The present study aimed to explore the inter-relationships among maternal death, household economic status after the event, and potential influencing factors.
We conducted a prospective cohort study ...of households that had experienced maternal death (n = 195) and those that experienced childbirth without maternal death (n = 384) in rural China. All the households were interviewed after the event occurred and were followed up 12 months later. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship model, utilizing income and expenditure per capita in the following year after the event as the main outcome variables, maternal death as the predictor, and direct costs, the amount of money offset by positive and negative coping strategies, whether the husband remarried, and whether the newborn was alive as the mediators.
In the following year after the event, the path analysis revealed a direct effect from maternal death to lower income per capita (standardized coefficient = -0.43, p = 0.041) and to lower expenditure per capita (standardized coefficient = -0.51, p<0.001). A significant indirect effect was found from maternal death to lower income and expenditure per capita mediated by the influencing factors of higher direct costs, less money from positive coping methods, more money from negative coping, and the survival of the newborn.
This study analyzed the direct and indirect effects of maternal death on a household economy. The results provided evidence for better understanding the mechanism of how this event affects a household economy and provided a reference for social welfare policies to target the most vulnerable households that have suffered from maternal deaths.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common urological malignancies. While Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) expression and function were largely unknown in BCa. We aimed to study the ...expression and role of ISYNA1 in bladder cancer and investigate its potential mechanisms via ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA).
ISYNA1 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in bladder cancer cell lines as well as normal urothelial cell line. Knocking down ISYNA1 gene in BCa T24 cells was achieved by shRNA lentivirus transfection. MTT and Celigo assay were used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to test cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, IPA was performed using PrimeView™ Human Gene Expression Array. Imunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in BCa patient tissue microarray to verify the association between ISYNA1 expression and patients’ clinicopathological features.
ISYNA1 was significantly upregulated in BCa samples vs. para-tumor tissues. Higher expression were significantly associated with tumor T stage and lymph node metastasis of bladder cancer patients. Similarly, it was elevated in BCa cell lines (5637 and T24) compared with SVHUC cells. Knocking down ISYNA1 significantly decreased proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in T24 cells. Furthermore, IPA indicated that ISYNA1 was an important regulatory factors and related networks were involved in multiple functional processes.
Taken together, current study suggest ISYNA1 promotes proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in bladder cancer cells, and its expression correlated with BCa patients’ clinicopathological features. Thus, ISYNA1 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa patients.
•Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) promotes proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.•Expression of ISYNA1 is correlated with BCa patients' clinicopathological features.•ISYNA1 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for BCa patients.
Objective
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a glycosylated member of the immunoglobulin superfamily whose function in human seminomas is unknown. We have recently determined ...that EMMPRIN possesses the ability to stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinase production, and that its expression was frequently up-regulated in several tumours of the urinary system. Thus, EMMPRIN expression might be associated with the progression of human seminomas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of EMMPRIN in seminoma tissues might help to predict the patients’ prognosis.
Methods
Paraffin-embedded tissues from 65 patients with seminomas and 20 normal testes were processed for immunohistochemical staining using a mouse monoclonal antibody generated against human EMMPRIN, as primary antibody, and a biotinylated goat-anti-mouse IgG, as secondary antibody. In addition, the correlation of EMMPRIN expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients’ prognosis was also analysed.
Results
EMMPRIN was detected in cancerous tissues of 53 patients with seminoma, but not normal testes. Thirty-five patients showed weakly to moderately positive and 18 patients intensely positive expression. Moreover, positive EMMPRIN staining correlated significantly with various clinicopathological factors (increased TNM stage and higher histological differentiation type) as well as decreased tumour-specific survival (log-rank,
p
=0.02). In particular, EMMPRIN expression was an independent prognosticator as shown by Cox regression analysis (
p
<0.001).
Conclusion
EMMPRIN expression in a primary tumour predicts an unfavourable prognosis in human seminoma, suggesting its crucial role in the progression of this tumour.
Resolving atomic site‐specific electronic properties and correlated substrate–molecule interactions is challenging in real space. Now, mapping of sub‐10 nm sized Pt nanoislands on a Au(111) surface ...was achieved by tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, using the distinct Raman fingerprints of adsorbed 4‐chlorophenyl isocyanide molecules. A spatial resolution better than 2.5 nm allows the electronic properties of the terrace, step edge, kink, and corner sites with varying coordination environments to be resolved in real space in one Pt nanoisland. Calculations suggest that low‐coordinate atomic sites have a higher d‐band electronic profile and thus stronger metal–molecule interactions, leading to the observed blue‐shift of Raman frequency of the N≡C bond of adsorbed molecules. An experimental and theoretical study on Pt(111) and mono‐ and bi‐atomic layer Pt nanoislands on a Au(111) surface reveals the bimetallic effect that weakens with the increasing number of deposited Pt adlayer.
Mit einer räumlichen Auflösung unter 2.5 nm ermöglichte spitzenverstärkte Raman‐Spektroskopie die Visualisierung ortsspezifischer elektronischer Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Atomplätze mit variierenden Koordinationszahlen innerhalb einer einzelnen Pt‐Nanoinsel. Die Technik nutzt spezifische Raman‐Signaturen adsorbierter Moleküle und bringt große Fortschritte für die Charakterisierung heterogener Katalysatoren auf molekularer Ebene.
A G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme-amplified Ag super(+)-sensing method was developed based on the ability of Ag super(+) to stabilize C-C mismatches by forming C-Ag super(+)-C base pairs. In this method, ...only one unlabelled oligonucleotide strand was used. In the absence of Ag super(+), the oligonucleotide strand formed an intramolecular duplex. The G-rich sequence in the oligonucleotide was partially caged in this duplex structure and cannot fold into the G-quadruplex structure. The addition of Ag super(+) promoted the formation of another intramolecular duplex in which C-C mismatches were stabilized by C-Ag super(+)-C base pairs, leading to the release of the G-rich sequence which can fold into a G-quadruplex capable to bind hemin to form a catalytically active G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme. As a result, a UV-vis absorbance increasing was observed in the H sub(2)O sub(2)-ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline)-6-sulfonic acid) reaction system. This "turn-on" process allowed the detection of aqueous Ag super(+) at concentrations as low as 6.3 nM using a simple colorimetric technique, showing a high selectivity over a range of other metal ions.
Monte Carlo simulations reveal considerable straggling of energy loss by the same ions with the same energy in fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator （FDSOI） devices with ultra-thin sensitive silicon ...layers down to 2.5 rim. The absolute straggling of deposited energy decreases with decreasing thickness of the active silicon layer. While the relative straggling increases gradually with decreasing thickness of silicon films and exhibits a sharp rise as the thickness of the silicon film descends below a threshold value of 50 nm, with the dispersion of deposited energy ascending above ~10%. Ion species and energy dependence of the energy-loss straggling are also investigated. For a given beam, the dispersion of deposited energy results in large uncertainty on the actual linear energy transfer （LET） of incident ions, and thus single event effect （SEE） responses, which pose great challenges for traditional error rate prediction methods.
To explore the prevalence and associated risk indicators of dental fluorosis in the mainland of China.
Data for this study was obtained from the 4th National Oral Health Survey in China, conducted ...from 2015 to 2016. The sample population was 12-year-old school students. Study participants were selected using a multi-stage, stratified random sample selection procedure using a sampling frame compiled from geographical distribution of China. The level of dental fluorosis was determined using the Dean index recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). A structured questionnaire was distributed to all the subjects in schools. Participants completed a questionnaire with assistance from staff. A bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between dental fluorosis and the independent variables.
A total of 27,495 students were evaluated, of which 13,650 (49.6%) were male. Overall, dental fluorosis was found in 13.4% of participants; 6.3% had very mild fluorosis, 4.3% had mild fluorosis, 2.3% had moderate fluorosis, and 0.5% had severe fluorosis. The community fluorosis index was 0.28. In the final logistic regression model students from rural areas (RR:1.582, 95%CI 1.473-1.700), students whose fathers had low education (RR:1.429, 95%CI 1.230-1.661 & 1.184, 95%CI 1.026-1.365), and those students with sibling (RR:1.537, 95%CI 1.414-1.671) were more significantly associated with dental fluorosis.
As a whole, China has a low dental fluorosis prevalence. Rural areas were the key places for the prevention of dental fluorosis. More prevention measures should be conducted on the children whose fathers were of lower education and who were not an only child.
Cytotoxic Constituents of Chinese Propolis Sha, Na; Guan, Shu-Hong; Lu, Zhi-Qiang ...
Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.),
04/2009, Letnik:
72, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A pair of new flavanol racemates (1a and 1b) and a new flavanol racemic mixture (2) were isolated from crude propolis from Henan Province, People’s Republic of China. Also obtained were nine known ...compounds, including two flavones, four flavonols, two flavanols, and isoferulic acid. Spectroscopic analysis was employed to assign the structures of these new compounds and the absolute configurations of 1a and 1b. Cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds against the HeLa human cervical carcinoma cancer cell line was evaluated, with only compounds 1a, 1b, 2, and rhamnetin (3) being active.
We propose a protocol to concentrate partially entangled states of photons using entanglement reflector, which consists of a single electron spin confined in a charged quantum dot inside a ...single-sided microcavity. The outstanding advantage of the proposed scheme is its experimental simplicity and feasibility since it only needs to perform a single local measurement on electronic spins rather than a joint Bell-state measurement on photons. We then extend this scheme to concentrate
N-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Finally, we analyze the influence of various imperfections on the scheme.
► Entanglement concentration of photons is implemented via entanglement reflector. ► It only needs to perform local measurement on electronic spins. ► The scheme is immune to photon loss when the balance reflection is satisfied.
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