical tacrolimus has also been shown to be effective for treating cutaneous manifestations of both diseases.
Objectives To explore the effects of FK506 on human KCs in terms of TNF‐α secretion and to investigate the regulatory pathway involved.
Methods Ultraviolet (UV) B‐irradiated cultured KCs were treated with various concentrations of FK506. At indicated time points after UVB irradiation we determined: (i) the TNF‐α concentrations present in the culture supernatants; (ii) the activation and translocation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB in the cell nucleus; and (iii) the protein expressions of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκB in the cell lysates. In addition, a mouse model was used to corroborate our in vitro findings in vivo. More specifically, topical tacrolimus was applied on to mouse skin unilaterally after UVB irradiation. The effects of FK506 on nuclear NF‐κB expression of UVB‐irradiated mouse skin were determined.
Results Our results showed that FK506 dose‐dependently downregulated the secretion of TNF‐α from UVB‐irradiated KCs. The activation and translocation of NF‐κB in UVB‐irradiated KCs were also dose‐dependently suppressed by FK506. The degradation of IκB induced by UVB was also inhibited by FK506, while no change in IKK expression was noted regardless of UVB and FK506 treatment. Murine skin biopsies showed that nuclear NF‐κB expression induced by UVB was inhibited by topical tacrolimus treatment.
Conclusions Our results indicate that FK506 inhibits TNF‐α secretion in human KCs via direct regulation of NF‐κB. This modulatory effect of FK506 on KCs offers a possible mechanism for how topical tacrolimus regulates cutaneous inflammatory conditions.
This study develops a mathematical model for the analysis of pressure behavior in fractured lithophysal reservoirs. The lithophysal rock is described as a tri-continuum medium, consisting of ...fractures, rock matrices, and cavities. In the conceptual model, fractures have homogeneous properties throughout and interact with rock matrices and cavities that have different permeabilities and porosities. Global flow occurs through the fracture network only, while rock matrices and cavities contain the majority of fluid storage and provide fluid drainage to the fractures. Interporosity flows between the triple media are described using a pseudosteady-state concept and the system is characterized by interporosity transmissivity ratios and storativity ratio of each continuum. Pressure behavior is analyzed by examining the pressure drawdown curves, the derivative plots, and the effects of the characteristic parameters. Typical pressure responses from fractures, matrices, and cavities are represented by three semilog straight lines; the transitions by two troughs below the stabilization lines in the derivative plots. The analytical solution to the proposed model is further verified using a numerical simulation. The analytical model has also been applied to a published field-buildup well test and is able to match the pressure buildup data.
Forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1) is an important transcription factor implicated in adipogenesis. In this study, we detected the breed differences in FoxO1 between Bamei pigs (an obese breed) and Large White ...pigs (a lean breed). Compared with Large White pigs, the BW of Bamei pigs was lower (P < 0.01), but back fat thickness, fat percent, and intramuscular fat content were greater (P < 0.01). The levels of FoxO1 mRNA and protein were lower (P < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of Bamei pigs at 180 d, adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction extracted from SAT of Bamei pigs at 1 d compared with Large White pigs. Knockdown of FoxO1 increased triglyceride content (P < 0.01) and upregulated the levels of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein, PPARγ, and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) at 6 d after porcine preadipocytes were induced. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulation of FoxO1 through C/EBPβ during early porcine preadipocyte differentiation and the effect of insulin on phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signal pathway by FoxO1 were examined. The results indicated that FoxO1 inhibited transcription activity of C/EBPβ, whereas C/EBPβ did not affect transcription activity of FoxO1. At 6 and 12 h of early differentiation, knockdown of FoxO1 triggered the transcription activity of C/EBPβ. In addition, FoxO1 protein interacted with C/EBPβ protein in porcine adipocytes at 12 h after induction. Under treatment with 100 nM insulin, knockdown or overexpression of FoxO1 mediated PI3K/GSK3β signaling via upregulating or downregulating the levels of GSK3β and its phosphorylation in adipocytes. Taken together, there is low, but detectable, expression of FoxO1 in SAT of obese pigs and FoxO1 inhibited adipogenesis through C/EBPβ and PI3K/GSK3β signaling pathway. These findings provide useful information to further the understanding of the function of FoxO1 in porcine adipogenesis.
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