2D lead iodide (PbI2) is attracting great interest due to its great potential in the application of UV photodetectors. In this work, a facile solution‐based method is developed to synthesize ...ultraflat PbI2 nanoflakes for high‐performance UV photodetectors. By maintaining at proximate room temperature and adding an evaporation suppression solvent for slow‐rate crystal growth, high‐quality PbI2 nanoflakes with an ultraflat surface are obtained. The UV photodetectors based on 2D PbI2 nanoflakes exhibit a high photoresponsivity of 0.51 A W−1, a high detectivity of 4.0 × 1010 Jones, a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 168.9%, and a rapid response speed including a rise time of 14.1 ms and a decay time of 31.0 ms. The balanced and excellent photodetector performance of these devices paves the road for practical UV photodetection based on 2D PbI2 nanoflakes.
The growth of ultraflat PbI2 nanoflakes is realized by solvent evaporation suppression. Optimized surface topography endows superior performance to PbI2‐based photodetectors, including a high responsivity of 0.51 A W−1, a high detectivity of 4.0 × 1010 Jones, a high external quantum efficiency of 168.9%, a rapid rise time of 14.1 ms, and a decay time of 31.0 ms.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and 70-80% of PD patients suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction such as constipation. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fecal ...microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treating PD related to gastrointestinal dysfunction. We conducted a prospective, single- study. Eleven patients with PD received FMT. Fecal samples were collected before and after FMT and subjected to 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencing. Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) grade, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, and the Non-Motion Symptom Questionnaire (NMSS) were used to assess improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms. PAC-QOL score and Wexner constipation score were used to assess the patient's constipation symptoms. All patients were tested by the small intestine breath hydrogen test, performed before and after FMT. Community richness (chao) and microbial structure in before-FMT PD patients were significantly different from the after-FMT. We observed an increased abundance of Blautia and Prevotella in PD patients after FMT, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased dramatically. After FMT, the H-Y grade, UPDRS, and NMSS of PD patients decreased significantly. Through the lactulose H2 breath test, the intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients returned to normal. The PAC-QOL score and Wexner constipation score in after-FMT patients decreased significantly. Our study profiles specific characteristics and microbial dysbiosis in the gut of PD patients. FMT might be a therapeutic potential for reconstructing the gut microbiota of PD patients and improving their motor and non-motor symptoms.
Terpenoids represent 60% of known natural products, including many drugs and drug candidates, and their biosynthesis is attracting great interest. However, the unknown cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in ...terpenoid biosynthetic pathways make the heterologous production of related terpenoids impossible, while the slow kinetics of some known CYPs greatly limit the efficiency of terpenoid biosynthesis. Thus, there is a compelling need to discover and engineer CYPs for terpenoid biosynthesis to fully realize their great potential for industrial application. This review article summarizes the current state of CYP discovery and engineering in terpenoid biosynthesis, focusing on recent synthetic biology approaches toward prototyping CYPs in heterologous hosts. We also propose several strategies for further accelerating CYP discovery and engineering.
CYP discovery and engineering are crucial for terpenoid biosynthesis, which has recently attracted great academic and industrial interest.
Major obstacles to traditional CYP discovery methods are the inaccessibility of genetic tools in native hosts and the low activity of CYPs.
Synthetic biology approaches based on multi-omics studies, heterologous CYP expression, and metabolic engineering of chassis cells have revolutionized CYP discovery platforms and significantly accelerated their discovery rate.
Harnessing the great potential of genome engineering and robotic automation will further increase the likelihood of discovering or engineering CYP with desired activity as well as enhance the production of terpenoids with commercial value.
In the framework of the type II two-Higgs-doublet model with a singlet scalar dark matter S, we study the dark matter observables, the electroweak phase transition, and the gravitational wave signals ...by such strongly first order phase transition after imposing the constraints of the LHC Higgs data. We take the heavy CP-even Higgs boson H as the only portal between the dark matter and standard model (SM) sectors, and find that the LHC Higgs data and dark matter observables require mS and mH to be larger than 130 GeV and 360 GeV for mA=600 GeV in the case of the 125 GeV Higgs boson with the SM-like coupling. Next, we carve out some parameter space where a strongly first order electroweak phase transition can be achieved, and find benchmark points for which the amplitudes of gravitational wave spectra reach the sensitivities of the future gravitational wave detectors.
Ferroelectric materials have been a focus of much research over the last few decades for their unique piezoelectric and optoelectronic properties. Conventional solar cells have been devised based on ...the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor p–n junctions, with their photogenerated voltage being influenced by the bandgap of the semiconductors, limiting their further development. Ferroelectric photovoltaics have attracted attention for their unusual photovoltaic effect and controllability. The photogenerated voltage that is independent of bandgap along the polarization direction can be generated in ferroelectric materials, undoubtedly making up for the lack of solar cells. Ferroelectric materials have been used in a wide range of piezoelectric, storage, sensor, and optoelectronic because of their unique optical and electrical properties. However, the small photogenerated current of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices is one of the challenges that need to be overcome. Researchers have shown that the photogenerated current of ferroelectric photovoltaic devices can be significantly improved by cation doping and heterostructure construction, reigniting the enthusiasm for the investigation of ferroelectric photovoltaics. This paper reviews a variety of ferroelectric photovoltaic materials, the mechanism of ferroelectric photovoltaics, approaches for improving ferroelectric photovoltaic performance, and the applications and future prospects for ferroelectric materials.
New photovoltaic materials and devices have been a research hotspot for recent years. Ferroelectric materials with multiple effects have great potential for applications in the fields of photoelectric detection, photoelectric storage, etc. This manuscript summarizes briefly the mechanism, performance improvement and applications of ferroelectric photovoltaic materials and devices.
The ongoing new coronavirus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) outbreak is spreading in China, but it has not yet reached its peak. Five million people emigrated from Wuhan before ...lockdown, potentially representing a source of virus infection. Determining case distribution and its correlation with population emigration from Wuhan in the early stage of the epidemic is of great importance for early warning and for the prevention of future outbreaks.
The official case report on the COVID-19 epidemic was collected as of January 30, 2020. Time and location information on COVID-19 cases was extracted and analyzed using ArcGIS and WinBUGS software. Data on population migration from Wuhan city and Hubei province were extracted from Baidu Qianxi, and their correlation with the number of cases was analyzed.
The COVID-19 confirmed and death cases in Hubei province accounted for 59.91% (5806/9692) and 95.77% (204/213) of the total cases in China, respectively. Hot spot provinces included Sichuan and Yunnan, which are adjacent to Hubei. The time risk of Hubei province on the following day was 1.960 times that on the previous day. The number of cases in some cities was relatively low, but the time risk appeared to be continuously rising. The correlation coefficient between the provincial number of cases and emigration from Wuhan was up to 0.943. The lockdown of 17 cities in Hubei province and the implementation of nationwide control measures efficiently prevented an exponential growth in the number of cases.
The population that emigrated from Wuhan was the main infection source in other cities and provinces. Some cities with a low number of cases showed a rapid increase in case load. Owing to the upcoming Spring Festival return wave, understanding the risk trends in different regions is crucial to ensure preparedness at both the individual and organization levels and to prevent new outbreaks.
According to the Hugenholtz–Van Hove theorem, nuclear symmetry energy Esym(ρ) and its slope L(ρ) at an arbitrary density ρ are determined by the nucleon isovector (symmetry) potential Usym(ρ,k) and ...its momentum dependence ∂Usym∂k. The latter determines uniquely the neutron–proton effective k-mass splitting mn−p⁎(ρ,δ)≡(mn⁎−mp⁎)/m in neutron-rich nucleonic matter of isospin asymmetry δ. Using currently available constraints on the Esym(ρ0) and L(ρ0) at normal density ρ0 of nuclear matter from 28 recent analyses of various terrestrial nuclear laboratory experiments and astrophysical observations, we try to infer the corresponding neutron–proton effective k-mass splitting mn−p⁎(ρ0,δ). While the mean values of the mn−p⁎(ρ0,δ) obtained from most of the studies are remarkably consistent with each other and scatter very closely around an empirical value of mn−p⁎(ρ0,δ)=0.27⋅δ, it is currently not possible to scientifically state surely that the mn−p⁎(ρ0,δ) is positive within the present knowledge of the uncertainties. Quantifying, better understanding and then further reducing the uncertainties using modern statistical and computational techniques in extracting the Esym(ρ0) and L(ρ0) from analyzing the experimental data are much needed.
Retinoids (i.e., vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid, and related signaling molecules) induce the differentiation of various types of stem cells. Nuclear retinoic acid receptors mediate most but not ...all of the effects of retinoids. Retinoid signaling is often compromised early in carcinogenesis, which suggests that a reduction in retinoid signaling may be required for tumor development. Retinoids interact with other signaling pathways, including estrogen signaling in breast cancer. Retinoids are used to treat cancer, in part because of their ability to induce differentiation and arrest proliferation. Delivery of retinoids to patients is challenging because of the rapid metabolism of some retinoids and because epigenetic changes can render cells retinoid resistant. Successful cancer therapy with retinoids is likely to require combination therapy with drugs that regulate the epigenome, such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors, as well as classical chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, retinoid research benefits both cancer prevention and cancer treatment.
In this paper, the variational self-encoder is dissected, and the depth-embedded variational self-clustering model based on it is constructed, and the loss function and optimization function are ...designed. By enhancing the information of textual semantic representation, the semantic enhancement module is constructed based on the deep variational inference algorithm, the network structure of the semantic enhancement module is designed, and the SEVAE model of textual clustering based on the semantic embedding of DataSmart is constructed by combining textual clustering layer and dataSmart connotation. On this basis, the comparative experiments of the SEVAE model are constructed to analyze the convergence and clustering performance of the constructed model, explore the connotative features of Data Sensemaking, and analyze the effect of Data Sensemaking through empirical evidence. The results show that the clustering assignment process converges at the 20th iteration round, which significantly improves the feature representation, divides the 8483 texts into 3 groups, and the Data Thinking has the characteristics of Data Thinking, Data Information, and Data Quantification, with a positive, positive effect of P<0.1 for all the control indicators. Data Thinking has the power to promote patriotic sentiment, patriotism, and social cognition.
Targeting the Thioredoxin System for Cancer Therapy Zhang, Junmin; Li, Xinming; Han, Xiao ...
Trends in pharmacological sciences (Regular ed.),
September 2017, 2017-09-00, 20170901, Letnik:
38, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are essential components of the Trx system which plays pivotal roles in regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. In recent years ...TrxR/Trx have been increasingly recognized as an important modulator of tumor development, and hence targeting TrxR/Trx is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In this review we first discuss the structural details of TrxR, the functions of the Trx system, and the rational of targeting TrxR/Trx for cancer treatment. We also highlight small-molecule TrxR/Trx inhibitors that have potential anticancer activity and review their mechanisms of action. Finally, we examine the challenges of developing TrxR/Trx inhibitors as anticancer agents and perspectives for selectively targeting TrxR/Trx.
The Trx system is increasingly recognized as an essential player in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating diverse cellular signaling pathways.
Malfunction of TrxR/Trx enzymes has been linked to multiple pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders, making the enzymes promising therapeutic targets.
Although a significant number of TrxR/Trx inhibitors have been disclosed as potential anticancer agents, and some are currently in clinical trials, finding highly selective inhibitors of the enzymes is urgently needed but challenging.
Based on the inhibition mechanisms and the structure profiles of mammalian TrxRs, novel strategies that might lead to specific targeting of TrxR/Trx are proposed.
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