Aims
The study compares the differences in self‐care knowledge, self‐efficacy, psychological distress and self‐management between patients with early‐ and end‐stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), and ...predicts the influential factors of self‐management.
Design
A cross‐sectional study.
Methods
A total of 185 subjects by using convenience sampling from one teaching hospital were collected. The research instruments included the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Care Instrument Knowledge, the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Efficacy Instrument, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Chronic Kidney Disease Self‐Management Instrument. Descriptive statistics is used frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics is used independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. STROBE checklist was used as the guideline for this study.
Results
Our results showed that a significant difference was found in the age (p = 0.005), systolic pressure (p = .006), self‐care knowledge (p = .011) and depression level (p = .003) between patients with early‐ and end‐stage CKD. Furthermore, patients with early‐stage CKD have less self‐care knowledge and lower depression levels compared with patients with end‐stage CKD. However, self‐efficacy is the most significant predictor of self‐management for patients with early‐ and end‐stage CKD. For patients with early‐stage CKD, self‐efficacy explained 69.1% of the variation in self‐management.
Conclusion
According to our results, the management of depression in patients with CKD may improve their outcomes. Improving self‐care knowledge of patients with end‐stage CKD may improve their self‐management. Therefore, our findings suggest various interventions with different necessary and prioritised precision care at early‐ and late‐stage of CKD.
Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses should strive to improve the self‐care knowledge of patients with early‐stage CKD to delay the progression of the disease to end‐stage. Screening for depression among patients with end‐stage CKD is relevant, and these patients should be referred to professional counsellors when necessary.
Banana fruit (Musa acuminate L.) ripening is a complex genetical process affected by multiple phytohormones and expression of various genes. However, whether plant hormone brassinosteroid (BR) is ...involved in this process remains obscure. In this work, three genes that encode BR core signaling components brassinazole resistant (BZR) proteins, namely MaBZR1 to MaBZR3, were characterized from banana fruit. MaBZR1‐MaBZR3 exhibited both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization and behaved as transcription inhibitors. Expression analysis showed that MaBZR1/2/3 were continuously decreased as fruit ripening proceeded, indicating their negative roles in banana ripening. Moreover, gel shift and transient expression assays demonstrated that MaBZR1/2 could suppress the transcription of ethylene biosynthetic genes, including MaACS1, MaACO13 and MaACO14, which increased gradually during the banana ripening, via specifically binding to CGTGT/CG sequence in their promoters. Importantly, exogenous application of BRs promotes banana ripening, which is presumably due to the accelerated expression of MaACS1 and MaACO13/14, and consequently the ethylene production. Our study indicates that MaBZR1/2 act as transcriptional repressors of ethylene biosynthetic genes during banana fruit ripening.
Due to the popularization of distributed generators (DGs) and diversity of loads, hybrid microgrid, mixing AC/DC subgrids, has gradually become a popular research topic. However, there is lack of ...research results to achieve the control objectives of precise AC/DC bus voltage/frequency restoration and global power sharing among DGs in hybrid microgrid within a predefined time. In this article, a distributed predefined-time controller (DPTC) is designed to achieve the above objectives with unknown load power by employing a class <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">K^{1}</tex-math></inline-formula> function and defining a unified error. The convergence time of bus voltage and output power of converters can be adjusted by a predefined parameter. Moreover, a distributed predefined-time observer is proposed to rely less on direct load measurements and guarantee the controller implementation in emergencies when load information is unavailable. Through hardware-in-the-loop experiment tests, the effectiveness of the DPTC is verified in scenarios of load change and plug-and-play. Comparative experiment indicates that the proposed controller has the potential for convenient adjustment of convergence time and the advantage of small overshoot.
Accessible summary
What is known on the subject?
Readiness to change has been documented as a factor affecting alcohol treatment attendance, engagement and outcome.
Knowledge regarding readiness to ...change and its influencing factors in patients with alcoholic liver diseases will inform the development of relevant interventions to help these patients to successfully stop drinking.
What this paper adds to existing knowledge?
The scores in all three dimensions of readiness, recognition, ambivalence and taking steps, were low.
For the recognition stage, age, drinking severity and stigma are important factors to be considered.
For the ambivalence stage, age and drinking severity are important influencing factors.
For the taking steps stage, drinking refusal self‐efficacy and depression should be the focus.
Instead of negative associations, we found that age and drinking severity, self‐stigma and depression were positively associated with readiness to change.
Patients who are younger and have higher drinking severity, higher self‐stigma, higher self‐efficacy and severe depression are more likely to change alcohol use.
What are the implications for practice?
Age, drinking severity, self‐stigma, drinking refusal self‐efficacy and depression are important factors to be considered when mental health nurses try to increase psychological preparedness for changing alcohol use in patients with alcoholic liver diseases.
Different factors must be considered for patients in different stages of readiness to change.
Different alcohol treatments are needed for different patient populations.
Introduction
Readiness to change (RC) refers to the willingness or psychological preparedness for changing alcohol use. Knowledge regarding factors influencing RC is crucial for developing alcohol treatment plans.
Aims
The study's purpose was to investigate RC and its influencing factors in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The factors explored include demographics, disease characteristics, drinking severity, self‐stigma, depression, social support and self‐efficacy.
Method
This is a cross‐sectional study using self‐reported questionnaires.
Results
Eighty‐seven patients with ALD were recruited. Their scores in all three dimensions of readiness, recognition, ambivalence and taking steps, were low. Self‐stigma, age and drinking severity explained 32.3% variation in recognition. Drinking severity and age explained 21.5% variation in ambivalence. Self‐efficacy, depression and age explained 19.3% variation in taking steps.
Discussion
Instead of negative associations, we found that age, drinking severity, self‐stigma and depression were positively associated with RC. Younger patients with higher drinking severity, higher self‐stigma, higher self‐efficacy and severe depression are more likely to change alcohol use.
Implications for practice
Mental health nurses should consider factors such as age, drinking severity, self‐stigma, self‐efficacy and depression, while trying to increase patients’ RC. More specifically, strategies to increase self‐efficacy and interventions to support coping are needed.
Relevance statement
Many ALD patients needing treatment for problematic alcohol use can be effectively managed in primary care with appropriate specialist support. An experienced specialist mental health nurse can play this role. Mental health nurses are important members of alcohol addiction treatment teams. Traditionally, most nurses working in alcohol therapy services have been mental health specialists and work in a partnership model with physicians and other healthcare professionals. The influencing factors found in this study can further inform mental health nurses to recognize and work more effectively with ALD patients’ alcohol problems.
The important role of self-efficacy in facilitating health behavior and, in turn, promoting health outcomes has been widely presumed in the theoretical literature. However, little research has ...focused on the mechanism by which self-care mediates the relationship between symptom-management self-efficacy and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between symptom-management self-efficacy and quality of life in Taiwanese oncology outpatients with breast cancer and then proposes self-care as a mediator between these two factors.
This cross-sectional study enrolled 201 oncology outpatients at one teaching hospital in metropolitan Taipei City, Taiwan. The research instruments included the Symptom-Management Self-Efficacy Scale-Cancer (SMSES-Breast Ca.), the Self-Care Scale, and the European Organization for Research & Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30).
Symptom-management self-efficacy (SMSE) was directly associated with the QOL of the participants (β = 5.94, p < .001). Moreover, SMSE was indirectly associated with QOL through self-care. Self-care was found to mediate the relationship between symptom-management self-efficacy and global QOL (indirect effect = 0.54, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.18). The level of 95% CI was significant.
The present study supports that self-efficacy beliefs and self-care both significantly and positively influence the quality of life of patients.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infected people, increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance (PDR). In this study, the prevalence of PDR was evaluated ...in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.
Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China. Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.
In total, 1711 eligible patients (76.0% male; 87.8% aged ≥ 25 years) were included, of which 117 (6.8%) had PDR. The highest rates of PDR were 12.2% in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9% in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.57-4.44) and individuals from Liangshan, Dehong, and Lincang (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.26-3.30). In total, 754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks. Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations, two networks contained subjects from Liangshan, and one network contained subjects from Dehong.
Overall, the PDR prevalence was moderate, with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics. These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
A catalytic bicyclization reaction of 1,5-enynes anchored by α,β-conjugates with arylsulfonyl radicals generated
from sulfonyl hydrazides has been established using TBAI (20 mol%) and Cu(OAc)
(5 ...mol%) as co-catalysts under convenient conditions. In addition, the use of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the oxidant and pivalic acid (PivOH) as an additive was proven to be necessary for this reaction. The reactions occurred through 5-
-dig/6-
-trig bicyclizations and homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) cascade mechanisms to give benzo
fluorens regioselectively. A similar catalytic process was developed for the synthesis of γ-ketosulfones. These reactions feature readily accessible starting materials and simple one-pot operation.
Aim
The aim of this study was to develop and initially assess the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer (CSES‐OC).
Methods
In total, 28 items in the ...Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer were originally employed for a reliability and validity test based on expert suggestions and qualitative findings. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test–retest reliability were evaluated with the pilot sample, which included 30 caregivers. The main test, which included 107 caregivers during May 2016 to 2018, was used to execute the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and concurrent validity.
Results
The results of the main test showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .95 for the revised 18‐item total scale after EFA. Four factors (acquiring resources, managing sudden and uncertain patient conditions, managing patient‐related nutritional issues and exploring and making decisions on patient care) were classified from EFA of the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer. The r coefficient was .59 (P < .01), which supported the concurrent validity between CSES‐OC and General Self‐Efficacy Scale.
Conclusion
The study results show appropriate psychometric properties for the Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer that was constructed for evaluating caregiver caregiving self‐efficacy in caring for family members with oral cancer.
Summary statement
What is already known about this topic?
It is important to evaluate the caregivers' positive belief in their family members care abilities if they are to accomplish the tasks required of them when faced various difficulties at home.
There is no instrument that measured perceived caregiving self‐efficacy in caregiver in caring for a sick family member with oral cancer.
What this paper adds?
Cronbach's alpha coefficient, test–retest reliability, exploratory factor analysis and concurrent validity supported the psychometric properties of Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer.
This Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale—Oral Cancer contains four dimensions: acquiring resources, managing sudden and uncertain patient conditions, managing patient‐related nutritional issues and exploring and making decisions on patient care.
The implications of this paper:
Caregiver Caregiving Self‐Efficacy Scale is appropriate to appraise the caregivers' competence beliefs relevant to caregiving at home.
The distributed control of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) plays an important role in the practical operation of microgrid. This brief studies the state-of-charge (SoC) balancing and the total ...charging/discharging power tracking issues for BESSs with multiple distributed heterogeneous battery units under the premise that only partial battery units can access the desired power. First, two distributed prespecified-time observers are proposed to estimate average battery units state and average desired power respectively. Second, a novel distributed BESSs control strategy based on prespecified-time observers is proposed, which realizes SoC balancing and power tracking of BESSs assuming only partial battery units can access the desired power. Two distinctive advantages of this brief are (i) both the average desired power and the average battery state can be accurately estimated within the prespecified time, which can be determined in advance and independent of initial states or control parameters, and (ii) the communication costs are reduced effectively and single-point failures can be avoided. Finally, two simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy.
Extraction of uranium from seawater is one of the important ways to solve the shortage of terrestrial uranium resources. Thereinto, the competition between uranyl and vanadium cations is a ...significant challenge in the commonly used amidoxime-based adsorbents for extracting uranium from seawater. An in-depth understanding of the extraction behaviors of modified amidoxime groups with uranyl and vanadium ions is one of the effective means to design and develop efficient adsorbents for selective uranium sequestration. In this work, we have designed and systematically investigated the alkyl and amino functionalized amidoxime, (Z)-2-amino-N′-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzimidamide (L1), and its phenyl and methoxy derivatives ((Z)-3-amino-N′-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-2-naphthimidamide (L2) and (Z)-2-amino-N′-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzimidamide (L3)) by quantum chemistry calculations. In the uranyl complexes, the amidoxime groups prefer to act as η2-coordinated ligands as the amidoximes increase, and there exist substantial hydrogen bond interactions, which are different from the vanadium complexes. Various bonding analyses show that the L1 ligand possesses a stronger binding affinity to UO2 2+, and the −C6H5 and −CH3O substituent groups seem to have no effect on the improvement of extraction ability. Thermodynamic analysis confirms that the L1 ligand has a stronger extraction capability to uranyl ion compared to L2 and L3. According to the calculations of the vanadium (V) (VO2 + and VO3+) complexes with the L1 ligand, L1 is more likely to react with H2VO4− and HVO42– to form VO2 + complexes. Expectantly, thermodynamic analysis displays a higher extraction capacity for uranyl ions than vanadium ions. Therefore, these alkyl and amino functionalized amidoxime ligands demonstrate high selectivity for uranyl over vanadium ions, which is mainly due to the coordination mode changes of these ligands toward vanadium in conjunction with the considerable hydrogen bonds in the uranyl complexes. These results are expected to afford useful clues for the design of efficient adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater.
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