AOD-Net: All-in-One Dehazing Network Boyi Li; Xiulian Peng; Zhangyang Wang ...
2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV),
2017-Oct.
Conference Proceeding
This paper proposes an image dehazing model built with a convolutional neural network (CNN), called All-in-One Dehazing Network (AOD-Net). It is designed based on a re-formulated atmospheric ...scattering model. Instead of estimating the transmission matrix and the atmospheric light separately as most previous models did, AOD-Net directly generates the clean image through a light-weight CNN. Such a novel end-to-end design makes it easy to embed AOD-Net into other deep models, e.g., Faster R-CNN, for improving high-level tasks on hazy images. Experimental results on both synthesized and natural hazy image datasets demonstrate our superior performance than the state-of-the-art in terms of PSNR, SSIM and the subjective visual quality. Furthermore, when concatenating AOD-Net with Faster R-CNN, we witness a large improvement of the object detection performance on hazy images.
Functional passivators are conventionally utilized in modifying the crystallization properties of perovskites to minimize the non‐radiative recombination losses in perovskite light‐emitting diodes ...(PeLEDs). However, the weak anchor ability of some commonly adopted molecules has limited passivation ability to perovskites and even may desorb from the passivated defects in a short period of time, which bring about plenty of challenges for further development of high‐performance PeLEDs. Here, a multidentate molecule, formamidine sulfinic acid (FSA), is introduced as a novel passivator to perovskites. FSA has multifunctional groups (S≐O, C≐N and NH2) where the S≐O and C≐N groups enable coordination with the lead ions and the NH2 interacts with the bromide ions, thus providing the most effective chemical passivation for defects and in turn the formation of highly stable perovskite emitters. Moreover, the interaction between the FSA and octahedral PbBr64− can inhibit the formation of unfavorable low‐n domains to further minimize the inefficient energy transfer inside the perovskite emitters. Therefore, the FSA passivated green‐emitting PeLED exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.5% with fourfold enhancement in operating lifetime as compared to the control device, consolidating that the multidentate molecule is a promising strategy to effectively and sustainably passivate the perovskites.
A multidentate molecule (Formamidine Sulfinic Acid, FSA) to passivate the perovskite for efficient light‐emitting devices. Owing to its multiple roles of guaranteeing sufficient passivation durability and minimizing the energy loss, green PeLEDs based on the FSA‐perovskite films shows a superior EQE of 26.5%.
Reversible post-translational modifications represent a mechanism to control tumor metabolism. Here we show that mitochondrial Sirtuin5 (SIRT5), which mediates lysine desuccinylation, ...deglutarylation, and demalonylation, plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) glutamine metabolic rewiring. Metabolic profiling identifies that deletion of SIRT5 causes a marked decrease in
C-glutamine incorporation into tricarboxylic-acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and glutamine-derived non-essential amino acids. This reduces the building blocks required for rapid growth. Mechanistically, the direct interaction between SIRT5 and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) causes deglutarylation and functional activation of GLUD1, a critical regulator of cellular glutaminolysis. Consistently, GLUD1 knockdown diminishes SIRT5-induced proliferation, both in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, overexpression of SIRT5 is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in CRC. Thus, SIRT5 supports the anaplerotic entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle in malignant phenotypes of CRC via activating GLUD1.
The hard-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus) is widely distributed in the temperate seas of East Asia and is an important commercial bivalve in China. Chromosome-level genome information of this ...species will contribute not only to the development of hard-shelled mussel genetic breeding but also to studies on larval ecology, climate change biology, marine biology, aquaculture, biofouling, and antifouling.
We applied a combination of Illumina sequencing, Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies to construct a chromosome-level genome of the hard-shelled mussel, with a total length of 1.57 Gb and a median contig length of 1.49 Mb. Approximately 90.9% of the assemblies were anchored to 14 linkage groups. We assayed the genome completeness using BUSCO. In the metazoan dataset, the present assemblies have 89.4% complete, 1.9% incomplete, and 8.7% missing BUSCOs. Gene modeling enabled the annotation of 37,478 protein-coding genes and 26,917 non-coding RNA loci. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. coruscus is the sister taxon to the clade including Modiolus philippinarum and Bathymodiolus platifrons. Conserved chromosome synteny was observed between hard-shelled mussel and king scallop, suggesting that this is shared ancestrally. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that the pathways of catecholamine biosynthesis and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes might be involved in metamorphosis.
The chromosome-level assembly of the hard-shelled mussel genome will provide novel insights into mussel genome evolution and serve as a fundamental platform for studies regarding the planktonic-sessile transition, genetic diversity, and genomic breeding of this bivalve.
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), including enzalutamide, induces resistance in prostate cancer; ADT resistance is associated with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and tumor-associated ...macrophages (TAM). This study aimed to investigate the association between enzalutamide-induced NED and TAMs and its mechanism.
The association between enzalutamide-induced NED and TAMs was investigated by IHC using prostate cancer tissues, enzalutamide-resistant mouse xenografts, and a coculture system. The underlying mechanisms were assessed using
cytokine antibody arrays, ELISAs, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and other methods. An orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model was established to evaluate the
effects of combined IL6 receptor (IL6R) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) inhibition on enzalutamide resistance.
High CD163 expression was observed in ADT-treated prostate cancer or castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tissues with high levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (CHGA) and in enzalutamide-resistant xenografts, indicating the crucial roles of NED and TAMs in enzalutamide resistance. Specifically, enzalutamide-induced HMGB1 expression facilitated TAM recruitment and polarization and drove NED via β-catenin stabilization. HMGB1-activated TAMs secreted IL6 to augment enzalutamide-induced NED and directly promote HMGB1 transcription via STAT3. Finally, inhibition of the IL6/STAT3 pathway by tocilizumab combined with HMGB1 knockdown inhibited enzalutamide-induced resistance in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model.
Enzalutamide elevates HMGB1 levels, which recruits and activates TAMs. Moreover, IL6 secreted by HMGB1-activated TAMs facilitates the enzalutamide-induced NED of prostate cancer, forming a positive feedback loop between NED in prostate cancer and TAMs. The combined inhibition of IL6R and HMGB1 may serve as a new treatment for enzalutamide resistance in patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer.
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Selenocysteine (Sec, pKa 5.8) is genetically encoded 21st amino acid into the active site of selenoproteins, which have broad functions relevant to various diseases, tissues or organs and subcellular ...organelles. However, many selenoproteins involved cellular functions still remains unclear. In addition, since biothiols such as glutathione (GSH, pKa 8.3), possessing similar chemical properties with Sec, commonly exist in living systems at high levels. Thus, it is of great importance and high challenge to identify novel probes for selectively monitoring Sec over biothiols. In this paper, we proposed a smart strategy which allowed us to develop a lysosome targetable probe for specifically sensing Sec. By restricting weak acidic microenvironment, the probe shows a specific detection for Sec with 85-fold fluorescence enhancement owing to the remaining high activity of Sec at pH 5.0. Moreover, being low cytotoxicity to the cells verified by MTS assay, the probe was then successfully applied for imaging exogenous and endogenous Sec in lysosomes, indicating its potential for the biological investigation of Sec in subcellular organelles.
A smart strategy which allowed us to develop a lysosome targetable probe for specifical sensing Sec over biothiols. Display omitted
•Highly selective sensing selenocysteine over biothiols at pH 5.0.•An 85-fold response with a detection limit of 0.38 μM.•Synergetic effect of acid induced ring opening and selenocysteine caused cleavage reaction.•Imaging of the endogenous selenol-containing molecule and exogenous selenocysteine.
To evaluate whether prostate volume (PV) would provide additional predictive utility to the prostate health index (phi) for predicting prostate cancer (PCa) or clinically significant prostate cancer, ...we designed a prospective, observational multicenter study in two prostate biopsy cohorts. Cohort 1 included 595 patients from three medical centers from 2012 to 2013, and Cohort 2 included 1025 patients from four medical centers from 2013 to 2014. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the predictive performance of PV-based derivatives and models. Linear regression analysis showed that both total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) were significantly correlated with PV (all P < 0.05). -2proPSA (p2PSA) was significantly correlated with PV in Cohort 2 (P< 0.001) but not in Cohort 1 (P= 0.309), while no significant association was observed between phi and PV. When combining phi with PV, phi density (PHID) and another phi derivative (PHIV, calculated as phi/PV0.5) did not outperform phi for predicting PCa or clinically significant PCa in either Cohort 1 or Cohort 2. Logistic regression analysis also showed that phi and PV were independent predictors for both PCa and clinically significant PCa (all P < 0.05); however, PV did not provide additional predictive value to phi when combining these derivatives in a regression model (all models vs phi were not statistically significant, all P > 0.05). In conclusion, PV-based derivatives (both PHIV and PHID) and models incorporating PV did not improve the predictive abilities of phi for either PCa or clinically significant PCa.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) and disease relapse are challenging clinical problems in the treatment of leukaemia. Relapsed disease is frequently refractory to chemotherapy and exhibits multiple drug ...resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance. In this study, we used microRNA (miRNA) microarray and qRT‐PCR approaches to investigate the expression of miRNAs in three leukaemia cell lines with different degrees of resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) compared with their parent cell line, K562. The expression of miR‐331–5p and miR‐27a was inversely correlated with the expression of a drug‐resistant factor, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), in leukaemia cell lines with gradually increasing resistance. The development of drug resistance is regulated by the expression of the P‐gp. Transfection of the K562 and, a human promyelocytic cell line (HL) HL60 DOX‐resistant cells with miR‐331–5p and miR‐27a, separately or in combination, resulted in the increased sensitivity of cells to DOX, suggesting that correction of altered expression of miRNAs may be used for therapeutic strategies to overcome leukaemia cell resistance. Importantly, miR‐331–5p and miR‐27a were also expressed at lower levels in a panel of relapse patients compared with primary patients at diagnosis, further illustrating that leukaemia relapse might be a consequence of deregulation of miR‐331–5p and miR‐27a.
The blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) is being developed into a model bivalve mollusc for assessing and monitoring marine pollution on the offshore seabed. However, the information on the response of ...blood clam to PAHs, an organic pollutant usually deposited in submarine sediment, remains limited. Herein, we employed multiple biomarkers, including histological changes, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and global DNA methylation, to investigate the effects of 10 and 100 μg/L Bap exposure on the blood clams under laboratory conditions, as well as the potential mechanisms. Acute Bap exposure can induce significant morphological abnormalities in gills as shown through hematoxylin-eosin (H.E) staining, providing an intuitive understanding on the effects of Bap on the structural organization of the blood clams. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress was significantly elevated as manifested by the increase of antioxidants activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content. The neurotoxicity was also strengthened by Bap toxicity manifested as inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities. In addition, the global DNA methylation level was investigated, and a significant DNA hypomethylation was observed in Bap exposed the blood clam. The correlation analysis showed that the global DNA methylation was negatively correlated with antioxidants (SOD, CAT and POD) activities, but positively correlated choline enzymes (AChE and ChAT) activities. These results collectively suggested that acute Bap exposure can cause damage in gills structures in the blood clam possibly by generating oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, and the global DNA methylation was inhibited to increase the transcriptional expression level of antioxidants genes and consequently elevate antioxidants activities against Bap toxicity. These results are hoped to shed some new light on the study of ecotoxicology effect of PAHs on marine bivalves.
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