By taking full advantages of both the map and reduce function for the MapReduce parallel framework and the memory computation for the Spark platform, this paper designs and implements the algorithms ...for solving the traveling salesman problem based on ant colony algorithm on MapReduce framework and Spark platform. Next, adds the nearest neighbor selection strategy for choosing next city for the Spark platform ant colony algorithm, and combines it with genetic algorithm by using the optimal individual between ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm, in order to update each other's best individual at the end of each iteration. Experimental results show that with the increase of ant colony size, compared to the stand-alone ant colony algorithm, MapReduce ant colony algorithm reflects the superiority of parallel computation; compared to the MapReduce ant colony algorithm, Spark platform ant colony algorithm reflects the superiority of memory computing. Cooperated with genetic algorithm, the solution has been improved significantly in its precision.
Polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared via Pickering emulsion polymerization using graphene oxide (GO) as the stabilizer. The results show that pH is an important factor in the stability of ...Pickering emulsions. The effects of two different phase initiators, the water phase initiator potassium persulfate and the oil phase initiator azobisisobutyronitrile, on the morphology of PS particles in Pickering emulsion polymerization had been investigated in detail. Wrinkled particles were prepared using the water phase initiator, and spherical particles were prepared using the oil phase initiator. In addition, hexadecane was used as the auxiliary stabilizer in the polymerization, which narrowed the diameter distribution of the PS spheres, and the hollow PS spheres were fabricated. The size of the GO particles also influenced the final morphology of the particles. Nano-sized polymer particles were grafted onto the surface of micro-sized GO. Small GO particles were suitable for Pickering emulsion polymerization to prepare the composite particles. The thermogravimetric analysis of the prepared particles confirmed that they were PS/GO composite particles, which could have a wide range of potential applications, such as in catalysts, sensors, environmental remediation, and energy storage.
Abstract
Adsorption‐based carbon capture has been recognized as an attractive method for mitigating global warming. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidate adsorbents for this purpose ...due to their high adsorption uptake and selectivity for carbon dioxide. However, in real‐world applications, such as direct air capture, the presence of moisture in the feed gas may pose a grand challenge for CO
2
adsorption in MOFs. This paper aims to address the issue of water–CO
2
co‐adsorption in MOFs and present screening criteria for selecting MOFs that preferentially adsorb CO
2
under humid conditions. First, we uncover a comprehensive overview of CO
2
–water co‐adsorption characteristics of various MOFs. Then, the high‐throughput screening methods are summarized. Both computational and experimental efforts have been dedicated to identify the promising MOFs for humid CO
2
capture. According to the screening results and adsorption mechanism, the optimal preparation strategies are proposed to modulate the effect of water on CO
2
uptake in MOFs. Finally, current MOF‐based CO
2
capture prototypes are presented to evaluate their practical feasibility and performance. This work could offer valuable guidance for the development and application of MOFs for CO
2
capture in the presence of water and inspire further research in this field.
To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of bronchial arterial infusion chemoembolization (BAICE) for lung cancer with hemoptysis.
Retrospectively analyze clinical data of patients undergoing BAICE ...for the treatment of lung cancer with hemoptysis, evaluate the clinical efficacy of this approach, observe postoperative adverse reactions, and analyze hemoptysis-free survival (HFS) and overall survival (OS).
All 187 patients underwent BAICE with technical success rate of 100%, clinical success rate of 86.6%, clinical failure rate of 13.4%. After BAICE, the tumor curative effect was evaluated as complete remission in 56 cases, partial remission in 82 cases, stable disease in 26 cases, and progressive disease in 6 cases. The objective response rate was 73.8%, and the disease control rate was 87.7%. Median HFS of the 154 clinically successful cases was 10.5 months (95% confidence interval CI: 8.11-11.89). The degree of hemoptysis (massive hemoptysis hazard ratio HR = 5.9, 95% CI: 3.43-10.16, P = .00) and cavitary lung mass (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.44-3.99, P = .001), were significantly related to a reduction in HFS after BAICE. The 6-month and 12-month survival rates were 66.5% and 45.6%, respectively. The median OS of clinically successful cases was 13.0 months (95% CI: 11.22-14.77). The median OS of 16 clinically failed cases was 2.0 months (95% CI: 0.41-2.45) (P < .001). All adverse events were grade 1.
BAICE for advanced lung cancer with hemoptysis is safe, effective, and tolerable.
BAE is often used for lung cancer with hemoptysis, but the long-term effect is poor. We retrospectively analyzed 187 patients treated with BAE and BAIC. The clinical success rate of 86.6%. The ORR, DCR were 73.8%, 87.7%, respectively. The Median HFS and OS were 10.5 months and 13.0 months, respectively. BAICE is safe, effective, and tolerable for patients.
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be susceptible to critical vulnerabilities when attacked by adversarial samples. This has prompted the development of attack and defense strategies ...similar to those used in cyberspace security. The dependence of such strategies on attack and defense mechanisms makes the associated algorithms on both sides appear as closely processes, with the defense method being particularly passive in these processes. Inspired by the dynamic defense approach proposed in cyberspace to address endless arm races, this article defines ensemble quantity, network structure, and smoothing parameters as variable ensemble attributes and proposes a stochastic ensemble strategy based on heterogeneous and redundant sub-models. The proposed method introduces the diversity and randomness characteristic of deep neural networks to alter the fixed correspondence gradient between input and output. The unpredictability and diversity of the gradients make it more difficult for attackers to directly implement white-box attacks, helping to address the extreme transferability and vulnerability of ensemble models under white-box attacks. Experimental comparison of
ASR-vs.-distortion curves
with different attack scenarios under CIFAR10 preliminarily demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method that even the highest-capacity attacker cannot easily outperform the attack success rate associated with the ensemble smoothed model, especially for untargeted attacks.
The intelligent fault diagnosis model has made a significant development, whose high-precision results rely on a large amount of labeled data. However, in the actual industrial environment, it is ...very difficult to obtain a large amount of labeled data. It will make it difficult for the fault diagnosis model to converge with limited labeled industrial data. To address this paradox, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation framework (M-Net) for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, which only requires unlabeled industrial data. The M-Net will be pretrained using the labeled data, which can be accessed through the labs. In this stage, we propose a multi-scale feature extractor that can extract and fuse multi-scale features. This operation will generalize the features further. Then, we will align the distribution of the labeled data and unlabeled industrial data using the generator model based on multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy. This will reduce the distribution distance between the labeled data and the unlabeled industrial data. For now, the unsupervised domain adaptation problem has shifted to a semi-supervised domain adaptation problem. The results, obtained through experimental comparison, demonstrate that the M-Net can achieve an accuracy of over 99.99% with labeled data and a maximum transfer accuracy of over 99% with unlabeled industrial data.
Impedance-based protein detection sensors for point-of-care diagnostics require quantitative specificity, as well as rapid or real-time operation. Furthermore, microfabrication of these sensors can ...lead to the formation of factors suitable for in vivo operation. Herein, we present microfabricated needle-shaped microwell impedance sensors for rapid-sample-to-answer, label-free detection of cytokines, and other biomarkers. The microneedle form factor allows sensors to be utilized in transcutaneous or transvascular sensing applications. In vitro, experimental characterization confirmed sensor specificity and sensitivity to multiple proteins of interest. Mechanical characterization demonstrated sufficient microneedle robustness for transcutaneous insertion, as well as preserved sensor function postinsertion. We further utilized these sensors to carry out real-time in vivo quantification of human interleukin 8 (hIL8) concentration levels in the blood of transgenic mice that endogenously express hIL8. To assess sensor functionality, hIL8 concentration levels in serum samples from the same mice were quantified by ELISA. Excellent agreement between real-time in vivo sensor readings in blood and subsequent ELISA serum assays was observed over multiple transgenic mice expressing hIL8 concentrations from 62 pg/mL to 539 ng/mL.
•Cu-ZSM-5 nanosheets have been synthesized by ion-exchanging method.•Nanosheets show higher activity in N2O decomposition than conventional zeolites.•Nanosheets also exhibit much better stability in ...N2O decomposition.•Better reducibility of Cu+ and easier desorption of oxygen were observed.
ZSM-5 nanosheets were prepared using C18H37-N+(CH3)2-C6H12-N+(CH3)2-C6H13Br2 as a template and then ion-exchanged with Cu cations. The catalytic performance of the obtained Cu-ZSM-5 nanosheets in N2O decomposition was investigated and compared with that of conventional Cu-ZSM-5. Higher activity as well as better stability was observed for Cu-ZSM-5 nanosheets although the Cu contents of the catalysts were identical. Relevant characterization was conducted using XRF, ICP, XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, SEM, TEM, CO-IR, H2-TPR and O2-TPD. The data show that the better catalytic performance of Cu-ZSM-5 nanosheets is probably due to better accessibility of active sites, better reducibility of active Cu+ species, and the weakened interaction between oxygen and Cu+ sites.
Monitoring drought precisely and evaluating drought effects quantitatively can establish a scientific foundation for understanding drought. Although solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can ...detect the drought stress in advance, the performance of SIF in monitoring drought and assessing drought-induced gross primary productivity (GPP) losses from lush to senescence remains to be further studied. Taking the 2019 drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) as an example, this study aims to monitor and assess this drought by employing a new global, OCO-2-based SIF (GOSIF) and vegetation indexes (VIs). Results showed that the GPP, GOSIF, and VIs all exhibited significant increasing trends during 2000–2020. GOSIF was most consistent with GPP in spatial distribution and was most correlated with GPP in both annual (linear correlation, R2 = 0.87) and monthly (polynomial correlation, R2 = 0.976) time scales by comparing with VIs. During July–December 2019, the precipitation (PPT), soil moisture, and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were generally below the averages during 2011–2020 and reached their lowest point in November, while those of air temperature (Tem), land surface temperature (LST), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were the contrary. For drought monitoring, the spatial distributions of standardized anomalies of GOSIF and VIs were consistent during August–October 2019. In November and December, however, considering vegetation has entered the senescence stage, SIF had an obvious early response in vegetation physiological state monitoring compared with VIs, while VIs can better indicate meteorological drought conditions than SIF. For drought assessment, the spatial distribution characteristics of GOSIF and its standardized anomaly were both most consistent with that of GPP, especially the standardized anomaly in November and December. All the above phenomena verified the good spatial consistency between SIF and GPP and the superior ability of SIF in capturing and quantifying drought-induced GPP losses. Results of this study will improve the understanding of the prevention and reduction in agrometeorological disasters and can provide an accurate and timely method for drought monitoring.
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•This work confirms the importance of MIN as a useful modifier of semiconductor photocatalysts and catalysts doped with noble metals.•The MIN has a surface passivation effect that ...inhibits the aggregation and oxidation of Cu2O. This enhances its wettability and stability, improves crystallinity and reduces Au particle sizes.•The MIN promotes charge transfer via tunneling through the insulator, and enhances adsorption of molecular oxygen, facilitating active oxygen formation during photocatalysis.
In this study, the interface effects of Cu2O and Au/Cu2O semiconductors were improved by addition of a magnesia (MgO) interface nanolayer (MIN) deposited via precipitation. The morphologies, crystal structures, chemical compositions, elemental states and optical properties of MgO/Cu2O and Au/MgO/Cu2O heterojunctions were characterized via SEM, XRD, XPS, UV–VIS–NIR and PL. It was found that the MIN has a surface passivation effect that inhibits the aggregation and oxidation of Cu2O. This enhances Cu2O semiconductors’ wettability and stability, improves crystallinity and reduces Au particle sizes. More importantly, the MIN promotes charge transfer via tunneling through the insulator, and enhances adsorption of molecular oxygen, facilitating superoxide radicals formation during photoreactivity. MgO/Cu2O and Au/MgO/Cu2O exhibited superior photodegradation of methyl orange, attributed to the boost of O2− and h+. This work confirmed the importance of MIN as a useful modification of semiconductor photocatalysts, and the MIN can significantly enhance the production of superoxide radicals in the photocatalytic activity with visible light.
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