This study evaluates the impact combined endonasal endoscopic resection and radiotherapy for skull base chordomas.
Thirty-two patients with skull base chordomas between July 2006 and June 2015 were ...divided into 2 groups: the surgery alone group and the surgery with radiation therapy group.
Gross total resection was achieved in 9 (28.1%) patients with skull base chordoma, subtotal resection was achieved in 16 (50.0%) patients, and partial resection was achieved in 7 (21.9%) patients. The progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 3 and 5 years was 44.0% and 16.5%, respectively. The overall survival (OS) rate at 3 and 5 years was 79.4% and 69.5%, respectively. Kadish staging predicted PFS and OS with statistical significance when the extent of resection was categorized into gross total resection, subtotal resection, and partial resection (P = 0.035 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was a significant OS advantage for the surgery plus radiation group compared with the surgery alone group (P = 0.035).
Gross total resection can achieve very good results for the treatment of skull base chordomas. Postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy is recommended for all skull base chordomas, as it offered a higher OS rate.
Key message
There are significant differences between the DGIs and LGTs. Additionally, most of the characteristics indicate that the DGIs are more similar to recovered tissue and can resist viral ...attacks.
Dark green islands (DGIs) surrounded by light green tissues (LGTs) are common leaf symptoms of plants that are systemically infected by various mosaic viruses. We performed cytological, physiological and molecular biological analyses of the DGIs and LGTs in
cucumber mosaic virus
-infected
Nicotiana tabacum
leaves. Our results indicated that the DGIs contained less virus than did the LGTs. Compared to the LGTs, the DGIs contained higher levels of the metabolites involved in plant defence. The contents of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were increased in the DGIs to reach levels that were even higher than those of control plants. Moreover, hormone measurements and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the endogenous salicylic acid, ethylene and defence genes mediated these elevations by playing positive roles in the regulation of the DGIs responses to viral infection. The accumulation of cytokinin was also much greater in the DGIs than in the LGTs. Finally, northern blotting analysis indicated that the accumulation of viral small interfering RNAs was decreased in the DGIs compared to the LGTs. Taken together, these results suggest that DGIs might represent leaf areas that have recovered from viral infection due to locally enhanced defence responses.
The role of postoperative adjuvant treatment for sinonasal malignant melanoma remains unclear. This study evaluates the impact of three different surgical and postoperative adjuvant treatment ...modalities: surgery alone(open and endoscopic approaches), surgery plus radiotherapy and surgery, radiotherapy plus chemotherapy on survival of patients with primary sinonasal malignant melanoma (SMM).
The data of 69 patients who underwent primary surgical treatments at Eye & ENT hospital of Fudan University between January 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Survival comparison of different surgical and postoperative adjuvant treatment modalities (surgery alone, surgery plus radiotherapy and surgery, radiotherapy plus chemotherapy), as well as survival comparison between open and endoscopic surgical approaches were performed. Curves depicting survival were performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical analysis was performed using log-rank test software SPSS19 and p < .05 is considered as statistically significant.
The median overall survival time was found to be 18 months for surgery alone (27 cases), 32 months for surgery plus radiotherapy (24 cases), 42 months for surgery, radiotherapy plus chemotherapy (18 cases). The 3 and 5 year survival rates for groups mentioned above were 14.8% and 5.6%, 45.1% and 31.6%, 55% and 32.1%, respectively. Statistical significances were found not only between surgery alone and surgery plus radiotherapy treatment group (P = 0.012), but also surgery alone and surgery, radiotherapy plus chemotherapy group (P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant survival difference found between the two different surgical approaches (41 cases for open approach and 28 cases for endoscopic approach).
Sinonasal malignant melanoma is a disease with a poor prognosis. Patients who underwent surgery plus radiotherapy or surgery, radiotherapy plus chemotherapy had better survival outcomes than those underwent surgery alone. Endoscopic approach provided similar survival outcome as an open approach.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To introduce appropriate surgical procedures for the endoscopic repair of the internal carotid artery (ICA) injury.
Two patients with ICA injury during the endoscopic endonasal approach surgery were ...reviewed.
Internal carotid artery injury during the endonasal skull-base approach was a rare complication. Once ICA injury occurred, 2 large bore suctions were placed immediately for drainage and the bleeding point was located. Then, an oxidized regenerated cellulose was quickly pressed onto the bleeding point and was held there to stop the bleeding. Afterward, a free graft of fascia lata was inserted and the free fat graft was compressed for repair. Absorbable packing materials were used for nasal packing.
Endoscopic repair utilizing oxidized regenerated cellulose and a free fascia lata graft is a safe and feasible surgical option for ICA injury.
Plants are exposed to a diversity of environmental stresses throughout their life cycles and need to constantly regulate their developmental and physiological processes to respond various external ...stimuli. It is well known that the interaction between light and plant defence is multifaceted and complicated. Here, the recombinant vector pRNAi-LIC-PHYB was used for achieving tobacco (
Nicotiana tabacum
) PHYB defective mutant via the
Agrobacterium
-mediated transformation method. Furthermore, we investigated molecular and physiological principles in PHYB defective
N. tabacum
plants in response to
Cucumber mottle virus
(CMV) infection. Our results indicated that PHYB defective plants were more susceptible to CMV infection. There were higher viral replication level, more impetuous viral symptoms and more serious stress damages in PHYB defective mutants along the time going when compared with wild-type (
wt
) plants. Moreover, the transcripts of defence-related genes and activities of antioxidant enzymes in
phy
B mutants were down-regulated when compared with
wt
plants after CMV infection. Overall, our results provided new information about the molecular link between PHYB and plant immune system in
N. tabacum
.
The northwest Zhejiang Province is a key domain for providing deep insight into the crust-mantle interaction and tectonic evolution of the South China block. In this paper, we collect geochemical, ...geochronological, and isotopic data of the Jurassic porphyries in this region, and investigated the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyry in the Tongcun Mo-Cu deposit, using it as an example to uncover the porphyry petrogenesis and evaluate their metallogenic potential. Two varieties of the Huangbaikeng porphyry were distinguished: the medium- to coarse-grained type and medium- to fine-grained type. Zircon Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe U-Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at 161.8 ± 2.8 and 162.7 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the molybdenite Re-Os ages of 163.9-161.8 Ma. The inherited zircons age spectrum significantly recorded a series of geological events, for example, assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinent, and the Triassic collision of Yangtze and North China blocks. Whole rock Sr-Nd and Jurassic zircon Hf isotopic data yield mostly negative ε
Hf
(t) values (0.5 to −8.4) and ε
Nd
(t) values (−0.79 to −4.82). Besides the Huangbaikeng porphyry, all the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province have a wide range of SiO
2
contents (76.78-60.91 wt.%). They do not contain typical aluminous minerals (e.g. cordierite and garnet), and are mainly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with high Na
2
O, low FeO
T
/MgO, and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y concentrations in composition. They thus fit the I-type granite definition. Some major and trace elements show strong correlations with SiO
2
, possibly indicating extensive fractional crystallization during their magma evolution. Tectonic discriminations imply that these plutons were likely formed in a volcanic arc regime possibly related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate. Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data suggest a mixed source of the Mesoproterozoic crust and 30-50% mantle components. Compared with the adjacent Dexing Cu-bearing porphyies, which have more positive ε
Hf
(t) and ε
Nd
(t) values with more significant mantle components (55-70%), the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province probably lack metallogenic potential to form a giant porphyry copper deposit as Dexing.
Disease development in Nicotiana tabacum after inoculation with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was accelerated when plants were grown in high light (300 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, HL) compared with those grown in ...low light (70 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, LL). Several characteristic defense reactions, including release of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), expression of SA-mediated pathogenesis related (PR) proteins and the systemic development of disease, were proved to be light dependent. Plants exposed to HL or medium light (150 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, ML) had serious oxidative damage caused by CMV infection compared with LL-plants. In addition, the levels of SA and mRNA transcripts for non-expressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 in CMV-inoculated plants were the highest under LL with decreasing photon flux density. In HL-exposed plants, the expression of PR1 and PR2 were repressed, but the expression of PR5 was not significantly altered, revealing a complex cross talk between light intensity and the SA signaling pathway in regulating N. tabacum response to the infection of CMV. Taken together, our results revealed that increased light intensity reduced the resistance ability of N. tabacum to CMV, correlating with repression of the SA-dependent signaling pathway and a change in the cellular redox status in plants cells.
Infection of plants by multiple viruses is common in nature. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) belong to different families, but Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana ...benthamiana are commonly shared hosts for both viruses. In this study, we found that TCV provides effective resistance to infection by CMV in Arabidopsis plants co-infected by both viruses, and this antagonistic effect is much weaker when the two viruses are inoculated into different leaves of the same plant. However, similar antagonism is not observed in N. benthamiana plants. We further demonstrate that disrupting the RNA silencing-mediated defense of the Arabidopsis host does not affect this antagonism, but capsid protein (CP or p38)-defective mutant TCV loses the ability to repress CMV, suggesting that TCV CP plays an important role in the antagonistic effect of TCV toward CMV in Arabidopsis plants co-infected with both viruses.
•TCV provided effective resistance to infection by CMV in Arabidopsis plants co-infected by both viruses.•This antagonistic effect cannot be reproduced in N. benthamiana plants.•Disrupting the RNA silencing-mediated defense of the Arabidopsis host does not affect this effect of TCV toward CMV.•The capsid protein (CP or p38)-defective mutant TCV loses the ability to repress CMV.
The effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on lipid peroxidation, relative plasma membrane permeability, photosystem II (PSII) gene expression and PSII photochemical activity in water‐stressed wheat ...seedlings were investigated. The decrease in relative water content (RWC), Chl content, and 2,6‐dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP) photoreduction of PSII, and increases in electrolyte leakage of plasma membranes and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) in water‐stressed leaves was alleviated by Spd pretreatment. Furthermore, Western and Northern blot analysis showed that decreases in the PSII major proteins D1, D2 and LHCII and the transcripts of corresponding genes psbA, psbD and cab were also alleviated by Spd pretreatment under water stress. These results suggest that the application of exogenous Spd protects PSII against water stress at both the transcriptional level and the translational level, and allows PSII to retain a higher activity level during water stress. The protective role of Spd in the photosynthetic apparatus also is discussed.
(Managing editor: Ping He)
Abstract Objective Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare vascular tumor of the nasopharynx occurring in young males. The aim of this study was attempt to find out the site of origin ...and the common expansion routes of JNA. Methods The CT examinations of 46 untreated patients with histologically proven JNA were retrospectively analyzed. Evidence of tumor spreading of the locations are those following CT characteristics: (a) expansion and/or erosion of bony wall; (b) obliteration of normal fatty planes. In addition, three dimensional reconstruction technology was used to make further study. Results The pterygoid canal was affected in all untreated cases and therefore was considered as the origin of JNA. Nineteen patients’ tumors (41.3%) originated from the front part of pterygoid canal and the other 27 ones (58.7%) from the post part of pterygoid canal. Pterygoid canal, choanae and nasal cavity are the three most common sites of JNA. Conclusion The possible site of origin is pterygoid canal. After originating from this point, the tumor will invade sphenopalatine foramen, sphenoid sinus and pterygopalatine fossa first, and then into adjacent structure through aforementioned three sites.
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