Compound C
5
mimMim
2
SbCl
6
(
1
; C
5
mim
+
= 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium; Mim
+
=
N
-methylimidazolium) with dual cations exhibits the first case of deep-red emission in SbCl
6
3−
-based 0D ...OIMHs. Anion distortion due to high disequilibrium of supramolecular interactions is revealed to be responsible for the extremely large Stokes shift of 335 nm and FWHM of 210 nm in the emission.
Presented is the first example of a Sb(
iii
)Cl
6
-based zero-dimensional metal halide with dual-organic-cations that shows deep-red emission with extremely large Stokes shift owing to high anion distortion.
Abstract
Background
Clinically, a large part of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is complicated by oral lesions. Although previous studies proved oral microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients, ...the bacterial community in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of those IBD patients combined with oral ulcers has not been profiled yet.
Methods
In this study, we enrolled four groups of subjects, including healthy controls (CON), oral ulcer patients (OU), and ulcerative colitis patients with (UC_OU) and without (UC) oral ulcers. Bio-samples from three GI niches containing salivary, buccal, and fecal samples, were collected for 16S rRNA V3-V4 region sequencing. Bacterial abundance and related bio-functions were compared, and data showed that the fecal microbiota was more potent than salivary and buccal microbes in shaping the host immune system. ~ 22 UC and 10 UC_OU 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) routine treated patients were followed-up for six months; according to their treatment response (a decrease in the endoscopic Mayo score), they were further sub-grouped as responding and non-responding patients.
Results
We found those UC patients complicated with oral ulcers presented weaker treatment response, and three oral bacterial genera, i.e.,
Fusobacterium
,
Oribacterium
, and
Campylobacter
, might be connected with treatment responding. Additionally, the salivary microbiome could be an indicator of treatment responding in 5-ASA routine treatment rather than buccal or fecal ones.
Conclusions
The fecal microbiota had a strong effect on the host’s immune indices, while the oral bacterial microbiota could help stratification for ulcerative colitis patients with oral ulcers. Additionally, the oral microbiota had the potential role in reflecting the treatment response of UC patients. Three oral bacteria genera (
Fusobacterium
,
Oribacterium
, and
Campylobacter
) might be involved in UC patients with oral ulcers lacking treatment responses, and monitoring oral microbiota may be meaningful in assessing the therapeutic response in UC patients.
The ability to perform sensitive, real-time,
in situ
, multiplex chemical analysis is indispensable for diverse applications such as human health monitoring, food safety testing, forensic analysis, ...environmental sensing, and homeland security. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an effective tool to offer the ability by virtue of its high sensitivity and rapid label-free signal detection as well as the availability of portable Raman spectrometers. Unfortunately, the practical utility of SERS is limited because it generally requires sample collection and preparation, namely, collecting a sample from an object of interest and placing the sample on top of a SERS substrate to perform a SERS measurement. In fact, not all analytes can satisfy this requirement because the sample collection and preparation process may be undesirable, laborious, difficult, dangerous, costly, or time-consuming. Here we introduce "Place & Play SERS" based on an ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, biointegratable gold-deposited polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanomesh substrate that enables placing the substrate on top of an object of interest and performing a SERS measurement of the object by epi-excitation without the need for touching, destroying, and sampling it. Specifically, we characterized the sensitivity of the gold/PVA nanomesh substrate in the Place & Play SERS measurement scheme and then used the scheme to conduct SERS measurements of both wet and dry objects under nearly real-world conditions. To show the practical utility of Place & Play SERS, we demonstrated two examples of its application: food safety testing and forensic analysis. Our results firmly verified the new measurement scheme of SERS and are expected to extend the potential of SERS by opening up untapped applications of sensitive, real-time,
in situ
multiplex chemical analysis.
We have fabricated a flexible, adhesive gold/polyvinylalcohol nanomesh substrate for use in SERS. This substrate allows for the acquisition of SERS spectra through the simple application of the gold nanomesh onto samples.
Fluoro‐ and chlorofluorocabons (FC/CFCs) are important refrigerants, solvents, and fluoropolymers in industry while being toxic and carrying high global warming potential. Detection and reclamation ...of FC/CFCs based on adsorption technology with highly selective adsorbents is important to labor safety and environmental protection. Herein, the study reports an integrated method to combine capture, separation, enrichment, and analysis of representative FC/CFCs (chlorodifluoromethane(R22) and 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R134a)) by using the highly stable and porous Zr‐MOF, DUT‐67. Gas adsorption and breakthrough experiments demonstrate that DUT‐67 has high R22/R134a uptake (124/116 cm3 g−1) and excellent R22/R134a/CO2 separation performance (IAST selectivities of R22/CO2 and R134a/CO2 ranging from 51.4 to 33.3, and 31.1 to 25.8), even in rather low concentration and humid conditions. A semi‐quantitative analysis protocol is set up to analyze the low concentrations of R22/R134a based on the high selective R22/R134a adsorption ability, fast adsorption kinetics, water‐resistant utility, facile regeneration, and excellent recyclability of DUT‐67. In situ single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, theoretical calculations, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra have been employed to understand the adsorption mechanism. This work may provide a potential adsorbent for purge and trap technique under room temperature, thus promoting the application of MOFs for VOCs sampling and quantitative analysis.
A semi‐quantitative analysis method, integrating capture, separation, enrichment, and analysis into one, is developed for highly efficient detection and analysis of low concentrations of chlorodifluoromethane(R22) and 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (R134a)) under room temperature by using the highly stable and porous Zr‐MOF, DUT‐67, bearing plenty of coordinated H2O/OH−, as a solid adsorbent.
Tripartite motif (TRIM65) is an important member of the TRIM protein family, which is a newly discovered E3 ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates various substrates and is involved in diverse ...pathological processes. However, the function of TRIM65 in atherosclerosis remains unarticulated. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM65 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype transformation, which plays a crucial role in formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
Both non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic lesions during autopsy were collected singly or pairwise from each individual (n = 16) to investigate the relationship between TRIM65 and the development of atherosclerosis. In vivo, Western diet-fed ApoE−/− mice overexpressing or lacking TRIM65 were used to assess the physiological function of TRIM65 on VSMCs phenotype, proliferation and atherosclerotic lesion formation. In vitro, VSMCs phenotypic transformation was induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). TRIM65-overexpressing or TRIM65-abrogated primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MOASMCs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the progression of VSMCs phenotypic transformation, proliferation and migration. Increased TRIM65 expression was detected in α-SMA-positive cells in the medial and atherosclerotic lesions of autopsy specimens. TRIM65 overexpression increased, whereas genetic knockdown of TRIM65 remarkably inhibited, atherosclerotic plaque development. Mechanistically, TRIM65 overexpression activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, resulting in the loss of the VSMCs contractile phenotype, including calponin, α-SMA, and SM22α, as well as cell proliferation and migration. However, opposite phenomena were observed when TRIM65 was deficient in vivo or in vitro. Moreover, in cultured PDGF-BB-induced TRIM65-overexpressing VSMCs, inhibition of PI3K by treatment with the inhibitor LY-294002 for 24 h markedly attenuated PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation, regained the VSMCs contractile phenotype, and blocked the progression of cell proliferation and migration.
TRIM65 overexpression enhances atherosclerosis development by promoting phenotypic transformation of VSMCs from contractile to synthetic state through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway.
Display omitted
•TRIM65 expression positively correlated with AS lesions in human atherosclerotic tissues, indicating TRIM65 could be implicated in atherogenesis.•Overexpression of TRIM65 promoted progression of atherosclerosis by increasing AS plaque formation, loss of VSMCs contractile phenotype, cell proliferation, and activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in WD-fed ApoE−/− mice.•TRIM65 was upregulated in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs phenotype transformation model.•Overexpression of TRIM65 promoted PDGF-BB-dependent or independent VSMCs phenotype transformation, and PDGF-BB-induced cell proliferation and migration.
•Cellulase-xylanase synergy is effective for natural lignocellulosic saccharification.•The hydrolysis yields of rice straw can be improved 545% by the synergy.•The synergistic mechanism was explored ...by evaluating the substrate morphology.
Synergistic combination of cellulase and xylanase has been performed on pre-treated substrates in many previous studies, while few on natural substrates. In this study, three unpretreated lignocellulosic substrates were studied, including corncob, corn stover, and rice straw. The results indicated that when the mixed cellulase and xylanase were applied, reducing sugar concentrations were calculated as 19.53, 15.56, and 17.35mg/ml, respectively, based on the 3,5 dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Compared to the treatment with only cellulose, the hydrolysis yields caused by mixed cellulase and xylanase were improved by 133%, 164%, and 545%, respectively. In addition, the conversion yield of corncob, corn stover, and rice straw by cellulase-xylanase co-treatment reached 43.9%, 48.5%, and 40.2%, respectively, based on HPLC analysis, which confirmed the synergistic effect of cellulase-xylanase that was much higher than either of the single enzyme treatment. The substrate morphology was also evaluated to explore the synergistic mechanism of cellulase-xylanase.
Photonics has emerged as a crucial enabler for various emerging applications in communication and sensing, revolutionizing industries such as data centers, autonomous driving, 5G wireless networks, ...cloud computing, the IoT, and virtual reality ...
We report the development of an isocyanide-based molecular probe for in situ characterizing the overgrowth of a second metal on silver nanocrystal seeds in solution by surface-enhanced Raman ...scattering (SERS). As the first demonstration, we elucidate that the vibrational frequency of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (2,6-DMPI) can serve as a distinctive reporter for capturing the nucleation of Pt on the edges of Ag nanocubes in the aqueous solution containing a Pt precursor, ascorbic acid, and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) under ambient conditions. Our success relies on the difference in stretching frequency for the NC bond when the isocyanide group binds to the Ag and Pt atoms. Specifically, σ donation from the antibonding σ* orbital of the −NC group to the d-band of Ag would strengthen the NC bond, blue shifting the stretching frequency. In contrast, π-back-donation from the d-band of Pt to the π* antibonding orbital of the −NC group would weaken the NC bond, leading to a red shift of stretching frequency. Therefore, it is feasible to in situ characterize the outermost surface that consists of both newly deposited Pt atoms and remaining Ag atoms by following the stretching frequencies and intensities of 2,6-DMPI in real time. Because the SERS hot spots on the edges of Ag nanocubes coincide with the {110} facets preferred for the nucleation of Pt atoms, this technique is capable of resolving 27 Pt atoms being deposited on each edge of a 39 nm Ag nanocube in the original growth solution. Collectively, in situ SERS, with its consummate sensitivity to molecular structure and bonding of isocyanide-based molecular probe, could elucidate the mechanistic details involved in the seeded overgrowth of a catalytically significant metal, such as Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, and Ru, on the surface of a Ag or Au nanocrystal seed.
The Maritime Continent (MC) has experienced significant anthropogenic land use changes, mainly deforestation, which has led to local surface warming and marked convergence in the lower troposphere ...and divergence in the upper. The remote consequences of this deforestation remain unclear and present considerable uncertainties. In this study, we employ a fully coupled climate model and a linear baroclinic model to explore the effects of altered land‐atmosphere interactions due to MC deforestation on high‐latitude climates. Our series of idealized experiments demonstrates that MC deforestation can induce upper‐level diabatic heating. This generates a barotropic Rossby wave that moves poleward, drawing energy from the subtropical jet across the Central to Eastern Pacific regions via eddy‐mean flow interactions. Such interactions amplify the Aleutian Low, promoting the northward transport of warm air, leading to notable warming anomalies. This influx of warmth contributes to sea ice melt, initiating a positive ice‐albedo feedback. A lapse‐rate feedback is also observed in adjacent high‐latitude land areas, amplifying terrestrial warming. These reinforcing feedbacks, combined with the direct temperature transport enabled by the strengthened Aleutian Low, cumulatively result in pronounced high‐latitude warming originally due to the tropical land use changes.
Plain Language Summary
Deforestation in the Maritime Continent (MC) has far‐reaching implications, extending to remote climatic areas. This study explores the mechanisms by which deforestation in the MC impacts climates in middle‐to‐high latitudes, especially during the boreal winter. The deforestation effect originates from the MC, traveling along the subtropical jet. The interactions between localized and larger‐scale atmospheric flows play a pivotal role in this transmission. These interactions bolster the Aleutian Low during winter, resulting in the warming of the Bering Sea. This warming results from the direct transport of warm air, facilitated by the intensified Aleutian Low and feedback loops enhanced by the ice albedo feedback and changes in radiations. Our idealized experiments show that MC deforestation can strengthen the Aleutian Low and lead to a warmer Bering Sea in the winter.
Key Points
Deforestation in the Maritime Continent triggers a chain reaction in winter Rossby wave dynamics and strengthens the Aleutian Low
The intensified Aleutian Low transports warm air from lower latitudes to the Bering Sea region, resulting in significant low‐level warming
Local lapse rate changes and ice‐albedo feedback jointly enhance low‐level warming
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