Radiative cooling, which aims at cooling objects by radiating heat into the outer space through the atmosphere window, has garnered wide interests since it is a passive refrigeration mode without ...extra energy consumption. However, most of the proposed structures, to maximize the cooling performance, are in white color, which may limit their practical applications due to some aesthetic consideration. To reveal the competing role between color display and radiative cooling performance, we take a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) colored radiative cooler structure as representative to explore how the structure parameters influence the cooling performance and color display respectively, and clarify the key parameters for the desired performance. Moreover, the reflectance of the colored radiative cooler is identified as peak- and valley-types to clarify the color display performance. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficients between radiative cooling performance and the CIE-LCH color space parameters (lightness, chroma, and hue) are calculated, revealing that the lightness plays a dominant role. The present study is expected to reveal the competing role of radiative cooling power and color display, and trigger the practical applications of radiative cooling technologies.
•A colored radiative cooler with a metal-dielectric-metal structure is proposed.•The competing role between color display and radiative cooling power is revealed.•Lightness plays a more dominant role than chroma and hue for colored radiative cooling.
In recent years, the development of neural networks has significantly advanced their application in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ship target detection for maritime traffic control and ship ...management. However, traditional neural network architectures are often complex and resource intensive, making them unsuitable for deployment on artificial satellites. To address this issue, this paper proposes a lightweight neural network: the Multi-Scale SAR Ship Detection Network (MSSD-Net). Initially, the MobileOne network module is employed to construct the backbone network for feature extraction from SAR images. Subsequently, a Multi-Scale Coordinate Attention (MSCA) module is designed to enhance the network’s capability to process contextual information. This is followed by the integration of features across different scales using an FPN + PAN structure. Lastly, an Anchor-Free approach is utilized for the rapid detection of ship targets. To evaluate the performance of MSSD-Net, we conducted extensive experiments on the Synthetic Aperture Radar Ship Detection Dataset (SSDD) and SAR-Ship-Dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate that MSSD-Net achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 98.02% on the SSDD while maintaining a compact model size of only 1.635 million parameters. This indicates that MSSD-Net effectively reduces model complexity without compromising its ability to achieve high accuracy in object detection tasks.
Seasonally distribution and source apportionment of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the road dust (RD) with the four size fraction sizes (<45 μm, 45–63 μm, 63–150 μm and all sizes) in a typical ...industrial district were investigated using a combination of Moran index, Principal component analysis (PCA), and Positive matrix factorization (PMF). Results showed that from winter to summer, the proportion of the <45 μm fraction dust in the total RD mass increased from 6.72% to 15.92% and that of 63–150 μm dust particles decreased from 31.13% to 21.76%. The proportion of the enrichment factors (EF) at moderate pollution level in winter was higher than that in summer, especially for Cu, Cd and Pb. Further, the heavy metals were relatively enriched in particles 63–150 μm in summer, while in particles <45 μm in winter. Spatially, the distribution of heavy metal concentrations was more concentrated in the winter and showed low levels of regional diffusion. Based on the pollution mapping and PCA-PMF, the integrated source appointment showed that the industrial sources are the main sources of Zn, Cd and Pb, and their contributions are higher at a particle below 45 μm in winter. The construction source significantly influenced Cr, Mn and Cu in summer with little diversity among particle size ranges. Therefore, the <45 μm particles from industrial emission in winter is suggested to be under priority control. And the industrial transformation demonstration area in the Qingshan district should upgrade heavy pollution industry lines and strengthen the monitoring of soot emissions. Further, emissions from coal-fired enterprises should be restricted in winter. Besides, the attention should be paid to avoid urban traffic jams around construction projects and increase enclosed construction ratio.
Display omitted
•Seasonal heavy metal enrichment in particle size fractions of road dust was surveyed.•Pollution sources were identified using integrated multivariate statistical analysis.•Particles 63–150 μm in summer and particles <45 μm in winter have higher pollution.•Industrial sources were regarded as the main pollution sources of Zn, Cd, and Pb.•Dust Particles <45 μm from the industrial emission in winter need priority control.
Purpose
To evaluate the possibility of using a variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping technique to diagnose liver fibrosis.
Materials and Methods
Liver fibrosis was induced in rabbits by repetitive ...administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 29 animals (liver fibrosis, n = 18; control, n = 11) using a series of nonenhanced liver acquisition volume acceleration (LAVA) with VFAs at 3.0T. Hepatic T1 relaxation times were measured via regions of interest, which were correlated with subsequent histologic confirmation. The results of T1 mapping in assessment of liver fibrosis were compared with that of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
Results
The mean T1 relaxation time of the control group was the lowest (250.07 ± 88.12 msec), followed by the nonadvanced fibrosis group (387.83 ± 166.58 msec) and the advanced fibrosis group (496.90 ± 291.24 msec). T1 relaxation time measurements differed significantly between the liver fibrosis group and control group (P < 0.05), with a trend of increased mean T1 relaxation times as the fibrotic stage increased. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the nonadvanced fibrosis group (P < 0.05), however with much overlap between the less severe stages. In discriminating between the control group and liver fibrosis group, stage F0‐1 (control and stage F1) and stage F2‐3, stage F0‐2 (control and stage F1‐2) and stage F3, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.803 (cutoff value 273.01 msec), 0.712 (cutoff value 371.54 msec), and 0.696 (cutoff value 276.99 msec), respectively. No difference was found between T1 relaxation times and ADC values in assessment of liver fibrosis in our study.
Conclusion
VFA T1 mapping may become a noninvasive imaging tool for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:698–703.
•Radiative thermal diode with time regulating is proposed based on MIT of vanadium dioxide.•Numerical expressions of three forms of radiative thermal diode is deduced.•Influence of shape factors on ...the thermal rectification effect is investigated.
Thermal diode, which allows heat transfer between two terminals in one direction but blocks it in the opposite direction, has attracted extensive attention in recent years because of its potential applications in thermal management, energy systems, information processing and so on. Compared to the conductive thermal diode, the photon-based radiative thermal diode can break the performance limitations and achieve better thermal rectification effect. In this study, a temporally-adjustable radiative thermal diode consisting of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and blackbody is proposed. Based on the metal-insulator phase change of vanadium dioxide, the thermal rectification could be modulated with time, thus enabling time-dependent heat flow control. The influence of shape factors on the thermal rectification is specifically investigated, revealing that the thermal rectification effect is positively correlated with the ratios of inner and outer radius of cylindrical and spherical radiative thermal diodes, and the thermal rectification effect of planar diode is stronger than that of cylindrical or spherical diode under the same settings. The temporally-adjustable photon-based thermal diode is demonstrated to be more powerful with large thermal rectification ratio, precise control of heat, and configuration adjustability.
Aim
To assess the potential heterogeneity in cardiovascular (CV), renal and safety outcomes of canagliflozin between Whites and Asians, as well as these outcomes in each subgroup.
Materials and ...Methods
The CANVAS Program enrolled 10 142 patients with type 2 diabetes, comprising 78.34% Whites and 12.66% Asians. CV, renal and safety outcomes were comprehensively analysed using Cox regression models, while intermediate markers were assessed using time‐varying mixed‐effects models. Racial heterogeneity was evaluated by adding a treatment‐race interacion term.
Results
Canagliflozin showed no significant racial disparities in the majority of the CV, renal and safety outcomes. The heterogeneity (p = .04) was observed on all‐cause mortality, with reduced risk in Whites (hazard ratio 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.71‐0.99) and a statistically non‐significant increased risk in Asians (hazard ratio 1.64; 95% confidence interval 0.94‐2.90). There was a significant racial difference in acute kidney injury (p = .04) and a marginally significant racial heterogeneity for the composite of hospitalization for heart failure and CV death (p = .06) and serious renal‐related adverse events (p = .07).
Conclusion
Canagliflozin reduced CV and renal risks similarly in Whites and Asians; however, there was a significant racial discrepancy in all‐cause mortality. This distinction may be attributed to the fact that Asian patients exhibited diminished CV protection effects and more renal adverse events with canagliflozin, potentially resulting from the smaller reductions in weight and uric acid. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the impact of race on treatment response to sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and provide more precise treatment strategies.
The GRACE and CHA2DS2-VASc risk score are developed for risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndrome and AF, respectively. We aimed to assess the predictive performance of the GRACE ...score and CHA2DS2-VASc score among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of AF admitted to our hospital for PCI between January 2016 and December 2018 were included and followed up for at least 1 year. The primary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) including all-cause mortality, repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, or ischaemic stroke.
A total of 1452 patients were identified. Cox regression demonstrated that the GRACE (HR 1.014, 95% CI 1.008-1.020, p < 0.001) but not the CHA2DS2-VASc score was associated with the risk of MACEs. Both GRACE and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were predictive of all-cause mortality with HR of 1.028 (95% CI 1.020-1.037, p < 0.001) and 1.334 (95% CI 1.107-1.632, p = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed both scores had similar discrimination capacity for all-cause mortality (C-statistic: 0.708 for GRACE vs. 0.661 for CHA2DS2-VASc, p = 0.299). High GRACE score was also significantly associated with increased risk of ischaemic stroke (HR 1.018, 95% CI 1.005-1.031, p = 0.006) and major bleeding (HR 1.012, 95% CI 1.001-1.024, p = 0.039), whereas high CHA2DS2-VASc score was not.
High GRACE score but not CHA2DS2-VASc score were both associated with an increased risk of MACEs after PCI in patients with AF. The GRACE and CHA2DS2-VASc scores have similar predictive performance for predicting all-cause mortality.
Key messages:
In patients with AF undergoing PCI, increasing GRACE but not CHA2DS2-VASc scores was independently associated high risk of MACEs.
The GRACE score could also help identify patients at higher risk of stroke and major bleeding.
Both GRACE and CHA2DS2-VASc scores showed good ability in the prediction of all-cause mortality.
Bongkrekic acid (BA) poisoning can progress rapidly and lead to the failure of multiple organs, such as brain, liver and kidney. The mortality of BA poisoning is 40–100%. Little information is ...available on the toxicokinetic parameters of BA in human. Although hemodialysis is widely utilized for patients with severe BA poisoning, the exact amount of BA removed by hemodialysis is poorly documented. We analyzed toxicokinetic parameters, endogenous clearance and hemodialysis clearance in a patient with BA poisoning.
A 27-year-old male developed symptoms of severe diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and weakness after eating rice noodles for more than one day. The patient developed multiple organ failures, especially the liver. Initial serum BA concentration was 0.5μg/mL. He received plasmapheresis, routing, and Oxiris-based Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT). The whole blood, serum, urine and dialysate BA concentrations were collected and analyzed hourly. Toxicokinetic parameters relationships were determined using noncompartmental analysis. The clearances were determined using standard pharmacokinetic calculations. The disposition of BA was characterized by a long half-life (t1/2 of 102) and high max plasma (CL of 129,000 L/h/kg) following ingestion of contaminated food. The average serum clearance of BA during PE is remarkable higher than CRRT and the endogenous clearance. In contrast, the rates of decline in blood levels during the CRRT treatments were similar to the natural rate of decline. The total amount of BA removed by Plasmapheresis was 5.51mg. However, most CRRT failed to eliminate BA. We report a rare case of BA poisoning with a complication of liver failure and acute kidney damage. The patient expired, even with supportive care, plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. Analysis of whole blood, serum, urine and dialysate concentrations showed limited efficacy of CRRT in removing BA from blood. In contrast, there was significant extraction of BA from Plasmapheresis.
Display omitted
•A rare case of Bongkrekic acid poisoning with a complication of liver failure and acute kidney damage.•The patient initial serum Bongkrekic acid concentration was 0.5μg/mL.•It was significant extraction of Bongkrekic acid from Plasmapheresis than Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.
Purpose
To evaluate the possibility of using a variable flip angle (VFA)
T
1
mapping technique to diagnose liver fibrosis.
Materials and Methods
Liver fibrosis was induced in rabbits by repetitive ...administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl
4
).
T
1
‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 29 animals (liver fibrosis,
n
= 18; control,
n
= 11) using a series of nonenhanced liver acquisition volume acceleration (LAVA) with VFAs at 3.0T. Hepatic
T
1
relaxation times were measured via regions of interest, which were correlated with subsequent histologic confirmation. The results of
T
1
mapping in assessment of liver fibrosis were compared with that of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
Results
The mean
T
1
relaxation time of the control group was the lowest (250.07 ± 88.12 msec), followed by the nonadvanced fibrosis group (387.83 ± 166.58 msec) and the advanced fibrosis group (496.90 ± 291.24 msec).
T
1
relaxation time measurements differed significantly between the liver fibrosis group and control group (
P
< 0.05), with a trend of increased mean
T
1
relaxation times as the fibrotic stage increased. Statistically significant differences were observed between the control group and the nonadvanced fibrosis group (
P
< 0.05), however with much overlap between the less severe stages. In discriminating between the control group and liver fibrosis group, stage F0‐1 (control and stage F1) and stage F2‐3, stage F0‐2 (control and stage F1‐2) and stage F3, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were 0.803 (cutoff value 273.01 msec), 0.712 (cutoff value 371.54 msec), and 0.696 (cutoff value 276.99 msec), respectively. No difference was found between
T
1
relaxation times and ADC values in assessment of liver fibrosis in our study.
Conclusion
VFA
T
1
mapping may become a noninvasive imaging tool for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:698–703.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in RNAs is closely related to various biological progresses, but the specific regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. The existing m6A single-base resolution analysis ...techniques have problems of specificity and sensitivity to be improved, which can hardly meet the urgent needs of basic research and clinical applications. This work proposes a new strategy based on xeno nucleic acid (XNA) probe and CRISPR/Cas12a signal amplification for the sensitive detection of site-specific m6A modifications. According to the difference in the thermodynamic stability of hybridization between XNA probe with m6A-RNA and A-RNA, XNA was designed as a block probe to mediate m6A-RNA specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (MsRT-PCR). Therefore, m6A can be specifically distinguished by converting difficult-to-test m6A modifications into easily detectable dsDNA fragments. Integration of CRISPR/Cas12a technology, skilfully designed sequences of crRNAs targeting m6A site-specific amplification dsDNA. The specificity was significantly improved through dual specific recognition of XNA probe and crRNA. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the assay was also greatly increased by the combined signal amplification of PCR and CRISPR/Cas12a. Additionally, we extend the application of CRISPR/Cas12a to flexible fluorescent and electrochemical biosensing system, which can accurately detect m6A modifications with different ranges of methylation fractions. The analysis results of m6A sites in MALAT1, ACTB and TPT1 further demonstrated the feasibility of the constructed biosensor for the accurate detection of hypomethylated samples in cells. The implementation of this work will provide strong technical support to promote the in-depth research on m6A in disease regulation mechanisms and in vitro molecular diagnosis.
XNA probe mediated methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and CRISPR/Cas12a-powered flexible electrochemical and fluorescent dual-mode assay for sensitive detection of N6-methyladenosine in RNA. Display omitted
•m6A and A were specifically distinguished by converting m6A modifications into easily detectable dsDNA fragments.•The crRNAs were cleverly designed to target m6A amplification sequences, and background interference was significantly eliminated.•The specificity of m6A analysis was ensured by the combined targeting screen of XNA probes and crRNA.•The sensitivity of the method was greatly increased by the dual signal amplification of MsRT-PCR and CRISPR/Cas12a.•Flexible analysis of site-specific RNA modifications in different linear ranges was achieved by dual-mode signal output.
PDF
