Pandemics have become more frequent and more complex during the twenty-first century. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following pandemics is a significant public health concern. We sought to ...provide a reliable estimate of the worldwide prevalence of PTSD after large-scale pandemics as well as associated risk factors, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched the MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases to identify studies that were published from the inception up to August 23, 2020, and reported the prevalence of PTSD after pandemics including sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1, Poliomyelitis, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), H5N1, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 88 studies were included in the analysis, with 77 having prevalence information and 70 having risk factors information. The overall pooled prevalence of post-pandemic PTSD across all populations was 22.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.9-25.4%, I
: 99.7%). Healthcare workers had the highest prevalence of PTSD (26.9%; 95% CI: 20.3-33.6%), followed by infected cases (23.8%: 16.6-31.0%), and the general public (19.3%: 15.3-23.2%). However, the heterogeneity of study findings indicates that results should be interpreted cautiously. Risk factors including individual, family, and societal factors, pandemic-related factors, and specific factors in healthcare workers and patients for post-pandemic PTSD were summarized and discussed in this systematic review. Long-term monitoring and early interventions should be implemented to improve post-pandemic mental health and long-term recovery.
With the development of clean hydrogen energy, the cost effective and high‐performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts are urgently required. Herein, a green, facile, and ...time‐efficient Ru doping synergistic with air‐plasma treatment strategy is reported to boost the HER performance of CoNi‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanotube arrays (NTAs) derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework nanorods. The Ru doping and air‐plasma treatment not only regulate the oxygen vacancy to optimize the electron structure but also increase the surface roughness to improve the hydrophilicity and hydrogen spillover efficiency. Therefore, the air plasma treated Ru doped CoNi‐LDH (P‐Ru‐CoNi‐LDH) nanotube arrays display superior HER performance with an overpotential of 29 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, by assembling P‐Ru‐CoNi‐LDH as both cathode and anode for two‐electrode urea‐assisted water electrolysis, a small cell voltage of 1.36 V is needed at 10 mA cm−2 and can last for 100 h without any obvious activity attenuation that showing outstanding durability. In general, the P‐Ru‐CoNi‐LDH can improve the HER performance from intrinsic electronic structure regulation cooperated with extrinsic surface wettability modification. These findings provide an effective intrinsic and extrinsic synergistic effect avenue to develop high performance HER electrocatalysts, which is potential to be applied to other research fields.
With the Ru‐doping in CoNi‐LDH, the air‐plasma treatment was tend to introduce appropriate O and N filling that can effectively regulate the electronic structure. What's more, the plasma treatment also increases the superwettability of the samples which facilitate the H2 spillover process. The synergistically regulation of the intrinsic electronic structure and interface wettability of CoNi‐LDH can boost the HER process.
Sodium storage capacity, mobility, and volume change during sodiation on the surfaces of interlayer-expanded Ti3C2 MXenes are investigated using ab initio density functional theory. The theoretical ...results reveal that the interlayer-expanded bare, F-, O-, and OH-functionalized Ti3C2 MXenes exhibit low barriers for sodium diffusion and small changes of lattice constant during sodiation. In addition, enlarged interlayer distance enables the stable multilayer adsorption on the bare and O-functionalized Ti3C2 MXenes and therefore significantly enhances their theoretical capacities. Both bare and O-functionalized Ti3C2 MXenes are predicted to be prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries with high theoretical capacities, fast discharge/charge rates, and good cycling performances. The present results provide a new route to improve the battery performances of anode materials based on MXene intercalation hosts.
Chemical modification of electrode materials by heteroatom dopants is crucial for improving storage performance in rechargeable batteries. Electron configurations of different dopants significantly ...influence the chemical interactions inbetween and the chemical bonding with the host material, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We revealed competitive doping chemistry of Group IIIA elements (boron and aluminum) taking nickel‐rich cathode materials as a model. A notable difference between the atomic radii of B and Al accounts for different spatial configurations of the hybridized orbital in bonding with lattice oxygen. Density functional theory calculations reveal, Al is preferentially bonded to oxygen and vice versa, and shows a much lower diffusion barrier than BIII. In the case of Al‐preoccupation, the bulk diffusion of BIII is hindered. In this way, a B‐rich surface and Al‐rich bulk is formed, which helps to synergistically stabilize the structural evolution and surface chemistry of the cathode.
A model study has been performed on Group IIIA element (boron and aluminum) co‐doped high‐nickel layered oxide cathode materials to understand competitive doping chemistry. A notable difference between the atomic radii of B and Al accounts for different spatial configurations of the hybridized orbital in bonding with lattice oxygen, resulting in the formation of a B‐rich surface and an Al‐rich bulk.
Abstract
We present the results from a spectroscopic monitoring campaign to obtain reverberation mapping measurements and investigate the broad-line region (BLR) kinematics for active galactic nuclei ...(AGNs) of Mrk 817 and NGC 7469. This campaign was undertaken with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope. The median spectroscopic sampling is 2.0 days for Mrk 817 and 1.0 day for NGC 7469. We detect time lags of the broad emission lines, including H
β
, H
γ
, He
ii,
and He
i
for both AGNs, including Fe
ii
for Mrk 817 with respect to the varying AGN continuum at 5100 Å. Investigating the relationship between line widths and time lags of the broad emission lines, we find that the BLR dynamics of Mrk 817 and NGC 7469 are consistent with the virial prediction. We estimate the masses of central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and the accretion rates of both AGNs. Using the data of this campaign, we construct the velocity-resolved lag profiles of the broad H
γ
, H
β
, and He
i
lines for Mrk 817, which show almost the same kinematic signatures in that the time lags in the red wing are slightly larger than the time lags in the blue wing. For NGC 7469, we only clearly construct the velocity-resolved lag profiles of the broad Hγ and Hβ, which show very similar kinematic signatures to the BLR of Mrk 817. These signatures indicate that the BLR of Keplerian motion in both AGNs seemingly has outflowing components during the monitoring period. We discuss the kinematics of the BLR and the measurements, including SMBH mass and accretion rates.
Metal sulfides with excellent redox reversibility and high capacity are very promising electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries. However, their practical application is still hindered by the poor ...rate capability and limited cycle life. Herein, a template‐based strategy is developed to synthesize nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated Cu9S5 bullet‐like hollow particles starting from bullet‐like ZnO particles. With the structural and compositional advantages, these unique nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated Cu9S5 bullet‐like hollow particles manifest excellent sodium storage properties with superior rate capability and ultra‐stable cycling performance.
Sodium storage: Bullet‐like Cu9S5 hollow particles coated with a layer of nitrogen‐doped carbon are synthesized by a template‐based strategy. Their structure and composition allow these carbon‐coated Cu9S5 hollow bullets to exhibit enhanced sodium storage performance in terms of excellent rate capability and ultra‐stable cycle life.
Supported nano-silver (nano-Ag) catalysts have been widely used in heterogeneous catalysis. However, their poor thermal stability restricts their practical application. In order to solve this issue, ...we report a novel supported nano-Ag catalyst by employing the strong metal-support interactions (SMSIs) between the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The home-made HAP was prepared
via
a facile hydrothermal or co-precipitation method, which can effectively anchor small size Ag NPs prepared by an impregnation method. Taking advantage of the unique confinement effect with different morphology HAP and the protective effect of hydroxyl groups on the HAP surface, highly dispersed Ag NPs were obtained. These Ag/HAP catalysts were characterized by XRD, N
2
physical adsorption, SEM, TEM and XPS. It was found that the particle size of Ag NPs was strongly related to the morphology and structure of the HAP supports, and it significantly affects the CO oxidation performance. The nano-Ag catalyst with a lamellar nanosheet structure HAP has the highest content of Ag
0
, and 100% CO conversion can be achieved at 160 °C. The Ag NPs loaded on HAP nanosheets with a large specific surface area showing excellent CO oxidation activity demonstrating that the strategy may open a new way to design and develop highly dispersed nano-Ag catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.
The well confinement of nano-Ag NPs not only decreased their agglomeration with the SMSI effect but also significantly improved their dispersion in catalytic reactions.
Electrode materials based on electrochemical conversion reactions have received considerable interest for high capacity anodes of sodium‐ion batteries. However, their practical application is greatly ...hindered by the poor rate capability and rapid capacity fading. Tuning the structure at nanoscale and increasing the conductivity of these anode materials are two effective strategies to address these issues. Herein, a two‐step ion‐exchange method is developed to synthesize hierarchical Cu‐doped CoSe2 microboxes assembled by ultrathin nanosheets using Co–Co Prussian blue analogue microcubes as the starting material. Benefitting from the structural and compositional advantages, these Cu‐doped CoSe2 microboxes with improved conductivity exhibit enhanced sodium storage properties in terms of good rate capability and excellent cycling performance.
Hierarchical Cu‐doped CoSe2 microboxes are synthesized by a two‐step sequential ion‐exchange strategy using Co–Co Prussian blue analogue microcubes as precursors. With their structural and compositional advantages, these unique Cu‐doped CoSe2 microboxes exhibit enhanced sodium‐storage performance in terms of high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and long cycle life.
Metal sulfide hollow nanostructures (MSHNs) have received intensive attention as electrode materials for electrical energy storage (EES) systems due to their unique structural features and rich ...chemistry. Here, we summarize recent research progress in the rational design and synthesis of various metal sulfide hollow micro‐/nanostructures with controlled shape, composition and structural complexity, and their applications to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). The current understanding of hollow structure control, including single‐shelled, yolk‐shelled, multi‐shelled MSHNs, and their hybrid micro‐/nanostructures with carbon (amorphous carbon nanocoating, graphene and hollow carbon), is focused on. The importance of proper structural and compositional control on the enhanced electrochemical properties of MSHNs is emphasized. A relationship between structural and compositional engineering with improved electrochemical activity of MSHNs is sought, in order to shed some light on future electrode design trends for next‐generation EES technologies.
Metal sulfide hollow nanostructures are promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices including lithium‐ion batteries and hybrid supercapacitors. Recent progress in the synthesis of high‐quality metal sulfide hollow nanostructures is highlighted. Particular emphasis is given to the importance of rational design in structure/composition and their effects on electrochemical performances.
Antimony‐based electrode materials with high specific capacity have aroused considerable interest as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, we develop a template‐engaged ...ion‐exchange method to synthesize Sb2Se3 microclips, and the as‐obtained Sb2Se3 microclips are further in situ coated with polypyrrole (PPy). Benefiting from the structural and compositional merits, these PPy‐coated Sb2Se3 microclips exhibit enhanced sodium‐storage properties in terms of high reversible capacity, superior rate capability, and stable cycling performance.
The PPy who loved me: PPy‐coated Sb2Se3 microclips are synthesized by a simple ion‐exchange method and subsequent in situ polypyrrole (PPy) coating. With their unique structural and composition, these PPy‐coated Sb2Se3 microclips exhibit enhanced sodium‐storage performance in terms of high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and good cycling stability.
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