In this study, 1-μm diameter polybutadiene-encapsulated non-porous zirconia particles were synthesized, slurry packed into 50-μm I.D. fused-silica capillary columns, and evaluated using ultrahigh ...pressure liquid chromatography. The dependencies of column efficiency and solute retention factor on pressure were investigated. Efficiencies as high as 280 000 plates per meter were obtained for the separation of anti-inflammatory drugs at a pressure of 1351 MPa. Comparing the reversed-phase behavior of the polybutadiene-encapsulated non-porous zirconia with octadecylsilane bonded non-porous silica, greater selectivity was found using the zirconia-based material for the applications reported in this study. The encapsulated non-porous zirconia particles demonstrated excellent thermal stability in the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a temperature of 100
°C and a pressure of 1351 MPa.
Aim： To study the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） on the phosphorylation of IκB kinase （IKK）β, IKKα, and IκBα in alveolar macrophages （AM）, and to explore ...the pharmacological mechanisms of NAC and PDTC as inhibitors of NF-κB activation. Methods： AM were collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The AM were incubated for 1.5 h with NAC and PDTC, and then stimulated for 90 min by either tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α or interleukin （IL）-1. Western blotting was used to detect the protein phosphorylation levels of IKKβ, IKKa, and IκBα. NF-κB activity was analyzed by using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results： NAC inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKβ, IKKα, and IKBα induced by TNF-α, but had no effect on the phosphorylation of IKKβ, IKKa and IκBα induced by IL-1. PDTC did not inhibit the phosphorylation of IκBα induced by TNF-α or IL-1. Similarly, NAC inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by TNF-α, but had no effect on the activation of NF-κB induced by IL-1. PDTC significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB induced by TNF-α and IL-1. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay also showed that PDTC and NAC do not directly inhibit NF-κB DNA binding activity in vitro. Conclusion： PDTC prevents the degradation of NF-κBα via the ubiquitylation-proteasome proteolytic pathway. NAC can inhibit the processes upstream of IKK activation induced by TNF-α, which results in the decline of NF-κB activity.
The complex operating environment could entail a significant degradation on electromagnetic properties of active phased array antenna (APAA), which has been proven as a barrier to improve the ...capability of APAA. Thus an effective compensation method is essential to ensure the antenna's properties. Based on the structural-electromagnetic coupling model, combined with the least squares method, the adjustment quantity of RF phase and amplitude excitation are obtained, which shall be implemented to recover a high quality pattern from a distorted antenna. A linear array of elements is analyzed based on this method to compensate the degradation of system performance resulting from mechanical vibrations. Numerical results show this technique permits to restore the steering direction, decrease the side lobes and eventually recover high quality patterns in all directions.
Primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) is a subgroup of hepatocellular carcinoma. At present, little is known about the relationship between the prognosis and the treatment of PCCCL. The ...purpose of the study was to analyze the clinical and pathological features, and to discuss the relationship between the prognosis and the surgical treatment of PCCCL.
Eighteen cases with pathologically proved PCCCL between March 1999 and January 2003 were enrolled, the preoperative and intraoperative clinical features, pathological features and the follow-up data were analyzed.
Histological examinations showed PCCCL was characterized by large numbers of vacuolated clear cells. The differentiation degree ranged from grade 1 to 3, liver cirrhosis or/and chronic hepatitis was present in paratumorous tissues. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 76.5% (13/18) and 47.1% (8/18) respectively, and the median survival time was 23 months. The longest survival time was 97 months after surgery. Among the 13 cases with radical resection, nine cases had recurrence.
The clear cells of PCCCL contain substantial quantities of glycogen and lipid. The clinical characteristics of the PCCCL are similar to those of conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical resection is an effective way to achieve favorable outcomes and even long-term survival of the patients with PCCCL.
We re-estimate the peculiar velocity of the Sun with respect to the local standard of rest (LSR) using a sample of local stars within 600 pc of the Sun, selected from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object ...Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also named the Guoshoujing Telescope) Spectroscopic Survey of the Galactic Anti-centre (LSS-GAC). The sample consists of 94 332 FGK main-sequence stars with well-determined radial velocities and atmospheric parameters. To derive the LSR, two independent analyses are applied to the data. First, we determine the solar motion by comparing the observed velocity distribution to that generated with the analytic formulism of Schönrich & Binney that has been demonstrated to show excellent agreement with rigorous torus-based dynamics modelling by Binney & McMillan. Secondly, we propose that cold populations of thin disc stars, selected by applying an orbital eccentricity cut, can be directly used to determine the LSR without the need of asymmetric drift corrections. Both approaches yield consistent results of solar motion in the direction of Galactic rotation, V
⊙, that are much higher than the standard value adopted hitherto, derived from Strömgren's equation. The newly deduced values of V
⊙ are 1–2 km s−1 smaller than the more recent estimates derived from the Geneva–Copenhagen Survey (GCS) sample of stars in the solar neighbourhood (within 100 pc). We attribute the small difference to the presence of several well-known moving groups in the GCS sample that, fortunately, hardly affect the LSS-GAC sample. The newly derived radial (U
⊙) and vertical (W
⊙) components of the solar motion agree well with the previous studies. In addition, for all components of the solar motion, the values yielded by stars of different spectral types in the LSS-GAC sample are consistent with each other, suggesting that the local disc is well relaxed and that the LSR reported in the current work is robust. Our final recommended LSR is, (U⊙, V⊙, W⊙) = (7.01 ± 0.20, 10.13 ± 0.12, 4.95 ± 0.09) km s−1.
Purpose
The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP‐1 (CCT) plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by assisting the folding of many proteins and is also well known for the ...critical roles in disease. However, the functions of CCT complex have not been established globally, especially when translocating into nuclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the function of CCT in nuclear and present a strategy in clinical proteomics studies.
Experimental design
Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE) combined with mass spectrometry was applied to separate and identify CCT protein complexes.
Results
We isolated the CCT complex in K562 nucleus and identified a novel CCT complex containing 40 protein components involved in protein folding, RNA processing, apoptosis, and cell metabolism. The interactions between four candidate proteins and CCT were confirmed by immunoblotting. Computational biological analyses and independent biochemical assays validated the overall quality of interactions.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Our results support clues that CCT might play an unexpected role in various biological processes including RNA processing. And we envision future applications for this system searching for new clues of CCT in disease and readily be applied to the clinic.
Five new complexes containing achiral phosphines and chiral diamine were synthesized and characterized. Their hydrogenation results indicated that a phosphine ligand which was of a large bite angle ...or an electron-donated group could improve the catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of carbonyl group. The electron factors of phosphine ligand had no remarkable effects on the e.e. value of hydrogenation products.
▪
Five novel ruthenium complexes, RuCl
2(MOTPP)
2(
S,
S)-DPEN MOTPP
=
tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (
1), RuCl
2(TFTPP)
2(
S,
S)-DPEN TFTPP
=
tris(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphine (
2), RuCl
2(PPh
3)
2(
S,
S)-DPEN (
3), RuCl
2(BDPX)(
S,
S)-DPEN BDPX
=
1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)benzene (
4), RuCl
2(BISBI)(
S,
S)-DPENBISBI
=
2,2′-bis((diphenylphosphino)methyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (
5) were synthesized and used for the hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. The complexes showed high catalytic activities, especially that the catalytic activity of complex
5 containing the diphosphine with large bite angle and complex
1 containing triarylphosphine with electron-donating group were higher than the other three complexes. The enantioselectivities of products were almost not influenced by the electron factors of phosphine.
To explore the usefulness of proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferating index (PCNA PI) in the pathological diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.
Testicular biopsy specimen obtained from ...48 cases of male infertility and 2 normal controls were fixed and embedded. The sections were stained with anti-PCNA monoclonal antibodies or haematoxylin/eosin. Proliferating index (PI), expressed as the percentage of germ-cell nuclei positively stained with PCNA antibody, was assessed from more than 20 seminiferous tubules or 600 germ-cells.
The infertile patients were divided into 4 groups: Group 1, normal spermatogenesis (14 cases); Group 2, hypospermatogenesis (16 cases); Group 3, germinal arrest (10 cases); Group 4, Sertoli cell only syndrome (8 cases). The PCNA PI of normal control testis was 86.5% (mean value). Group 3 had a significantly lower PCNA PI (29.8%) than normal testis; Group 1 and 2 had similar PIs (82.3% and 82.3%, respectively) as the control testis. PI of the negative control (Group 4) was 0 as no germ-cells were found.
PCNA PI is useful for assessing germ-cell kinetics, especially for pathological diagnosis of germinal arrest which is difficult to differentiate by routine HE staining technique. In germinal arrest, there is a significantly lowered PCNA PI, which is an indication of DNA synthesis deterioration, suggesting the use of therapies be different from those for hypospermatogenesis.
The recently described polyploid Saxifraga svalbardensis is endemic to the arctic archipelago of Svalbard. We investigated relationships among four closely related species of Saxifraga in Svalbard ...and tested three previously proposed hypotheses for the origin of S. svalbardensis: (1) differentiation from the morphologically and chromosomally variable polyploid S. cernua; (2) hybridization between the diploid S. hyperborea and S. cernua; and (3) hybridization between the tetraploid S. rivularis and S. cernua. Fifteen populations were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast gene matK and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). RAPD and matK data suggest that S. svalbardensis has originated from a hybrid with S. rivularis as the maternal parent and S. cernua as the paternal parent, possibly a single time, whereas ITS data could not be used to discriminate among the hypotheses. The data also suggest that the diploid S. hyperborea is a progenitor of the tetraploid S. rivularis. The four populations examined of S. svalbardensis were virtually identical for RAPD and ITS markers, whereas S. cernua showed high levels of variation, suggesting that the latter polyploid either has formed recurrently or has undergone considerable differentiation since its origin
A novel minimized microstrip planar antenna with pre-controllable resonant frequency and impedance matching is presented for microwave engineering applications. Double-sided planar structure is ...adopted to build the resonant loop of the antenna. The tuning of the impedance matching and the resonant frequency is studied, and the impedance matching and resonant frequency can be adjusted independently. These characteristics are validated by full wave electromagnetic simulation. A 2.4 GHz antenna for ZigBee application is designed based on the proposed structure. The simulation shows that the -10 dB bandwidth is from 2.21 GHz to 2.74 GHz with an omnibearing radiation, 2.48 dBi gain, and 35 dB return loss at the central frequency, respectively. The antenna is fabricated with a volume of 0.285λ 0 ×0.325λ 0 ×0.0065λ 0 . The measurement shows that the -10 dB bandwidth is from 2.205 GHz to 2.756 GHz, the VSWR is less than 1.04 and the return loss is better than 34 dB at 2.46 GHz.
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