Plant environmental responses involve dynamic changes in growth and signaling, yet little is understood as to how progress through these events is regulated. Here, we explored the phenotypic and ...transcriptional events involved in the acclimation of the Arabidopsis thaliana seedling root to a rapid change in salinity. Using live-imaging analysis, we show that growth is dynamically regulated with a period of quiescence followed by recovery then homeostasis. Through the use of a new high-resolution spatio-temporal transcriptional map, we identify the key hormone signaling pathways that regulate specific transcriptional programs, predict their spatial domain of action, and link the activity of these pathways to the regulation of specific phases of growth. We use tissue-specific approaches to suppress the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway and demonstrate that ABA likely acts in select tissue layers to regulate spatially localized transcriptional programs and promote growth recovery. Finally, we show that salt also regulates many tissue-specific and time point—specific transcriptional responses that are expected to modify water transport, Casparian strip formation, and protein translation. Together, our data reveal a sophisticated assortment of regulatory programs acting together to coordinate spatially patterned biological changes involved in the immediate and long-term response to a stressful shift in environment.
Whether females have better survival than males in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is barely acknowledged and the exact explanations remain unknown.
Overall, 5929 patients receiving treatment between ...January 2005 and December 2010 were separately stratified by stage into early and advanced stage groups, and by age into premenopausal (⩽45 years), menopausal (46-54 years) and postmenopausal (⩾55 years) groups. Matched males and females in each group were identified using the propensity score matching method. Differences in disease-free survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model.
Overall, 398, 923, 744, 319 and 313 pairs of males and females were matched in early stage, advanced stage, premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal group, respectively. Females showed significant advantage over males across all end points in both early and advanced stage groups (P⩽0.042). However, this advantage persisted at premenopausal age (P⩽0.042), declined during menopause (DMFS, P=0.021; DSS, P=0.100; OS, P=0.693; LRFS, P=0.330) and totally disappeared at postmenopausal age (P⩾0.344).
Sex significantly affects NPC survival, with a definite female advantage regardless of tumour stage. Intrinsic biologic traits appear to be the exact explanation according to the declining magnitude of sex effect with age.
► The WO3 nanowire film was bombarded by Ar ion beam to produce uniform tungsten cone arrays. ► We monitored the whole ion-induced reduction process of WO3 nanowires by in situ XPS measurement to ...study the change of W chemical states. ► Ion-induced reduction of oxides should be associated with the inherent properties of constituent elements in oxide compounds except for the preferential sputtering of oxygen. ► The formation of the directional cone arrays was due to the long-time gross surface heating of ion bombardment with the directional high-energy Ar ion beam.
WO3 nanowire film was bombarded by Ar ion beam in the analysis chamber of an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) system to produce uniform tungsten cone arrays. The WO3 nanowire film itself served as an etching mask during the Ar+ bombardment. The changes of surface chemical states and electronic structures during bombardment were monitored by in situ XPS. The morphological evolution with different Ar+ bombardment time was observed by ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the start of Ar+ bombardment partial W6+ in WO3 was reduced to W5+ immediately, subsequently to W4+ and then to Wx+ (intermediate chemical state between W4+ and W0), finally to W0. Multiple oxidation states of tungsten coexisted until finally only W0 left. SEM images showed that the nanowires were broken and then fused together to be divided into clusters with a certain orientation after long-time high-energy ion beam bombardment. The mechanism of the ion-induced reduction during bombardment and the reason of the orientated cone arrays formation were discussed respectively.
CuS/CdS composites have been successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal and cation exchange method. Even without noble-metal cocatalyst, the prepared CuS/CdS composites exhibited enhanced ...photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. CuS content had a great influence on photocatalytic activity and an optimum amount of CuS was determined to be ca. 3 mol%, at which the CuS/CdS displayed the highest photocatalytic activity, giving an H2 evolution rate of 332 μmol g−1 h−1, exceeding that of pure CdS by 3.5 times. The results of SPV (surface photovoltage) and SPC (surface photocurrent) revealed that photogenerated electrons were captured by CuS loaded. TPV (transient photovoltage techniques) indicated that photogenerated charges lifetime in CdS, was prolonged with CuS loaded. Those are the main reasons for the improvement of photocatalytic H2 evolution.
•The CuS/CdS composites were prepared via ion exchange and hydrothermal method.•The CuS/CdS exhibited enhanced activity for photocatalytic H2 evolution.•The surface photovoltage, photocurrent and transient photovoltage were used.•The results indicated that photoelectrons were captured by CuS.•The result revealed that the photogenerated carrier life was increased by CuS.
The performance of N-face AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) with superlattice electron blocking layer (EBL) is investigated by using two-dimensional numerical simulation. ...The simulated results demonstrate that the adoption of N-face UV LED with superlattice EBL is critical to improve the device’s performance. In comparison with the Ga-face UV LEDs with superlattice and conventional EBL, the N-face device structure with superlattice EBL possesses numerous advantages. By detailedly analyzing the profiles of energy band diagrams, distribution of carrier concentration, and radiative recombination rate, the advantages of N-face UV LED with superlattice EBL are attributed to the higher barrier for electron leakage, and simultaneously reduced barrier for hole injection compared with conventional Ga-face UV LEDs.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the converging paths for many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and TDP-43 pathology is the most common proteinopathy ...detected in ALS and ALS/Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ALS/FTLD). We recently identified mitochondrial problems in corticospinal motor neurons (CSMN) and in Betz cells of patients with TDP-43 pathology. However, the timing and the extent of mitochondrial defects, and their mode of degeneration have not been revealed. Because it is important to reveal when problems first begin to emerge and whether they are shared or unique, we investigated the health and integrity of mitochondria in CSMN of prpTDP-43
, PFN1
, and hSOD1
mice at P15 (post-natal day 15)-a very early age in mice without any sign of cellular degeneration.Utilization of immuno-coupled electron microscopy for a detailed surveillance of mitochondria in CSMN and other non-CSMN cells revealed presence of a novel self-destructive path of mitochondrial degeneration, which we named
. Mitoauthopgy is different from mitophagy, as it does not require autophagosome-mediated degradation. In contrast, in this novel path, mitochondria can clear themselves independently. We find that even at this early age, all diseased CSMN begin to display mitochondrial defects, whereas mitochondria in non-CSMN cells are healthy. Our findings not only reveal mitoautophagy as a novel path of mitochondrial clearance that occurs prior to neuronal vulnerability, but it also highlights that it is present mainly in the upper motor neurons of prpTDP-43
and PFN1
mice, which mimic many aspects of the disease in patients with TDP-43 pathology.
This review examines metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) using gold (Au) nanostructures, with a focus on biomedical applications of this phenomenon, namely fluorescence biosensing and imaging. The ...mechanism by which MEF occurs will be briefly discussed before a thorough review of recent investigations, particularly surrounding cancer detection and imaging. Work in this field has primarily focused on substrate-based MEF and more recently has explored solution-based enhancement. Therefore, this review will examine both the different nanostructured substrates as well as the colloidal nanomaterials that have been synthesized, along with their interactions with fluorescent molecules. The potential applications of plasmonic probes for optical imaging, particularly in the near-infrared II (NIR-II) window, are also discussed. By incorporating MEF into diagnostic and imaging techniques, it is expected that there will be dramatic improvements to patient survival rates via early diagnosis and efficient treatment.
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The microvasculature facilitates gas exchange, provides nutrients to cells, and regulates blood flow in response to stimuli. Vascular abnormalities are an indicator of pathology for various ...conditions, such as compromised vessel integrity in small vessel disease and angiogenesis in tumors. Traditional immunohistochemistry enables the visualization of tissue cross-sections containing exogenously labeled vasculature. Although this approach can be utilized to quantify vascular changes within small fields of view, it is not a practical way to study the vasculature on the scale of whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging presents a more appropriate method to visualize the vascular architecture in tissue. Here we describe the complete protocol that we use to characterize the vasculature of different organs in mice encompassing the methods to fluorescently label vessels, optically clear tissue, collect 3D vascular images, and quantify these vascular images with a semi-automated approach. To validate the automated segmentation of vascular images, one user manually segmented one hundred random regions of interest across different vascular images. The automated segmentation results had an average sensitivity of 83±11% and an average specificity of 91±6% when compared to manual segmentation. Applying this procedure of image analysis presents a method to reliably quantify and characterize vascular networks in a timely fashion. This procedure is also applicable to other methods of tissue clearing and vascular labels that generate 3D images of microvasculature.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Wu S, Ai H, Zhang K, Yun H, Xie F. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:11623‒11635. The Editor and Publisher of OncoTargets and Therapy wish to retract the published article. Concerns were raised regarding ...the alleged duplication of images in Figures 2, 3 and 6. Specifically, Figure 2E, si-RNA-NC appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 6G, EGOT/miR-33a-5p which has been rotated. Figure 2E, siRNA-EGOT-1 appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 3F, EGOT which has been rotated. Figure 2F, si-RNA-NC appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 3E, lncRNA-NC which has been rotated. Figure 2F, si-RNA-NC appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 6G, NC which has been rotated. Figure 2F, siRNA-EGOT-1 appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 3F, lncRNA-NC. Figure 2F, siRNA-EGOT-1 appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 6H, EGOT/miR-33a-5p which has been rotated. Figure 3E, lncRNA-NC appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 6G, NC which has been rotated. Figure 3F, lncRNA-NC appears to have been duplicated with the same image for Figure 6H, EGOT/miR-33a-5p. The authors did not respond to our queries and the Editor requested to retract the article and the authors were notified of this. We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as "Retracted".
Background and Objective: Salivary proteomics technology can be used to evaluate the disease progession of periodontitis and the systemic screening of proteomes of saliva from subjects with ...aggressive periodontitis has not been available. The objective of this preliminary study was to compare the proteomic profile of whole unstimulated saliva of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) with that of healthy volunteers to identify proteins, the levels of which were significantly altered between the two groups.
Material and Methods: Whole unstimulated saliva was obtained from five subjects with GAgP and five healthy subjects, and proteins were separated using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins, the levels of which were significantly different between the two groups, were identified by computer image analyses and subsequent electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
Results: Eleven proteins that exhibited a different level in the GAgP group vs. the control group were identified. Compared with whole saliva of healthy control subjects, the levels of serum albumin, immunoglobulin (Ig) γ2 chain C region, Ig α2 chain C region, vitamin D‐binding protein, salivary α‐amylase and zinc‐α2 glycoprotein were increased in whole unstimulated saliva of GAgP subjects, while those of lactotransferrin, elongation factor 2, 14‐3‐3 sigma, short palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma‐associated protein 2 precursor and carbonic anhydrase 6 were decreased.
Conclusion: Comparison of the proteomic profile of whole unstimulated saliva of GAgP subjects with that of healthy control subjects revealed at least 11 differential proteins. The approach applied herein might be helpful to aid understanding of the etiology of GAgP.
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