To analyze the disease burden and change trend of lung cancer attributable to chromium in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019, and to provide reference for the formulation of health policies and ...strategies of disease prevention and control.
In October 2022, using the data and findings of the burden of disease, injury and risk factor published in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019), the burden of lung cancer and its changes caused by occupational hexavalent chromium exposure in Chinese population from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed according to year and gender. The average age structure of the world population was used as the standard population to calculate standardized indicators, and then compared with the global population.
The incidence number, death number, disability adjusted life years (DALY) of lung cancer attributable to chromium in Chinese population of 2019 were 833 cases, 790 cases and 22118 person years, respectively. Compared with 1990 (257 cases, 277 cases, 8631 person years), the i
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic outcomes of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and surgical treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis.
Design
A retrospective ...study.
Setting
Gynaecological department of a teaching hospital in China.
Population
Patients with abdominal wall endometriosis.
Methods
Among the 51 patients, 23 patients were treated with ultrasound‐guided HIFU and 28 patients with surgery. Pain relief and the size change of the nodule after each management were evaluated 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively. The hospital stay and blood loss were also compared.
Main outcome measures
Difference between HIFU and surgical treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis.
Results
No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in the pain relief in 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, respectively. The hospital stay was clearly shorter in the HIFU group than in the surgery group. Change in nodules was more remarkable in the group treated with surgery; no palpable nodules existed in most patients in the surgery group. HIFU had more advantages over surgery, such as no blood loss, no new scar, no anaesthesia and lower pain score immediately after treatment.
Conclusions
Based on our results, it appears that either HIFU or surgery is safe and effective in treating patients with AWE in short‐term. Compared with surgery, HIFU treatment for AWE has the advantages of shorter hospital stay, no blood loss, no new scar, no anaesthesia and a lower immediate pain score.
Tweetable
Either HIFU or surgical treatment is safe and effective in treating patients with AWE. HIFU has the advantages of a less invasive procedure and shorter hospital stay.
Tweetable
Either HIFU or surgical treatment is safe and effective in treating patients with AWE. HIFU has the advantages of a less invasive procedure and shorter hospital stay.
Tobacco as a Social Currency Rich, Zachary C.; Xiao, Shuiyuan
Nicotine & tobacco research,
03/2012, Letnik:
14, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Introduction:
China produces and consumes more tobacco than any other country in the world and as such is at the forefront of the world tobacco epidemic. Many studies have recently emerged that ...directly or indirectly reference the acts of giving and sharing cigarettes as a major contributor to China's high tobacco usage. The goal of this report is to review relevant literature relating to sharing and gifting cigarettes as well as provide useful historic and cultural contexts. Important differences between the act of giving individual cigarettes and the gifting of packaged cigarettes are explored as well as explanations for how both these practices have influenced current tobacco control efforts.
Methods:
Available Chinese and English sources on gifting and sharing cigarettes in China published between 1991 and 2011 were reviewed and discussed with a cultural and historical background.
Results:
The practices of gifting and sharing cigarettes strongly contribute to smoking initiation as well as failure to quit smoking among Chinese males. Historical and cultural roots have reinforced these practices and hampered efforts to reduce tobacco use in China.
Conclusions:
Traditional tobacco control efforts should be combined with culture-specific approaches to reduce tobacco usage in China. The regular exchange of cigarettes normalizes smoking across society and promotes tobacco's acceptability. Great efforts should be taken not only to minimize these practices among males but also to discourage their adoption by females.
Plants have a variety of regulatory mechanisms to perceive, transduce, and respond to biotic and abiotic stress. One such mechanism is the calcium-sensing CBL–CIPK system responsible for the sensing ...of specific stressors, such as drought or pathogens. CBLs perceive and bind Calcium (Ca
2+
) in response to stress and then interact with CIPKs to form an activated complex. This leads to the phosphorylation of downstream targets, including transporters and ion channels, and modulates transcription factor levels and the consequent levels of stress-associated genes. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the response of the CBL–CIPK pathway to biotic and abiotic stresses, including regulating ion transport channels, coordinating plant hormone signal transduction, and pathways related to ROS signaling. Investigation of the function of the CBL–CIPK pathway is important for understanding plant stress tolerance and provides a promising avenue for molecular breeding.
Key message
The present review focuses primarily on the vital role played by CBL–CIPK signaling in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as its function in plant development and growth. The complexity of the CBL–CIPK signaling axis underlines its significance in plant adaptation and survival, emphasizing the need for further exploration of this intricate signaling network system. Continued exploration of the CBL–CIPK model is likely to unveil fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie plant growth and stress responses. Additionally, it could lead to the formulation of novel strategies for crop improvement and environmental sustainability. Given the progress in transgenic technology and molecular breeding approaches, a comprehensive examination of all CBL and CIPK genes is expected to demonstrate that the CBL–CIPK axis is exceedingly advantageous for plant resistance breeding. The CBL–CIPK axis provides a framework for understanding calcium-mediated signaling in plants especially under challenging environmental conditions.
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic and idiopathic gastrointestinal inflammation mediated by disregulated immune responses. Artemisinin (a chemical from a traditional Chinese herbal medicine ...Artemisia annua L.) and its derivatives have been proven to exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis with low side-effects. This study is aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic value of artesunate for inflammatory bowel disease.
Murine colitis was induced by either oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) or intrarectal delivery of 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or oxazolone. Mice were treated with artesunate (150mg/kg/day). Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of artesunate. Changes in cytokines or proteins of interests were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or SDS-PAGE/Western blot.
Artesunate significantly ameliorated DSS colitis and TNBS colitis (but not oxazolone colitis), including reduced weight loss and disease activity, as well as macroscopic and microscopic colonic injury. The expression of NF-κBp65 and p-IκB-α were reduced in artesunate treated TNBS colitis compared with untreated. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α were significantly decreased in artesunate treated TNBS colitis or DSS colitis. Furthermore, in vitro artesunate treatment significantly inhibited TNF-α production by LPS-activated macrophages.
Artesunate suppresses TNF-α expression in vitro and in vivo as well as T-helper (Th)1/Th17 responses in TNBS colitis model. Our data suggest a novel clinical application of artesunate as a potential therapy for Crohn's disease.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been widely reported to influence ovarian follicular development, and miRNAs play a significant role in mammalian follicular development by regulating their ...target genes. Therefore, it is of interest to explore the roles of miRNAs in sheep follicular development during FSH stimulation. In the current study, we constructed miRNA expression profiles of small follicles (SFs, prerecruitment stage), medium follicles (MFs, dominance stage), and large follicles (LFs, maturation stage). Three and 50 significant differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in the MF vs. SF and LF vs. SF comparisons, respectively, and none were identified in the LF vs. MF comparison. Oar-miR-10a was significantly downregulated in MFs compared with SFs. In LFs compared with SFs, miR-212-3p, miR-212-5p and miR-202-5p were significantly upregulated, and miR-27a-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-182-5p were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, we predicted the target genes of significant DEMs and performed functional enrichment analyses of these target genes. Analyses of KEGG pathways and GO terms showed that the putative target genes were significantly enriched in ovarian steroidogenesis, glutathione metabolism, positive regulation of cell differentiation, positive regulation of cell development, and cellular response to oxygen-containing compounds. Analyses of miRNA–gene regulatory networks suggested that miR-181a-5p–CYP11A1, (miR-27a-3p and miR-129-5p)–LDLR, (miR-212-3p and miR-212-5p)–EFNA5, (miR-181a-5p, miR-182-5p, and miR-27a-3p)–INHBA, and miR-182-5p–SOD2 might be involved in follicular development. The present study provides basic data and suggests research directions for further exploration of the roles of miRNAs in sheep follicular development under FSH stimulation.
•miRNA expression profiles of ewe follicles after superstimulation was constructed.•Fifty differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the LFs vs SFs comparison.•Ovarian steroidogenesis and positive regulation of cell development were predicted.•miR-181a-5p-CYP11A1 and miR-27a-3p-LDLR might influence follicular development.•Numerous miRNAs might influence follicular development via regulating target genes.
To evaluate different features between benign and malignant pulmonary focal ground-glass opacity (fGGO) on multidetector CT (MDCT).
82 pathologically or clinically confirmed fGGOs were ...retrospectively analysed with regard to demographic data, lesion size and location, attenuation value and MDCT features including shape, margin, interface, internal characteristics and adjacent structure. Differences between benign and malignant fGGOs were analysed using a χ(2) test, Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Morphological characteristics were analysed by binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the likelihood of malignancy.
There were 21 benign and 61 malignant lesions. No statistical differences were found between benign and malignant fGGOs in terms of demographic data, size, location and attenuation value. The frequency of lobulation (p=0.000), spiculation (p=0.008), spine-like process (p=0.004), well-defined but coarse interface (p=0.000), bronchus cut-off (p=0.003), other air-containing space (p=0.000), pleural indentation (p=0.000) and vascular convergence (p=0.006) was significantly higher in malignant fGGOs than that in benign fGGOs. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that lobulation, interface and pleural indentation were important indicators for malignant diagnosis of fGGO, with the corresponding odds ratios of 8.122, 3.139 and 9.076, respectively. In addition, a well-defined but coarse interface was the most important indicator of malignancy among all interface types. With all three important indicators considered, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.4%, 66.7% and 86.6%, respectively.
An fGGO with lobulation, a well-defined but coarse interface and pleural indentation gives a greater than average likelihood of being malignant.
Summary
Background
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown promise for wound healing, although little is understood of the underpinning mechanisms. Little has been reported so far of its potential ...use in the treatment of immune‐mediated diseases such as psoriasis.
Objectives
To study CAP‐induced cell death and cytokine release in human keratinocytes as a first assessment of possible CAP use for psoriasis.
Methods
Using a CAP generator free of energetic ions, we observed its effects on keratinocytes in terms of morphology, cell viability and apoptosis, intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), lysosomal integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential; and on secretion and expression of eight cytokines at protein and gene levels.
Results
CAP‐induced reduced cell viability, apoptotic death and production of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in dose‐dependent manner. Mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal leakage were found in CAP‐treated cells. It also induced release of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and enhanced the mRNA expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α, interferon‐γ and VEGF. By contrast, IL‐12 declined monotonically.
Conclusions
The results suggest that with appropriate control of its dose, physical plasma could induce cell death via apoptotic pathways and enable simultaneous reduction in IL‐12. These effects may be used to suppress keratinocyte hyperproliferation and to target T‐cell activation to control amplification of inflammation. This provides an initial basis for further studies of CAP as a potential therapeutic option for inflammatory and immune‐related diseases in dermatology, including psoriasis.
What's already known about this topic?
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is effective for wound healing.
CAP can induce apoptotic death in some skin cells.
What does this study add?
CAP induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal leakage in HaCaT cells.
CAP‐induced release of cytokines is dose dependent and cytokine specific, thus enabling preferential targeting. Its reduction of interleukin‐12 may be used to target suppression of T cells.
Our study provides an in vitro basis for CAP as a possible therapeutic option for psoriasis.
Linked Comment: Lunov. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:486–487.
Plain language summary available online
To analyze the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during double antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous ...coronary intervention (PCI).
A total of 388 patients treated from January 2015 to September 2017 due to STEMI were selected. Thirty-two cases of UGIB occurring during DAPT after PCI were included as a UGIB group, and another 356 cases without UGIB were set as a control group. Age, gender, body mass index, smoking, drinking, history of previous diseases (hypertension, diabetes and digestive tract diseases), infection of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), combined use of other drugs (statins, NSAIDs, β receptor blockers, PPI, H2RA and dabigatran etexilate), as well as serum levels of creatinine (Cr), alanine transaminase (ALT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared. The risk factors for UGIB were subjected to univariate and logistic regression analyses.
Compared with the control group, the UGIB group had significantly longer hospital stay, and higher proportion of discontinuation of antithrombotic drugs and mortality rate (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (P=0.002), smoking (P=0.000), Hp infection (P=0.020), history of digestive tract diseases (P=0.030) and renal insufficiency (P=0.041) were independent risk factors for UGIB, and use of PPI (P=0.028) was a protective factor for UGIB.
Old age, smoking, Hp infection, history of digestive tract diseases and renal insufficiency are risk factors for UGIB caused by PCI combined with DAPT in patients with STEMI. Proper use of PPI thereafter can reduce the incidence rate of UGIB.
A set of 142 winter wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) deriving from the cross Heshangmai x Yu8679 were tried in four ecological environments during the seasons 2006 and 2007. Nine agronomic ...traits comprising mean grain filling rate (GFRmean), maximum grain filling rate (GFRmax), grain filling duration (GFD), grain number per ear (GNE), grain weight per ear (GWE), flowering time (FT), maturation time (MT), plant height (PHT) and thousand grain weight (TGW) were evaluated in Beijing (2006 and 2007), Chengdu (2007) and Hefei (2007). A genetic map comprising 173 SSR markers and two EST markers was generated. Based on the genetic map and phenotypic data, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for these agronomic traits. A total of 99 putative QTLs were identified for the nine traits over four environments except GFD, PHT and MT, measured in two environments (BJ07 and CD07), respectively. Of the QTL detected, 17 for GFRmean, 16 for GFRmax, 21 for TGW and 10 for GWE involving the chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6D and 7D were identified. Moreover, 13 genomic regions showing pleiotropic effects were detected in chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4B, 4D, 5B, 6D and 7D; these QTL revealing pleiotropic effects may be informative for a better understanding of the genetic basis of grain filling rate and other yield-related traits, and represent potential targets for multi-trait marker aided selection in wheat.
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