The Maritime Continent (MC) has experienced significant anthropogenic land use changes, mainly deforestation, which has led to local surface warming and marked convergence in the lower troposphere ...and divergence in the upper. The remote consequences of this deforestation remain unclear and present considerable uncertainties. In this study, we employ a fully coupled climate model and a linear baroclinic model to explore the effects of altered land‐atmosphere interactions due to MC deforestation on high‐latitude climates. Our series of idealized experiments demonstrates that MC deforestation can induce upper‐level diabatic heating. This generates a barotropic Rossby wave that moves poleward, drawing energy from the subtropical jet across the Central to Eastern Pacific regions via eddy‐mean flow interactions. Such interactions amplify the Aleutian Low, promoting the northward transport of warm air, leading to notable warming anomalies. This influx of warmth contributes to sea ice melt, initiating a positive ice‐albedo feedback. A lapse‐rate feedback is also observed in adjacent high‐latitude land areas, amplifying terrestrial warming. These reinforcing feedbacks, combined with the direct temperature transport enabled by the strengthened Aleutian Low, cumulatively result in pronounced high‐latitude warming originally due to the tropical land use changes.
Plain Language Summary
Deforestation in the Maritime Continent (MC) has far‐reaching implications, extending to remote climatic areas. This study explores the mechanisms by which deforestation in the MC impacts climates in middle‐to‐high latitudes, especially during the boreal winter. The deforestation effect originates from the MC, traveling along the subtropical jet. The interactions between localized and larger‐scale atmospheric flows play a pivotal role in this transmission. These interactions bolster the Aleutian Low during winter, resulting in the warming of the Bering Sea. This warming results from the direct transport of warm air, facilitated by the intensified Aleutian Low and feedback loops enhanced by the ice albedo feedback and changes in radiations. Our idealized experiments show that MC deforestation can strengthen the Aleutian Low and lead to a warmer Bering Sea in the winter.
Key Points
Deforestation in the Maritime Continent triggers a chain reaction in winter Rossby wave dynamics and strengthens the Aleutian Low
The intensified Aleutian Low transports warm air from lower latitudes to the Bering Sea region, resulting in significant low‐level warming
Local lapse rate changes and ice‐albedo feedback jointly enhance low‐level warming
Asthma patients may increase their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, anti-COVID-19/asthma comorbidity approaches are ...restricted on condition. Existing evidence indicates that luteolin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation capabilities. We aimed to evaluate the possibility of luteolin evolving into an ideal drug and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of luteolin against COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. We used system pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis to assess the physicochemical properties and biological activities of luteolin and further analyze the binding activities, targets, biological functions, and mechanisms of luteolin against COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. We found that luteolin may exert ideal physicochemical properties and bioactivity, and molecular docking analysis confirmed that luteolin performed effective binding activities in COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network of 538 common targets between drug and disease was constructed and 264 hub targets were obtained. Then, the top 6 hub targets of luteolin against COVID-19/asthma comorbidity were identified, namely, TP53, AKT1, ALB, IL-6, TNF, and VEGFA. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis suggested that luteolin may exert effects on virus defense, regulation of inflammation, cell growth and cell replication, and immune responses, reducing oxidative stress and regulating blood circulation through the Toll-like receptor; MAPK, TNF, AGE/RAGE, EGFR, ErbB, HIF-1, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways; PD-L1 expression; and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer. The possible "dangerous liaison" between COVID-19 and asthma is still a potential threat to world health. This research is the first to explore whether luteolin could evolve into a drug candidate for COVID-19/asthma comorbidity. This study indicated that luteolin with superior drug likeness and bioactivity has great potential to be used for treating COVID-19/asthma comorbidity, but the predicted results still need to be rigorously verified by experiments.
In article number 1800485, Ting‐Hui Xiao, Zhenzhou Cheng, and Keisuke Goda report the development of an all‐dielectric spiral nanoflower that exhibits giant optical activity. The largest‐to‐date ...circular‐intensity difference of ≈35% is experimentally demonstrated by optimizing a magnetic quadrupole contribution of the nanoflower to scattered light. The nanoflower overcomes bottlenecks of traditional metallic platforms and enables the development of diverse chiroptical devices and applications in stereochemistry, analytical chemistry, and spin photonics.
Cue-induced food cravings are strong desires directed toward specific foods, usually ones with high caloric content, and can lead to overeating. However, although food cravings vary according to ...individual preferences for specific high-calorie food subtypes, a structured library of food craving-inducing pictures including multiple categories of high-calorie foods does not yet exist. Here, we developed and validated a picture library of Chinese foods (PLCF) consisting of five subtypes of high-calorie foods (i.e., sweets, starches, salty foods, fatty foods, and sugary drinks) to allow for more nuanced future investigations in food craving research, particularly in Chinese cultural contexts. We collected 100 food images representing these five subtypes, with four food items per subtype depicted in five high-resolution photographs each. We recruited 241 individuals with overweight or obesity to rate the food pictures based on craving, familiarity, valence, and arousal dimensions. Of these participants, 213 reported the severity of problematic eating behaviors as a clinical characteristic. Under the condition of mixing multiple subtypes of high-calorie foods, we did not observe significant differences in craving ratings for high- and low-calorie food images (
> 0.05). Then, we compared each subtype of high-calorie food images to low-calorie ones, and found craving ratings were greater for the images of salty foods and sugary drinks (
< 0.05). Furthermore, we conducted a subgroup analysis of individuals according to whether they did or did not meet the criteria for food addiction (FA) and found that greater cravings induced by the images of high-calorie food subtypes (i.e., salty foods and sugary drinks) only appeared in the subgroup that met the FA criteria. The results show that the PLCF is practical for investigating food cravings.
In this paper, two methods based on generalized successive overrelaxation (GSOR) for solving weakly nonlinear systems with complex coefficient matrices are proposed: Picard-accelerated GSOR (P-AGSOR) ...and Picard-preconditioned GSOR (P-PGSOR) methods. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the local convergence properties of the two methods under appropriate assumptions. Numerical examples confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the two methods.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the severe clinical implications in SLE, and this was relates to fibrosis in the kidney. As an ...important marker in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) has been given much attention with respect to its role in regulating pro‐inflammatory immune response. Fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14), the sole receptor for TWEAK, has been found expressed in different immune and non‐immune cells. TWEAK binds to Fn14, and then regulates inflammatory components production via downstream signaling pathways. To date, dysregulated expression of TWEAK, Fn14 has been reported in SLE, LN patients, and in vivo, in vitro studies have discussed the significant role of TWEAK‐Fn14 axis in SLE, LN pathogenesis, partly through mediating the fibrosis process. In this review, we will discuss the association of TWEAK‐Fn14 axis in lupus. Understanding the relationship will better realize the potential for making TWEAK‐Fn14 as a marker for the diseases, and will help to give many clues for targeting them in treatment of lupus in the future.
Zero-dimensional (0D) metal halides with solid-state luminescence switching (SSLS) have attracted attention as sensors and luminescent anticounterfeiting. Herein, selective solvent molecule response ...and accordingly luminescence switching were discovered in 0D EtPPh32SbCl5 (1, EtPPh3 = ethyltriphenylphosphonium). More than a dozen kinds of solvent molecules have been tested to find out the selection rule for molecule absorption in 1, which is demonstrated to be the size effect of guest molecules. Confirmed by crystal structural analysis, only the solvents with molecular volume less than 22.3 Å3 could be accommodated in 1 leading to the solvatochromic photoluminescence (PL). The mechanism of solvatochromic PL was also deeply studied, which was found to be closely related to the supramolecular interactions between solvent molecules and the host material. Different functional groups of the solvent molecule can affect its strength of hydrogen bonding with SbCl52–, which is crucial for the distortion level of SbCl52– unit and thus results in not only distinct solvatochromic PL but also distinct thermochromic PL. In addition, they all show typical self-trapped exciton triplet emissions. The additional supramolecular interactions from guest molecules can enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield to be as high as 95%.
Although luminescent indium(
iii
) based halide perovskites have been widely investigated, the study of emissive indium(
iii
) halide hybrids is limited. Three indium(
iii
) chloride hybrids based on ...a bpym ligand were synthesized, namely EPy
2
InCl
4
(bpym)InCl
4
·DMF (
1
), EPy
2
InCl
4
(bpym)InCl
4
(
2
), and BPy
2
InCl
4
(bpym)InCl
4
(
3
) (EPy =
N
-ethylpyridinium; BPy =
N
-butylpyridinium; bpym = 2,2′-bipyrimidine). They all exhibit a zero-dimensional structure, in which the ligand bpym interconnects two InCl
4
−
to form a InCl
4
(bpym)InCl
4
2−
anion that is further charge-compensated by the corresponding pyridinium cations. This is the first time using bpym to coordinate with an In atom. At 298 K,
1
exhibits a weak emission at 600 nm while
2
and
3
exhibit emissions peaking at 500 nm and 540 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the DMF solvent molecule in
1
can be removed by heating, thus resulting in the structural transformation of
1
into
2
together with a photoluminescence (PL) change. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that halogen-to-ligand charge-transfer (HLCT) occurs in the emission process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on PL of ionic indium(
iii
) halide hybrids incorporating organic ligands.
The first three indium(
iii
) chloride hybrids composed of a 2,2′-bipyrimidine-incorporating haloindium(
iii
) anion and ionic liquid cations were synthesized and structurally studied, which show structural transformation and photoluminescence switching.
A heterogeneous iridium-complex-catalyzed N–O-cleaving rearrangement/cyclization of 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles with alkenes has been developed. It provides divergent access to multiple substituted ...pyrrolidines, pyrroles, and carbazoles. The iridium catalyst remains highly catalytic active after seven cycles. The gram-scale synthesis afforded a carbazole with strong bluish-violet fluorescence.
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