Camellia oil is obtained from the camellia seed with various cultivated species (Camellia. oleifera (C. oleifera), C. meiocarpa, C. vietnamensis, C. yuhsienensis, C. chekiangoleosa, C. semiserrata, ...C. reticulata, C. gigantocarpa, C. octopetala, C. semiserrata var. abliflora etc.), by widely used cold press extraction. As the earliest specie with high oil yield (40–60%) in China, C. oleifera, has become the most commonly available seed for camellia oil manufacturing. Because of its high nutritional and economic value, camellia oil is frequently adulterated with other cheap oils. Additionally, its quality is also susceptible to different species or regions, and various extraction technologies. These factors result in the incorrect labeling of camellia oil, and destabilize the local camellia oil market economies. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method should be prerequisite to authenticate camellia oil.
The officially recommended methods are tedious, and destructive to detect camellia oil adulteration. Therefore, various rapid, precise, and non-destructive techniques should be developed for camellia oil authentication. This present review provides a critical overview of these existing analytical methods in the past few years.
The mass-chromatographic, spectroscopy techniques, and other techniques including electronic noses (e-noses), isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and DNA, have been used for camellia oil authentication. Compared with the traditional chromatographic methods, infrared spectroscopy (IR), Fourier transformed (FT)-Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and fluorescence spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics, respectively, are efficient alternative analytical techniques for camellia oil quality control.
•Camellia oil is frequently adulterated with other cheap oils.•Camellia oil quality is susceptible to different species and extraction methods.•Various rapid and non-destructive techniques could authenticate camellia oil.•Spectroscopy with chemometrics is efficient for camellia oil authentication.
The scaffolding protein programmed cell death protein 10 (Pdcd10) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in renal epithelial cell homeostasis and function by maintaining appropriate water ...reabsorption in collecting ducts. Both ureter and kidney collecting duct systems are derived from the ureter bud during development. Here, we report that cadherin‐16 (Cdh16)‐cre drives gene recombination with high specificity in the ureter, but not the bladder, urothelium. The consequences of Pdcd10 deletion on the stratified ureter urothelium were investigated using an integrated approach including messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis, immunocytochemistry, and high‐resolution confocal and electron microscopy. Loss of Pdcd10 in the ureter urothelium resulted in increased expression of uroplakins (Upks) and keratins (Krts), as well as hypertrophy of the ureter urothelium with an associated increase in the number of proliferation marker protein Ki‐67 (Ki67)‐expressing cells specifically within the basal urothelium layer. Ultrastructural analysis documented significant modification of the intracellular membrane system, including intracellular vesicle genesis and transport along the basal‐ to umbrella‐cell‐layer axis. Additionally, Pdcd10 loss resulted in swelling of Golgi compartments, disruption of mitochondrial cristae structure, and increased lysosomal fusion. Lack of Pdcd10 also resulted in decreased fusiform vesicle formation in umbrella cells, increased secretion of exosome vesicles, and alteration in microvillar structure on apical membranes. Our findings indicate that Pdcd10 expression and its influence on homeostasis is associated with modulation of endomembrane trafficking and organelle biogenesis in the ureter urothelium.
Deletion of Pdcd10 in ureteral urothelium increases the expression of uroplakins and keratins and leads to urothelial thickening. At subcellular level, deletion of Pdcd10 results in abnormalities in the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria, and the loss of microvilli between basal layer and intermediate layer cells. While the cell junctions between umbrella cells are maintained, deletion of Pdcd10 increases the density of microvilli on the apical surface and exosome secretion.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising treatment option for potential resectable gastric cancer, but patients' responses vary. We aimed to develop and validate a radiomics score (rad_score) to ...predict treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to investigate its efficacy in survival stratification.
A total of 106 patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy before gastrectomy were included (training cohort: n = 74; validation cohort: n = 32). Radiomics features were extracted from the pre-treatment portal venous-phase CT. After feature reduction, a rad_score was established by Randomised Tree algorithm. A rad_clinical_score was constructed by integrating the rad_score with clinical variables, so was a clinical score by clinical variables only. The three scores were validated regarding their discrimination and clinical usefulness. The patients were stratified into two groups according to the score thresholds (updated with post-operative clinical variables), and their survivals were compared.
In the validation cohort, the rad_score demonstrated a good predicting performance in treatment response to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (AUC 95% CI =0.82 0.67, 0.98), which was better than the clinical score (based on pre-operative clinical variables) without significant difference (0.62 0.42, 0.83, P = 0.09). The rad_clinical_score could not further improve the performance of the rad_score (0.70 0.51, 0.88, P = 0.16). Based on the thresholds of these scores, the high-score groups all achieved better survivals than the low-score groups in the whole cohort (all P < 0.001).
The rad_score that we developed was effective in predicting treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in stratifying patients with gastric cancer into different survival groups. Our proposed strategy is useful for individualised treatment planning.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A multiyear, multitechnique study was conducted to estimate latent heat flux within a temperate mixed forest of broad‐leaved and coniferous trees of Changbai Mountains in northeastern China. Three ...different methods were used, including eddy covariance (EC), Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and Penman‐Monteith (PM), during the growing seasons (May to September) of 2003–2005. BREB‐ and PM‐based latent heat fluxes calculated with micrometeorological variables of different reference levels were analyzed and those of the topmost reference level were the most similar to the EC measurements. The latent heat fluxes (LE) estimated with the three methods showed similar diurnal and seasonal courses. The maximum of monthly averaged daily LE appeared in July and August. Although the three methods gave the roughly consistent result, dispersion among them still existed in the experiment. PM method usually gave the highest latent heat flux among the three methods. Sum of the half‐hourly values from BREB and PM methods of the three growing seasons took 81.2% and 131% of that from EC measurement. The discrepancy between BREB estimates, as well as PM estimates, and EC measurements was analyzed with regard to vapor pressure deficit. Several reasons leading to the uncertainty of BREB and PM methods were discussed, including the assumptions in the two methods, source area and the influence of environmental factors.
Objectives
Pretreatment evaluation of tumor biology and microenvironment is important to predict prognosis and plan treatment. We aimed to develop nomograms based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI to ...predict microvascular invasion (MVI), tumor differentiation, and immunoscore.
Methods
This retrospective study included 273 patients with HCC who underwent preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Patients were assigned to two groups: training (
N
= 191) and validation (
N
= 82). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate clinical variables and MRI features’ associations with MVI, tumor differentiation, and immunoscore. Nomograms were developed based on features associated with these three histopathological features in the training cohort, then validated, and evaluated.
Results
Predictors of MVI included tumor size, rim enhancement, capsule, percent decrease in T1 images (T1
D
%), standard deviation of apparent diffusion coefficient, and alanine aminotransferase levels, while capsule, peritumoral enhancement, mean relaxation time on the hepatobiliary phase (T1
E
), and alpha-fetoprotein levels predicted tumor differentiation. Predictors of immunoscore included the radiologic score constructed by tumor number, intratumoral vessel, margin, capsule, rim enhancement, T1
D
%, relaxation time on plain scan (T1
P
), and alpha-fetoprotein and alanine aminotransferase levels. Three nomograms achieved good concordance indexes in predicting MVI (0.754, 0.746), tumor differentiation (0.758, 0.699), and immunoscore (0.737, 0.726) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively.
Conclusion
MRI-based nomograms effectively predict tumor behaviors in HCC and may assist clinicians in prognosis prediction and pretreatment decisions.
Key Points
• This study developed and validated three nomograms based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI to predict MVI, tumor differentiation, and immunoscore in patients with HCC.
• The pretreatment prediction of tumor microenvironment may be useful to guide accurate prognosis and planning of surgical and immunological therapies for individual patients with HCC.
Purpose. In this study, we proposed an automated deep learning (DL) method for head and neck cancer (HNC) gross tumor volume (GTV) contouring on positron emission tomography-computed tomography ...(PET-CT) images. Materials and Methods. PET-CT images were collected from 22 newly diagnosed HNC patients, of whom 17 (Database 1) and 5 (Database 2) were from two centers, respectively. An oncologist and a radiologist decided the gold standard of GTV manually by consensus. We developed a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and trained the network based on the two-dimensional PET-CT images and the gold standard of GTV in the training dataset. We did two experiments: Experiment 1, with Database 1 only, and Experiment 2, with both Databases 1 and 2. In both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, we evaluated the proposed method using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy. We compared the median results in Experiment 2 (GTVa) with the performance of other methods in the literature and with the gold standard (GTVm). Results. A tumor segmentation task for a patient on coregistered PET-CT images took less than one minute. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of the proposed method in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 was 0.481∼0.872 and 0.482∼0.868, respectively. The DSC of GTVa was better than that in previous studies. A high correlation was found between GTVa and GTVm (R = 0.99, P<0.001). The median volume difference (%) between GTVm and GTVa was 10.9%. The median values of DSC, sensitivity, and precision of GTVa were 0.785, 0.764, and 0.789, respectively. Conclusion. A fully automatic GTV contouring method for HNC based on DCNN and PET-CT from dual centers has been successfully proposed with high accuracy and efficiency. Our proposed method is of help to the clinicians in HNC management.
A new Cd‐MOF containing the nucleobase adenine and multicarboxylates, Cd2(tdc)2(1H‐ade)2(H2O) (H2tdc = 2,5‐thiophene carboxylic acid, 1H‐ade = adenine), was synthesized successfully under ...hydrothermal condition and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescence. The two crystallographically unsymmetrical Cd atoms are bridged by 2,5‐tdc ligands with (κ1‐κ1)‐(κ1)‐μ3 and (κ1–κ1)–μ2 modes into two dimensional extended layers, which are further pillared with the neutral ade molecules to form a 3D frameworks stabilized by extensive π···π interactions between imidazole‐, pyrimidine‐ and thiophene‐rings. Inspection of the structure reveals that the architecture can be simplified as a 3,4,5‐ connected networks with a Schläfli symbol of (62·8)(42·63·8)(42·65·83). The photochemical property shows that the luminescent emission can be significantly quenched by aromatic azo compounds. The quenching effect coefficient (Ksv) for bis(4‐imidazol‐1‐yl‐phenyl)diazene is determined to be 4.1 × 104 m–1, indicating the title compound as a potential fluorescent sensing materials.
The MYC oncoprotein activates and represses gene expression in a transcription‐dependent or transcription‐independent manner. Modification of mRNA emerges as a key gene expression regulatory nexus. ...We sought to determine whether MYC alters mRNA modifications and report here that MYC promotes cancer progression by down‐regulating N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) preferentially in transcripts of a subset of MYC‐repressed genes (MRGs). We find that MYC activates the expression of ALKBH5 and reduces m6A levels in the mRNA of the selected MRGs SPI1 and PHF12. We also show that MYC‐regulated m6A controls the translation of MRG mRNA via the specific m6A reader YTHDF3. Finally, we find that inhibition of ALKBH5, or overexpression of SPI1 or PHF12, effectively suppresses the growth of MYC‐deregulated B‐cell lymphomas, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism by which MYC suppresses gene expression by altering m6A modifications in selected MRG transcripts promotes cancer progression.
SYNOPSIS
MYC suppresses gene expression by indirectly altering m6A modifications in transcripts of MYC‐repressed genes via ALKBH5 to promote cancer progression.
MYC indirectly down‐regulates m6A levels in mRNA and inhibits protein expression of selected MRG transcripts.
MYC transcriptionally activates the m6A demethylases ALKBH5 and FTO.
ALKBH5 removes m6A and YTHDF3 binds m6A‐modified mRNAs to regulate the translation of SPI1/PHF12.
The MYC‐ALKBH5‐m6A‐SPI1/PHF12 axis is critical for cancer progression.
MYC suppresses gene expression by indirectly altering m6A modifications in transcripts of MYC‐repressed genes via ALKBH5 to promote cancer progression.
Differential diagnosis of tumors is important for computer-aided diagnosis. In computer-aided diagnosis systems, expert knowledge of lesion segmentation masks is limited as it is only used during ...preprocessing or as supervision to guide feature extraction. To improve the utilization of lesion segmentation masks, this study proposes a simple and effective multitask learning network that improves medical image classification using self-predicted segmentation as guiding knowledge; we call this network RS<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{2}</tex-math></inline-formula>-net. In RS<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{2}</tex-math></inline-formula>-net, the predicted segmentation probability map obtained from the initial segmentation inference is added to the original image to form a new input, which is then reinput to the network for the final classification inference. We validated the proposed RS<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{2}</tex-math></inline-formula>-net using three datasets: the pNENs-Grade dataset, which tested the prediction of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm grading, and the HCC-MVI dataset, which tested the prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma, and ISIC 2017 public skin lesion dataset. The experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy of reusing self-predicted segmentation is effective, and RS<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{2}</tex-math></inline-formula>-net outperforms other popular networks and existing state-of-the-art studies. Interpretive analytics based on feature visualization demonstrates that the improved classification performance of our reuse strategy is due to the semantic information that can be acquired in advance in a shallow network.
The aim of this study was to validate the preventive effects of koumine (KM), a monoterpene indole alkaloid, on gouty arthritis (GA) and to explore its possible mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were ...intraperitoneally administered KM (0.8, 2.4 or 7.2 mg/kg), colchicine (3.0 mg/kg) or sterile saline. One hour later, a monosodium urate (MSU) suspension was injected into the right hind paws of the mice to establish an acute gout model. Inflammation symptoms were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold was evaluated at 0, 6 and 24 h. After 24 h, the mice were euthanized, and the joint tissue, kidney and blood were collected for subsequent experiments. Histological examination and antioxidant enzyme, kidney index and serum uric acid (UA) measurements were taken. The expression levels of the signalling pathway components were determined. KM effectively alleviated the symptoms of redness, swelling and pain; counteracted inflammatory cell infiltration; and increased antioxidant enzyme levels, reduced kidney index and seru UA levels through regulating UA excretion in MSU-induced mice. The expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signalling pathway proteins and mRNA were reduced in the KM group. These results suggest that KM may be effective in alleviating GA through the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
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