Abstract
Interest in low-temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells is growing. Recent advances in perovskite phases have resulted in an efficient H
+
/O
2-
/e
-
triple-conducting electrode BaCo
...0.4
Fe
0.4
Zr
0.1
Y
0.1
O
3-δ
for low-temperature fuel cells. Here, we further develop BaCo
0.4
Fe
0.4
Zr
0.1
Y
0.1
O
3-δ
for electrolyte applications by taking advantage of its high ionic conduction while suppressing its electronic conduction through constructing a BaCo
0.4
Fe
0.4
Zr
0.1
Y
0.1
O
3-δ
-ZnO p-n heterostructure. With this approach, it has been demonstrated that BaCo
0.4
Fe
0.4
Zr
0.1
Y
0.1
O
3-δ
can be applied in a fuel cell with good electrolyte functionality, achieving attractive ionic conductivity and cell performance. Further investigation confirms the hybrid H
+
/O
2-
conducting capability of BaCo
0.4
Fe
0.4
Zr
0.1
Y
0.1
O
3-δ
-ZnO. An energy band alignment mechanism based on a p-n heterojunction is proposed to explain the suppression of electronic conductivity and promotion of ionic conductivity in the heterostructure. Our findings demonstrate that BaCo
0.4
Fe
0.4
Zr
0.1
Y
0.1
O
3-δ
is not only a good electrode but also a highly promising electrolyte. The approach reveals insight for developing advanced low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes.
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, resulting in organ dysfunction. Sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common potential complications. ...Increasing reports have shown that M1 and M2 macrophages both take part in the progress of AKI by influencing the level of inflammatory factors and the cell death, including pyroptosis. However, whether M1 and M2 macrophages regulate AKI by secreting exosome remains unknown. In the present study, we isolated the exosomes from M1 and M2 macrophages and used Western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the effect of M1 and M2 exosomes on cell pyroptosis. miRNA sequencing was used to identify the different miRNA in M1 and M2 exosomes. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the target gene of miRNA. We confirmed that exosomes excreted by macrophages regulated cell pyroptosis in vitro by using Western blot and ELISA. miRNA sequencing revealed the differentially expressed level of miRNAs in M1 and M2 exosomes, among which miR‐93‐5p was involved in the regulation of pyroptosis. By using bioinformatics predictions and luciferase reporter assay, we found that thioredoxin–interacting protein (TXNIP) was a direct target of miR‐93‐5p. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that exosomal miR‐93‐5p regulated the TXNIP directly to influence the pyroptosis in renal epithelial cells, which explained the functional difference between different phenotypes of macrophages. This study might provide new targets for the treatment of sepsis‐induced AKI.
This case series describes reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results in 4 health professionals discharged from hospitalization or quarantine after 2 negative RT-PCR test ...results and resolution of clinical COVID-19 infection.
The extensive research on liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) performed in the last 10 years has enabled a low cost and mass scalable approach to the successful production of a range of solution-processed ...2-dimensional (2D) materials suitable for many applications, from composites to energy storage and printed electronics. However, direct LPE requires the use of specific solvents, which are typically toxic and expensive. Dispersant-assisted LPE allows us to overcome this problem by enabling production of solution processed 2D materials in a wider range of solvents, including water. This approach is based on the inclusion of an additive, typically an amphiphilic molecule, designed to interact with both the nanosheet and the solvent, enabling exfoliation and stabilization at the same time. This method has been extensively used for the LPE of graphene and has been discussed in many reviews, whilst little attention has been given to dispersant-assisted LPE of 2D materials beyond graphene. Considering the increasing number of 2D materials and their potential in many applications, from nanomedicine to energy storage and catalysis, this review focuses on the dispersant-assisted LPE of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and less studied 2D materials. We first provide an introduction to the fundamentals of LPE and the type of dispersants that have been used for the production of graphene, we then discuss each class of 2D material, providing an overview on the concentration and properties of the nanosheets obtained. Finally, a perspective is given on some of the challenges that need to be addressed in this field of research.
Dispersant-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation allows the production of a wide range of water-based 2D material dispersions. This review provides an overview on this production method and also gives some perspectives on future research directions.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe complication of preterm infants characterized by increased alveolarization and inflammation. Premature exposure to hyperoxia is believed to be a key ...contributor to the pathogenesis of BPD. No effective preventive or therapeutic agents have been created. Stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is associated with inflammation and apoptosis in various lung diseases. Long non‐coding RNA MALAT1 has been reported to be involved in BPD. However, how MALAT1 regulates STING expression remains unknown. In this study, we assessed that STING and MALAT1 were up‐regulated in the lung tissue from BPD neonates, hyperoxia‐based rat models and lung epithelial cell lines. Then, using the flow cytometry and cell proliferation assay, we found that down‐regulating of STING or MALAT1 inhibited the apoptosis and promoted the proliferation of hyperoxia‐treated cells. Subsequently, qRT‐PCR, Western blotting and dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that suppressing MALAT1 decreased the expression and promoter activity of STING. Moreover, transcription factor CREB showed its regulatory role in the transcription of STING via a chromatin immunoprecipitation. In conclusion, MALAT1 interacts with CREB to regulate STING transcription in BPD neonates. STING, CREB and MALAT1 may be promising therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of BPD.
A copper(I) 3,5‐diphenyltriazolate metal–organic framework (CuTz‐1) was synthesized and extensively characterized by using a multi‐technique approach. The combined results provided solid evidence ...that CuTz‐1 features an unprecedented Cu5tz6 cluster as the secondary building unit (SBU) with channels approximately 8.3 Å in diameter. This metal–organic framework (MOF) material, which is both thermally and chemically (basic and acidic) stable, exhibited semiconductivity and high photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of dyes in the presence of H2O2. Its catalytic performance was superior to that of reported MOFs and comparable to some composites, which has been attributed to its high efficiency in generating .OH, the most active species for the degradation of dyes. It is suggested that the photogenerated holes are trapped by CuI, which yields CuII, the latter of which behaves as a catalyst for a Fenton‐like reaction to produce an excess amount of .OH in addition to that formed through the scavenging of photogenerated electrons by H2O2. Furthermore, it was shown that a dye mixture (methyl orange, methyl blue, methylene blue, and rhodamine B) could be totally decolorized by using CuTz‐1 as a photocatalyst in the presence of H2O2 under the irradiation of a Xe lamp or natural sunlight.
In the frame: A thermally and chemically stable CuI–triazolate metal–organic framework (CuTz‐1) was prepared and demonstrated to exhibit high photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of dyes in the presence of H2O2 (see figure for dye decolorization). CuTz‐1 could be used as a catalyst for at least four cycles without significant change to the crystallinity and catalytic activity.
Titanium metal–organic frameworks (Ti‐MOFs), as an appealing type of artificial photocatalyst, have shown great potential in the field of solar energy conversion due to their well‐studied photoredox ...activity (similar to TiO2) and good optical responsiveness of linkers, which serve as the antenna to absorb visible‐light. Although much effort has been dedicated to developing Ti‐MOFs with high photocatalytic activity, their solar energy conversion performances are still poor. Herein, we have implemented a covalent‐integration strategy to construct a series of multivariate Ti‐MOF/COF hybrid materials PdTCPP⊂PCN‐415(NH2)/TpPa (composites 1, 2, and 3), featuring excellent visible‐light utilization, a suitable band gap, and high surface area for photocatalytic H2 production. Notably, the resulting composites demonstrated remarkably enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 evolution performance, especially for the composite 2 with a maximum H2 evolution rate of 13.98 mmol g−1 h−1 (turnover frequency (TOF)=227 h−1), which is much higher than that of PdTCPP⊂PCN‐415(NH2) (0.21 mmol g−1 h−1) and TpPa (6.51 mmol g−1 h−1). Our work thereby suggests a new approach to highly efficient photocatalysts for H2 evolution and beyond.
A series of covalently connected multivariate Ti‐MOF/COF hybrid materials were constructed demonstrating outstanding photocatalytic H2 evolution performance with a maximum H2 evolution rate of 13.98 mmol g−1 h−1 (TOF=227 h−1), much higher than the prototypical counterparts.
The epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus, later named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still gradually spreading worldwide. The nucleic acid test or genetic ...sequencing serves as the gold standard method for confirmation of infection, yet several recent studies have reported false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Here, we report two representative false-negative cases and discuss the supplementary role of clinical data with rRT-PCR, including laboratory examination results and computed tomography features. Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and other viruses has been discussed as well.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell ...therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).
This ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m
. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 10
cells/kg range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 10
) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.
At data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval CI, 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.
LCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.
ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03090659 ; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registered.
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