China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer. There are differences in epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, ...treatment patterns, and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. Non‐Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile, discuss, and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence‐based medicine in China and abroad. By referring to the opinions of industry experts, taking into account of regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted experts’ consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes. This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and follow‐up visits for gastric cancer.
Studies on the water waves are undertaken in hydrodynamics. In this Letter, a (2+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Boiti–Leon–Pempinelli system describing the water waves in an ...infinitely narrow channel of constant depth is taken into consideration. Through symbolic computation, concerning the horizontal velocity and elevation of the water wave, this Letter presents two branches of the similarity reductions.
Efficient removal of particulate matter (PM) is the major goal for various air cleaning technologies due to its huge impact on human health. Here, a washable high‐efficiency triboelectric air filter ...(TAF) that can be used multiple times is presented. The TAF consists of five layers of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon fabrics. Compared with traditional electrostatic precipitator, which requires a high‐voltage power supply, the TAF can be charged by simply rubbing the PTFE and nylon fabrics against each other. The electrical properties of the TAF are evaluated through the periodic contacting–separating of the PTFE and nylon fabrics using a linear motor, and an open‐circuit voltage of 190 V is achieved. After charging, the TAF has a removal efficiency of 84.7% for PM0.5, 96.0% for PM2.5, which are 3.22 and 1.39 times as large as the uncharged one. Most importantly, after washing several times, the removal efficiency of the TAF maintains almost the same, while the commercial face mask drops to 70% of its original efficiency. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of the PM2.5 is very stable under high relative humidity. Therefore, the TAF is promising for fabricating a reusable and high‐efficiency face mask.
A multilayer triboelectric air filter consists of five layers of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon fabrics. A high removal efficiency is achieved by rubbing the fabrics against each other, and the removal efficiency maintains high under high humidity, in a durability test or after several washing cycles. Moreover, a face mask made of this air filter can be used in daily life.
Lipase Inhibitors for Obesity: A Review Liu, Tian-Tian; Liu, Xiao-Tian; Chen, Qing-Xi ...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy,
August 2020, 2020-Aug, 2020-08-00, 2020-08-01, Letnik:
128
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•The role of pancreatic lipase inhibitor in lipid metabolism is elaborated.•The existing microbial sources of high activity and high yield lipase was summarized, to provide reference for ...researchers.•Lipase inhibitors from natural products was summarize for readers’ reference.•The manuscript has summarized the research status of pancreatic lipase inhibitor on anti-obesity and provided new ideas to solve the bottleneck problem.
With the rapid increase in the population of obese individuals, obesity has become a global problem. Many kinds of chronic metabolic diseases easily caused by obesity have received increasing attention from researchers. People are also striving to find various safe and effective treatment methods as well as anti-obesity medicines. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors have received substantial attention from researchers in recent years, and PL inhibitors from natural products have attracted much attention due to their structural diversity, low toxicity and wide range of sources. They have been used in the intestinal tract, blood, and the central nervous system with no side effects, and these advantages could lead to a new generation of diet pills or health care products with great development potential. This article is mainly aimed at discussing the research of obesity drug treatment with PL inhibitors and offers a brief review of related properties and the use of PL inhibitors in the field of weight loss.
Cold atoms with laser-induced spin-orbit (SO) interactions provide a platform to explore quantum physics beyond natural conditions of solids. Here we propose and experimentally realize ...two-dimensional (2D) SO coupling and topological bands for a rubidium-87 degenerate gas through an optical Raman lattice, without phase-locking or fine-tuning of optical potentials. A controllable crossover between 2D and 1D SO couplings is studied, and the SO effects and nontrivial band topology are observed by measuring the atomic cloud distribution and spin texture in momentum space. Our realization of 2D SO coupling with advantages of small heating and topological stability opens a broad avenue in cold atoms to study exotic quantum phases, including topological superfluids.
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that exosomes participate in ...intercellular communication and act as important molecular vehicles in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development. Exosomes are released by various cell types under both normal and pathological conditions, and they can be found in multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, exosomes carrying a wide variety of important macromolecules provide a window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence in biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, exosomes have potential clinical applications in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances in various technologies for exosome isolation for cancer research. We outline the functions of exosomes in regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation in the context of cancer development. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges for the clinical development of exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics.
Being conductive and flexible, 2D transition metal nitrides and carbides (MXenes) can serve in Li–S batteries as sulfur hosts to increase the conductivity and alleviate the volume expansion. However, ...the surface functional groups, such as OH and F, weaken the ability of bare MXenes in the chemisorption of polysulfides. Besides, they create numerous hydrogen bonds which make MXenes liable to restack, resulting in substantial loss of active area and, thus, inaccessibility of ions and electrolyte. Herein, a facile, one‐step strategy is developed for the growth of TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) on ultrathin MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐assisted solvothermal synthesis. These QDs act as spacers to isolate the MXene nanosheets from restacking, and preserve their 2D geometry which guarantees larger electrode–electrolyte contact area and higher sulfur loading. The stronger adsorption energy of polysulfides with TiO2 (than with Ti3C2Tx), as proven by density functional theory calculations, is essential for better on‐site polysulfide retention. The ultrathin nature and protected conductivity ensure rapid ion and electron diffusion, and the excellent flexibility maintains high mechanical integrity. In result, the TiO2 QDs@MXene/S cathode exhibits significantly improved long‐term cyclability and rate capability, disclosing a new opportunity toward fast and stable Li–S batteries.
TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) are grown on ultrathin MXene nanosheets by a facile, one‐step strategy through cetyltrimethylammonium bromide‐assisted solvothermal synthesis, resulting in TiO2 QDs@MXene nanohybrids that serve as a high‐performance sulfur host toward fast and stable Li–S batteries.
Published data on the prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to more accurately assess ...its prognostic value. The analysis was performed based on the data from 14 studies with 3,656 patients to estimate the correlation between NLR and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the effect. We also conducted subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. The results demonstrated that elevated pretreatment NLR predicted poorer OS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.39-2.09) and PFS (HR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.27-2.09) in patients with NSCLC. Subgroup analysis indicated that cut-off value of 5 showed consistently prognostic value. There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias for OS and PFS for included studies. This meta-analysis revealed that elevated pretreatment NLR might be a predicative factor of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients.
In this paper, a (3+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schif equation in a fluid is investigated. By the virtue of the truncated Painlevé expansion, a set of the auto-Bäcklund ...transformations of that equation is worked out. Based on the auto-Bäcklund transformations with certain non-trivial seed solutions, one-, two-, three- and
N
-soliton solutions on the nonzero background of that equation are derived with
N
as a positive integer. According to those two-soliton solutions,
X
- and inelastic-type soliton solutions are obtained. Via the asymptotic analysis, influence of the coefficients for the above equation is discussed and the interactions between the solitons are also studied. Then, those solitons and interactions are shown graphically.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis. Whereas several feedback loops have been shown to regulate ...EMT, it remains elusive how they coordinately modulate EMT response to TGF-β treatment. We construct a mathematical model for the core regulatory network controlling TGF-β-induced EMT. Through deterministic analyses and stochastic simulations, we show that EMT is a sequential two-step program in which an epithelial cell first is converted to partial EMT then to the mesenchymal state, depending on the strength and duration of TGF-β stimulation. Mechanistically the system is governed by coupled reversible and irreversible bistable switches. The SNAIL1/miR-34 double-negative feedback loop is responsible for the reversible switch and regulates the initiation of EMT, whereas the ZEB/miR-200 feedback loop is accountable for the irreversible switch and controls the establishment of the mesenchymal state. Furthermore, an autocrine TGF-β/miR-200 feedback loop makes the second switch irreversible, modulating the maintenance of EMT. Such coupled bistable switches are robust to parameter variation and molecular noise. We provide a mechanistic explanation on multiple experimental observations. The model makes several explicit predictions on hysteretic dynamic behaviors, system response to pulsed stimulation, and various perturbations, which can be straightforwardly tested.
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