As people put forward higher demand for the effect and quality of building interior decoration, the attention to building energy-saving materials has become higher and higher. In recent years, there ...have been many researches on green building energy-saving technology, green building evaluation and other aspects, but there are relatively few researches on applying the concept of full life cycle cost to the performance analysis of new materials for building energy conservation and environmental protection. Considering the economic performance of buildings will help to save resources in the construction industry and reduce energy consumption. The so-called full life cycle optimization of energy-saving design of green buildings is to take the concept of full life cycle optimization as the most reference, fully coordinate all elements in the portfolio project, and ensure that the full life cycle cost of the building can be greatly reduced. To realize the energy-saving optimization of green buildings, it is necessary to ensure that it runs through the whole life cycle of the building, fully combine the life cycle cost with the building function, and systematically do the optimization work. The performance analysis model of building decoration energy-saving and environmental protection new materials based on the whole life cycle proposed in this paper can be used to analyse the various properties of various new materials. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the test results is 9.6%, the minimum error is 1.3%, and the average error is only 6.43%. This shows that the model built in this paper is reliable, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which can be used to analyse the performance of new building decoration energy-saving and environmental protection materials. The ideas and methods of solving the model established in this paper have important guiding significance, and can be used as a powerful reference tool for studying other solving methods.
•Influence of three main compounds in spirulina and simulated spirulina on co-pyrolysis behavior was investigated.•Medium chain triglyceride showed positive synergistic effects with higher volatile ...yield.•Glycine and starch illustrated both positive and negative synergistic effects on char yield.•Non-additivity distribution of activation energy was solved by three model-free methods.
Synergistic effects from co-pyrolysis microalgae biomass with low-rank coal were investigated in this work. Model compounds of three main component in microalgae algae (glycine, medium chain triglyceride and starch), spirulina and simulated spirulina were chosen to Shenfu bituminous pyrolysis process. Kinetic parameters were solved through isoconversional method, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy were applied for characterizing the char samples. Results revealed synergistic effects occurred with different forms from co-pyrolysis of microalgae primary compounds and coal. Positive synergistic effects, which were defined as higher volatile yield than calculated value, were found in medium chain triglyceride and coal mixtures at all mass ratio. Whether positive or negative synergistic effects on products yield from glycine or starch blended with coal hinged on the temperature and mixing ratio. Both spirulina and simulated spirulina show optimal performance on volatile yields under 50wt.% mass ratio. Non-additivity phenomenon was observed on the distribution of average activation energy. Synergistic effects from co-pyrolysis of coal and microalgae biomass may attributes to the integrative action of the three model compounds.
Sex chromosome dosage compensation (SCDC) overcomes gene-dose imbalances that disturb transcriptional networks, as when ZW females or XY males are hemizygous for Z/X genes. Mounting data from ...non-model organisms reveal diverse SCDC mechanisms, yet their evolution remains obscure, because most informative lineages with variable sex chromosomes are unstudied. Here, we discovered SCDC in turtles and an unprecedented thermosensitive SCDC in eukaryotes. We contrasted RNA-seq expression of Z-genes, their autosomal orthologues, and control autosomal genes in
Apalone spinifera
(ZZ/ZW) and
Chrysemys picta
turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) (proxy for ancestral expression). This approach disentangled chromosomal context effects on Z-linked and autosomal expression, from lineage effects owing to selection or drift. Embryonic
Apalone
SCDC is tissue- and age-dependent, regulated gene-by-gene, complete in females via Z-upregulation in both sexes (Type IV) but partial and environmentally plastic via Z-downregulation in males (accentuated at colder temperature), present in female hatchlings and a weakly suggestive in adult liver (Type I). Results indicate that embryonic SCDC evolved with/after sex chromosomes in
Apalone
's family Tryonichidae, while co-opting Z-gene upregulation present in the TSD ancestor. Notably,
Apalone
's SCDC resembles pygmy snake's, and differs from the full-SCDC of
Anolis
lizards who share homologous sex chromosomes (XY), advancing our understanding of how XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems compensate gene-dose imbalance.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution: empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates (Part II)’.
Lythraceae belongs to the order Myrtales, which is part of Archichlamydeae. The family has 31 genera containing approximately 620 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Of these 31 genera, five large ...genera each possess 35 or more species. They are Lythrum, with 35; Rotala, with 45; Nesaea, with 50; Lagerstroemia, with 56; and Cuphea, with 275 species.
We reported six newly sequenced chloroplast (cp) genomes (Duabanga grandiflora, Trapa natans, Lythrum salicaria, Lawsonia inermis, Woodfordia fruticosa and Rotala rotundifolia) and compared them with 16 other cp genomes of Lythraceae species. The cp genomes of the 22 Lythraceae species ranged in length from 152,049 bp to 160,769 bp. In each Lythraceae species, the cp genome contained 112 genes consisting of 78 protein coding genes, four ribosomal RNAs and 30 transfer RNAs. Furthermore, we detected 211-332 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in six categories and 7-27 long repeats in four categories. We selected ten divergent hotspots (ndhF, matK, ycf1, rpl22, rpl32, trnK-rps16, trnR-atpA, rpl32-trnL, trnH-psbA and trnG-trnR) among the 22 Lythraceae species to be potential molecular markers. We constructed phylogenetic trees from 42 Myrtales plants with 8 Geraniales plants as out groups. The relationships among the Myrtales species were effectively distinguished by maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference (BI) trees constructed using 66 protein coding genes. Generally, the 22 Lythraceae species gathered into one clade, which was resolved as sister to the three Onagraceae species. Compared with Melastomataceae and Myrtaceae, Lythraceae and Onagraceae differentiated later within Myrtales.
The study provided ten potential molecular markers as candidate DNA barcodes and contributed cp genome resources within Myrtales for further study.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Co-pyrolysis behavior of lignocellulosic biomass components and bituminous coal was explored.•Positive and/or negative synergistic effects were observed during co-pyrolysis of the mixtures.•Kinetic ...parameter was solved via using model-free method (Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose).•Nonadditivity performance on the activation energy values of the mixtures was observed.
Co-thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and coal has been investigated as an effective way to reduce the carbon footprint. Successful evaluating on thermal behavior of the co-pyrolysis is prerequisite for predicting performance and optimizing efficiency of this process. In this paper, pyrolysis and kinetics characteristics of three kinds of lignocellulosic biomass model components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) blended with a kind of Chinese bituminous coal were explored by thermogravimetric analyzer and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. The results indicated that the addition of model compounds had different synergistic effects on thermal behavior of the bituminous coal. The cellulose showed positive synergistic effects on the thermal decomposition of the coal bituminous coal with lower char yield than calculated value. For hemicellulose and lignin, whether positive or negative synergistic was related to the mixed ratio and temperature range. The distribution of the average activation energy values for the mixtures showed nonadditivity performance.
The co-thermochemical conversion of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and biomass is a new environmental technology and can produce hydrogen-rich syngas. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis of MSW and ...wheat straw, using a drop-tube furnace experiment. Using a temperature range of 500 °C–1000 °C, the study assessed pyrolysis gas yield, product distribution, gas low heating value, and carbon conversion of co-pyrolysis MSW with different amounts of wheat straw. Adding wheat straw only slightly increases the gas yield and carbon conversion, but improved the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the syngas. At an experimental temperature below 700 °C, adding wheat straw promoted the cracking reaction of hydrocarbon gas, generated by the pyrolysis of MSW. At a temperature of 600 °C, adding 25% wheat straw improved carbon conversion in the blended sample. This study provides a basis for the application of MSW and WS thermo-chemical conversion.
•Obtain production distribution of fast pyrolysis MSW and WS from 500 °C to 1000 °C.•Obtain Syngas yields, LHV and carbon conversion of co-pyrolysis MSW and WS.•At 600 °C, adding 25% WS to MSW achieve the maximum gas phase carbon conversion.
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•Ten OPEs were detected in organisms of a coral reef foodweb in the South China Sea.•Composition profiles of OPEs were species-specific among different organisms.•Biomagnification of ...TPTP in the pelagic foodweb was found for the first time.•A significantly linear correlation was found between TMFs and latitudes.
Environmental exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) continues to be a concern. Little is known about their bioaccumulation and trophodynamics, especially in tropical food webs. This study collected seawater and fifteen types of organism from a tropical ecosystem, South China Sea, to investigate the species-specific compositional, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of OPEs. The total concentrations of 11 target OPEs (ng/g dw) in the organisms decreased with the increase of their trophic levels in the order: phytoplankton (922) > zooplankton (660) > oysters (309) > crabs (225) > coral tissues (202) > fishes (58.2). The composition profiles (relative abundances) of OPEs were different among the species of organisms, which is likely affected by metabolism and the physicochemical property of OPEs. The trophic biomagnification of tripentyl phosphate (TPTP) in the pelagic food web was unexpected and requires further investigation. The trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of OPEs were generally lower in this tropical aquatic food web than in temperate and frigid aquatic food web. Our analysis suggests that there is a significant positive linear correlation between latitude and TMF. Intakes of OPEs through the consumption of the seafood involved in this work does not pose health risk to adults.
Urban air mobility (UAM) is an emerging concept proposed in recent years that uses electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (eVTOLs). UAM is expected to offer an alternative way of ...transporting passengers and goods in urban areas with significantly improved mobility by making use of low-altitude airspace. In addition to other essential elements, ground infrastructure of vertiports is needed to transition UAM from concept to operation. This study examines the network design of UAM on-demand service, with a particular focus on the use of integer programming and a solution algorithm to determine the optimal locations of vertiports, user allocation to vertiports, and vertiport access- and egress-mode choices while considering the interactions between vertiport locations and potential UAM travel demand. A case study based on simulated disaggregate travel demand data of the Tampa Bay area in Florida, USA was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Candidate vertiport locations were obtained by analyzing a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) map developed from lidar data of Florida and physical and regulation constraints of eVTOL operations at vertiports. Optimal locations of vertiports were determined to achieve the minimal total generalized cost; however, the modeling structure allows each user to select a better mode between ground transportation and UAM in terms of generalized cost. The outcomes of the case study reveal that although the percentage of trips that switched from ground mode to multimodal UAM was small, users choosing the UAM service benefited from significant time saving. In addition, the impact of different parameter settings on the demand for UAM service was explored from the supply side, and different pricing strategies were tested that might influence potential demand and revenue generation for UAM operators. The combined effects of the number of vertiports and pricing strategies were also analyzed. The findings from this study offer in-depth planning and managerial insights for municipal decision-makers and UAM operators. The conclusion of this paper discusses caveats to the study, ongoing efforts by the authors, and future directions in UAM research.
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