The last two decades have witnessed a dramatic growth of wearable sensor technology, mainly represented by flexible, stretchable, on‐skin electronic sensors that provide rich information of the ...wearer's health conditions and surroundings. A recent breakthrough in the field is the development of wearable chemical sensors based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that can detect molecular fingerprints universally, sensitively, and noninvasively. However, while their sensing properties are excellent, these sensors are not scalable for widespread use beyond small‐scale human health monitoring due to their cumbersome fabrication process and limited multifunctional sensing capabilities. Here, a highly scalable, wearable SERS sensor is demonstrated based on an easy‐to‐fabricate, low‐cost, ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, and biointegratable gold nanomesh. It can be fabricated in any shape and worn on virtually any surface for label‐free, large‐scale, in situ sensing of diverse analytes from low to high concentrations (10–106 × 10−9 m). To show the practical utility of the wearable SERS sensor, the sensor is tested for the detection of sweat biomarkers, drugs of abuse, and microplastics. This wearable SERS sensor represents a significant step toward the generalizability and practicality of wearable sensing technology.
Highly scalable, wearable surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on an easy‐to‐fabricate, low‐cost, ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, and biointegratable gold nanomesh is demonstrated in this study. It can be fabricated in any shape and worn on virtually any surface for label‐free, large‐scale, in situ sensing of diverse analytes from low to high concentrations.
Technological advances in image-based platelet analysis or platelet morphometry are critical for a better understanding of the structure and function of platelets in biological research as well as ...for the development of better clinical strategies in medical practice. Recently, the advent of high-throughput optical imaging and deep learning has boosted platelet morphometry to the next level by providing a new set of capabilities beyond what is achievable with traditional platelet morphometry, shedding light on the unexplored domain of platelet analysis. This Opinion article introduces emerging opportunities in ‘intelligent’ platelet morphometry, which are expected to pave the way for a new class of diagnostics, pharmacometrics, and therapeutics.
Technological advances in platelet analysis are critical for a better understanding of platelets, which are highly complex, dynamic, and multifunctional in nature.The advent of high-throughput imaging and deep learning has boosted traditional image-based platelet analysis or platelet morphometry to the next level, shedding light on the unexplored domain of platelet biology.Key methods for this ‘intelligent’ platelet morphometry include, but are not limited to, intelligent platelet aggregate classification and intelligent image-activated cell sorting.Intelligent platelet morphometry is expected to pave the way for a new class of diagnostics, pharmacometrics, and therapeutics.
High-performance single-photon sources (SPSs) are essential components for quantum information technology and have been realized by strong coupling between a single quantum emitter and an optical ...cavity. However, the configurations of conventional SPSs are not ideal for long-distance quantum communication as they are intrinsically incompatible with optical fibers. Here we propose and design a strong-coupling system based on a single quantum emitter directly coupled with an in-fiber microcavity. The in-fiber microcavity not only achieves a high coupling efficiency of 83% and a high Purcell factor of 360, but also pushes the coupling system to enter the strong-coupling region with a vacuum Rabi splitting up to 4.35 meV. This enables a high quantum efficiency of 99% for a SPS. Our work presents a promising platform for realizing high-performance SPSs for long-distance quantum communication.
Graphene surface plasmons (GSPs) have shown great potential in biochemical sensing, thermal imaging, and optoelectronics. To excite GSPs, several methods based on the near-field optical microscope ...and graphene nanostructures have been developed in the past few years. However, these methods suffer from their bulky setups and low GSP-excitation efficiency due to the short interaction length between free-space vertical excitation light and the atomic layer of graphene. Here we present a CMOS-compatible design of graphene-on-silicon hybrid plasmonic-photonic integrated circuits that achieve the in-plane excitation of GSP polaritons as well as localized surface plasmon (SP) resonance. By employing a suspended membrane slot waveguide, our design is able to excite GSP polaritons on a chip. Moreover, by utilizing a graphene nanoribbon array, we engineer the transmission spectrum of the waveguide by excitation of localized SP resonance. Our theoretical and computational study paves a new avenue to enable, modulate, and monitor GSPs on a chip, potentially applicable for the development of on-chip electro-optic devices.
Objects
Dementia has physical, social and economic impacts, causing considerable distress for people with age‐related cognitive impairment (PWACI) and their caregivers. Electronic health (e‐health) ...interventions can provide convenient education to improve the coping competence of caregivers and have become an important approach to supporting them. Understanding the economic evidence of e‐health interventions will facilitate the decision making and implementation of integrating e‐health into routine health services. The present review aimed to appraise economic evidence related to e‐health interventions for PWACI and their caregivers.
Methods
We systematically searched multiple cross‐disciplinary databases from inception to February 28, 2023. Two reviewers independently selected the trials, assessed the quality, and checked the data. A descriptive‐analytical narrative method was used to analyze the review findings.
Results
Thirteen studies were analyzed, including 12 randomized controlled trials and one quasi‐experimental study. All included studies were conducted in developed countries. The included studies reported limited economic information. There were six cost‐effectiveness analysis, five cost‐consequence analysis and one partial economic evaluation. The included studies were heterogeneous, and varied in quality. The results demonstrated that e‐health multicomponent interventions can reduce the cost of health service utilization in short term (10–104 weeks).
Conclusions
Few studies calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of e‐health interventions. Preliminary evidence indicates that e‐health interventions can reduce the cost of health service utilization in the short term, but the cost‐effectiveness of e‐health interventions hasn't been identified. More robust evidence is needed to clarify the value of e‐health interventions for PWACI and their caregivers.
Key points
This review identifies the characteristics of e‐health interventions for PWACI and their caregivers in economic evaluations through cost‐effectiveness analysis and cost‐consequence analysis.
Preliminary evidence suggests that e‐health interventions can reduce the cost of health service utilization in the short term (10–104 weeks), but the cost‐effectiveness should be identified further.
The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the economic effects of e‐health based on existing evidence and provide more robust evidence‐based practices.
More long‐term and high‐quality economic evaluation trials are warranted to determine the value of e‐health interventions for PWACI and their caregivers.
Thirty-eight new 4-amino-3,5-dicholo-6-(1
-indazolyl)-2-picolinic acids and 4-amino-3,5-dicholo-6-(2
-indazolyl)-2-picolinic acids were designed by scaffold hopping and synthesized to discover ...potential herbicidal molecules. All the new compounds were tested to determine their inhibitory activities against
and the root growth of five weeds. In general, the synthesized compounds exhibited excellent inhibition properties and showed good inhibitory effects on weed root growth. In particular, compound
showed significantly greater root inhibitory activity than picloram in
and
Medicus at the concentration of 10 µM. The majority of compounds exhibited a 100% post-emergence herbicidal effect at 250 g/ha against
and
. We also found that 6-indazolyl-2-picolinic acids could induce the up-regulation of auxin genes ACS7 and NCED3, while auxin influx, efflux and auxin response factor were down-regulated, indicating that 6-indazolyl-2-picolinic acids promoted ethylene release and ABA production to cause plant death in a short period, which is different in mode from other picolinic acids.
Rapid and accurate detection of nucleic acids plays a critical role in public health, food safety and environmental management. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats powered ...electrochemical sensor (E-CRISPR) is attractive as a point-of-care (POC) testing platform to fulfil this purpose. Yet, bulk noble metals (e.g., gold and platinum) based electrodes that have been widely adopted in E-CRISPR suffer from limited analytical performance and high manufacturing costs. Here, to address this limitation, we present a carbon-based E-CRISPR modified with gold nanoparticles and MXene Ti3C2 (a class of two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanomaterials) that provides highly stable and sensitive transduction of CRISPR-Cas12a trans-cleavage activity. Through systematic evaluation and optimization, our AuNPs/MXene Ti3C2 based E-CRISPR achieve the quantification of human papillomavirus 18 (HPV-18) DNA with a wide range of concentrations from 10 pM to 500 nM with a detection limit of 1.95 pM. We further evaluate the selectivity, degradation resistance and detection capability of the developed sensor during long-term storage. Notably, AuNPs/MXene based E-CRISPR retain more than 70% of initial current after 2 months and deliver reliable analytical results that are unaffected over 42-day storage. Owing to its excellent biofouling-resistant and analytical performance and robust shelf life, our E-CRISPR sensor offers a universal, scalable and low-cost strategy for POC nucleic acid testing.
•Integrating MXene Ti3C2 and AuNPs with CRISPR-Cas12a enables sensitive, selective and rubost detection of HPV-related DNA.•Nanocomposites of MXene Ti3C2 and AuNPs significantly enhance the electrochemical signal output for target DNA detection.•Without amplification, picomolar limit of detection and 5 orders of magnitude detection range for HPV18 DNA is achieved.•MXene Ti3C2/AuNPs based E-CRISPR retains 70% of initial signals and delivers reproducible results after 2-month storage.
Positioning a single quantum emitter in the vicinity of a plasmonic antenna is a fundamental step in constructing a coupling system for quantum information applications. In the strong-coupling ...regime, optical forces beyond perturbative Rayleigh gradient forces are dominant in positioning and trapping the quantum emitter but are rarely explored by including the electronic contribution of the quantum emitter. Here we study the optical forces induced by the strong exciton-plasmon coupling between a single quantum dot and a plasmonic nanoantenna. Interestingly, both attractive and repulsive optical forces can be generated, which are fully controllable and tunable by engineering both excitons and plasmons.
Summary
The WHO recommends complete withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) type 2 by April 2016 globally and replacing with at least one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). However, ...high‐cost, limited supply of IPV, persistent circulating vaccine‐derived polioviruses transmission and need for subsequent boosters remain unresolved. To meet this critical need, a novel strategy of a low‐cost cold chain‐free plant‐made viral protein 1 (VP1) subunit oral booster vaccine after single IPV dose is reported. Codon optimization of the VP1 gene enhanced expression by 50‐fold in chloroplasts. Oral boosting of VP1 expressed in plant cells with plant‐derived adjuvants after single priming with IPV significantly increased VP1‐IgG1 and VP1‐IgA titres when compared to lower IgG1 or negligible IgA titres with IPV injections. IgA plays a pivotal role in polio eradication because of its transmission through contaminated water or sewer systems. Neutralizing antibody titres (~3.17–10.17 log2 titre) and seropositivity (70–90%) against all three poliovirus Sabin serotypes were observed with two doses of IPV and plant‐cell oral boosters but single dose of IPV resulted in poor neutralization. Lyophilized plant cells expressing VP1 stored at ambient temperature maintained efficacy and preserved antigen folding/assembly indefinitely, thereby eliminating cold chain currently required for all vaccines. Replacement of OPV with this booster vaccine and the next steps in clinical translation of FDA‐approved antigens and adjuvants are discussed.
There is a global concern about the safety of COVID‐19 vaccines associated with platelet function. However, their long‐term effects on overall platelet activity remain poorly understood. Here we ...address this problem by image‐based single‐cell profiling and temporal monitoring of circulating platelet aggregates in the blood of healthy human subjects, before and after they received multiple Pfizer‐BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine doses over a time span of nearly 1 year. Results show no significant or persisting platelet aggregation trends following the vaccine doses, indicating that any effects of vaccinations on platelet turnover, platelet activation, platelet aggregation, and platelet‐leukocyte interaction was insignificant.
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