Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Approximately 60% of lung cancer patients have distant metastasis at the initial diagnosis, so it is necessary to find new ...tumor markers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Tumor markers contribute to the early diagnosis of lung cancer and play important roles in early detection and treatment, as well as in precision medicine, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis prediction. The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsy specimens determines whether there are tumor cells in the biopsy and tumor type. Because biopsy is traumatic and the compliance of patients with multiple biopsies is poor, liquid biopsy has become a hot research direction. Liquid biopsies are advantageous because they are nontraumatic, easy to obtain, reflect the overall state of the tumor, and allow for real-time monitoring. At present, liquid biopsies mainly include circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNA, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review introduces the research progress and clinical application prospect of liquid biopsy technology for lung cancer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lithium (Li) dendrites in Li anodes, and dissolution and migration of manganese (Mn) ions in LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathodes, have hampered these extraordinary electrode materials from being efficiently ...applied in high performance Li batteries. Here, a novel, bifunctional, biobased composite gel polymer electrolyte (c‐GPE) is created to simultaneously deal with the two critical issues. The skeleton of c‐GPE is constructed from a sandwich structure composed of porous polydopamine spheres and two layers of the environmentally friendly soy protein isolate‐based nanofiber membranes, and the carbonized polydopamine spheres are coated without any binder on the surface of the membranes. After a facile and innocuous preparation process, the skeleton material displays excellent thermal stability and good affinity to liquid electrolyte, which endows c‐GPE with significant functions of effective mitigation of the dissolution of Mn ions, and chelation of the fleeing Mn ions, as well as the dramatic suppression of Li dendrite growth. Consequently, the LMO/Li batteries involving c‐GPE show a great improvement in the cycling stability and rate performance compared with those of the cells based on commercial Celgard 2400. This work will be quite promising to meet the distinct requirements from Li batteries and provide a high‐efficiency and safe biobased GPE for next generation energy storage systems.
A biobased composite gel polymer electrolyte (c‐GPE) is designed and successfully fabricated for suppressing lithium dendrites and tramping manganese ions simultaneously. The skeleton of the c‐GPE consists of a layer of mesoporous polydopamine spheres, two layers of soy protein‐based nanofiber membranes, and a layer of mesoporous carbonized polydopamine spheres.
An organophotoelectrocatalytic method for the C(sp
2
)-H alkylation of heteroarenes with unactivated C(sp
3
)-H compounds through dehydrogenation cross-coupling has been developed. The C(sp
2
)-H ...alkylation combines organic catalysis, photochemistry and electrochemistry, avoiding the need for external metal-reagents, HAT-reagents, and oxidants. This protocol exhibits good substrate tolerance and functional group compatibility, providing a straightforward and powerful pathway to access a variety of alkylated heteroarenes under green conditions.
An organophotoelectrocatalytic method for the C(sp
2
)-H alkylation of heteroarenes with unactivated C(sp
3
)-H compounds
via
dehydrogenation cross-coupling was developed.
Background and Aims
The study objective was to compare the effectiveness of microwave ablation (MWA) and laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) on solitary 3–5‐cm HCC over time.
Approach and Results
From ...2008 to 2019, 1289 patients from 12 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective study. Diagnosis of all lesions were based on histopathology. Propensity score matching was used to balance all baseline variables between the two groups in 2008–2019 (n = 335 in each group) and 2014–2019 (n = 257 in each group) cohorts, respectively. For cohort 2008–2019, during a median follow‐up of 35.8 months, there were no differences in overall survival (OS) between MWA and LLR (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.19, p = 0.420), and MWA was inferior to LLR regarding disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.75, p = 0.017). For cohort 2014–2019, there was comparable OS (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.56–1.30, p = 0.460) and approached statistical significance for DFS (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.98–1.82, p = 0.071) between MWA and LLR. Subgroup analyses showed comparable OS in 3.1–4.0‐cm HCCs (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.53–1.47, p = 0.630) and 4.1–5.0‐cm HCCs (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.37–1.60, p = 0.483) between two modalities. For both cohorts, MWA shared comparable major complications (both p > 0.05), shorter hospitalization, and lower cost to LLR (all p < 0.001).
Conclusions
MWA might be a first‐line alternative to LLR for solitary 3–5‐cm HCC in selected patients with technical advances, especially for patients unsuitable for LLR.
The shuttling of polysulfides is the most detrimental contribution to degrading the capacity and cycle stability of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Adding a carbon interlayer to prevent the ...polysulfides from migrating is feasible, and a rational design of the structures and surface properties of the carbon layer is essential to increasing its effectiveness. Herein, we report a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) created by carbonization of bis(phenoxy)phosphazene and in‐situ doping of triple heteroatoms into the carbon lattice to fabricate an effective polysulfide‐trapping interlayer. The generated carbon integrates the advantages of a hierarchical porous structure, a high specific area and rich dopants (N, O and P), to yield chemisorption and physical confinement for polysulfides and fast ion‐transport synergistically. The HPC interlayer significantly improves the electrochemical performance of Li−S batteries, including an exceptional discharge capacity of 1509 mA h/g at 0.06 C and a high capacity retention of 83.7 % after 250 cycles at 0.3 C. This work thus proposes a facile in‐situ synthesis of heteroatom‐doped carbon with rational porous structures for suppressing the shuttle effect.
Shutting off shuttling: An N, O, P‐doped HPC has been synthesized from PBPP to generate effective polysulfide‐trapping interlayers in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Together with conductive agents, the HPC provides chemisorption and physical confinement, suppressing the shuttle effect and protecting lithium anodes. The resulting lithium‐sulfur battery exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performance including capacity, cycle stability and rate capability.
Severe zinc dendrite growth is a formidable challenge in aqueous zinc-ion batteries during repeated cycles because of the uneven distribution of electric fields on a post-stripping zinc anode. ...Herein, we demonstrate a totally new nucleation mechanism by introducing cations with high valence (Ce
3+
and La
3+
) into the electrolyte to homogenize electric fields and regulate the zinc deposition behavior. Intriguingly, a detailed evolution investigation of surface morphology discloses that zinc nucleation shifts to progressive nucleation
via
the preferential adsorption of cation additives from instantaneous nucleation in the addtive-free electrolyte, thereby resulting in the stable zinc stripping/plating behavior. A symmetric cell with 0.01 M Ce
2
(SO
4
)
3
can be cycled at 5 A g
−1
with a lower voltage hysteresis of 83.3 mV for more than 700 h, which is remarkably longer than that of the pristine one (282 h). A higher capacity retention of Zn//NaV
3
O
8
·1.5H
2
O cell (87.0%) after 250 cycles at 5 A g
−1
is also achieved in comparison with that in addtive-free electrolyte (68.1%). This work provides new and deep insights into the effects of cation adsorption on zinc nucleation.
The preferential adsorption of cation additives enables the transformation of a zinc nucleation mechanism from instantaneous nucleation to progressive nucleation, which ultimately realizes a stable zinc stripping/plating behavior.
Plant health is intimately influenced by the rhizosphere microbiome, a complex assembly of organisms that changes markedly across plant growth. However, most rhizosphere microbiome research has ...focused on fractions of this microbiome, particularly bacteria and fungi. It remains unknown how other microbial components, especially key microbiome predators-protists-are linked to plant health. Here, we investigated the holistic rhizosphere microbiome including bacteria, microbial eukaryotes (fungi and protists), as well as functional microbial metabolism genes. We investigated these communities and functional genes throughout the growth of tomato plants that either developed disease symptoms or remained healthy under field conditions.
We found that pathogen dynamics across plant growth is best predicted by protists. More specifically, communities of microbial-feeding phagotrophic protists differed between later healthy and diseased plants at plant establishment. The relative abundance of these phagotrophs negatively correlated with pathogen abundance across plant growth, suggesting that predator-prey interactions influence pathogen performance. Furthermore, phagotrophic protists likely shifted bacterial functioning by enhancing pathogen-suppressing secondary metabolite genes involved in mitigating pathogen success.
We illustrate the importance of protists as top-down controllers of microbiome functioning linked to plant health. We propose that a holistic microbiome perspective, including bacteria and protists, provides the optimal next step in predicting plant performance. Video Abstract.
An electrochemical approach for the preparation of monofluorides from α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and heteroaromatics with readily available 2-fluoromalonate esters as monofluoroalkyl radical ...precursors has been developed. The electrosynthesis employs ferrocene (Cp2Fe) as a catalyst in a simple undivided cell with a broad substrate scope, which obviates the need for sacrificial oxidizing reagents.
W-representation of Rainbow tensor model Kang, Bei; Wang, Lu-Yao; Wu, Ke ...
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2021, Letnik:
2021, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We analyze the rainbow tensor model and present the Virasoro constraints, where the constraint operators obey the Witt algebra and null 3-algebra. We generalize the method of
W
...-representation in matrix model to the rainbow tensor model, where the operators preserving and increasing the grading play a crucial role. It is shown that the rainbow tensor model can be realized by acting on elementary function with exponent of the operator increasing the grading. We derive the compact expression of correlators and apply it to several models, i.e., the red tensor model, Aristotelian tensor model and
r
= 4 rainbow tensor model. Furthermore, we discuss the case of the non-Gaussian red tensor model and present a dual expression for partition function through differentiation.
2D MXene, Ti3C2 (TC), has displayed enormous potential in applications in photothermal therapy (PTT), attributing to its biocompatibility and outstanding photothermal conversion capability. However, ...some tumor ablations are difficult to be realized completely by monotherapy due to the essential defects of monotherapy and intricate tumor microenvironment (TME). In this work, the appropriate doped Fe2+ ions are anchored into the layers of 2D ultrathin TC nanosheets (TC NSs) to synthesize a novel multifunctional nanoshell of Fe(II)‐Ti3C2 (FTC) through interlayer electrostatic adsorption. FTC possesses superior photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) than TC NSs, attributing to the enhanced conductivity promoted by interlaminar ferrous ion‐channels. Moreover, Fenton reaction based on ferrous ions endows FTC the abilities of reactive oxide species (ROS) releasing and glutathione (GSH) suppression triggered by near‐infrared (NIR) laser, featuring splendid biocompatibility and curative effect in hypoxic TME. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responding in FTC reveals the potential as an integrated diagnosis and treatment nanoplatform. FTC could provide new insights into the development of multimoded synergistic nanoplatform for biological applications, especially breaking the shackles of MXenes merely used as a photo‐thermal agent (PTA), adopting it to bioimaging sensor and drug loading.
Near‐infrared (NIR) activated multimodal nanoplatform Fe‐Ti3C2 (FTC) is developed by electrostatic adsorption between Ti3C2 and Fe(II). FTC can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppress glutathione (GSH) under NIR excitation. FTC has the superior photothermal performance than Ti3C2. The ferrous ions also endow FTC the ability to serve as a T1 and T2 dual‐responding magnetic resonance contrast agent.
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