The adsorption of methyl orange onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from aqueous solutions was studied, in which the influence of contact time, dosage, temperature, pH, and methyl orange ...concentration in the solution were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using three common adsorption models: Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm fit the experimental results well. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo-first and second-order models and the intra-particle diffusion model. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by pseudo-second-order model. Values of activation parameters such as Standard free energy changes (Δ
G
0), standard enthalpy change (Δ
H
0), and standard entropy change (Δ
S
0) were calculated using adsorption equilibrium constants obtained from the Langmuir isotherm at different temperatures. All Δ
G
0 values were negative; the (Δ
H
0) values and (Δ
S
0) values of MWCNTs were 19.39
kJ/mol and 0.1015
kJ/mol K, respectively, indicating that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic process in nature.
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by widespread cognitive impairments, such as executive functions. Most of the available research indicate that executive impairment has a certain genetic ...predisposition. Shared neuropathological characteristics of patients with SCZ and their siblings may reveal intermediate behavioral phenotypes that can be used to further characterize the illness.
Our study involved 32 SCZ patients, 32 unaffected siblings (US), and 33 persons as healthy controls (HCS). These three groups underwent a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and a battery of cognitive neuropsychological assessments. These tests also evaluate executive function and several cognitive domains.
The performed study on SCZ patients and their unaffected siblings showed an inferior WCST performance to the HCS subjects, further indicating that unaffected siblings have a functional impairment, and they also performed poorly on the neuropsychological assessment compared with the HCS.
This result supports the claim that the development of functional impairment is not limited to SCZ patients and unaffected siblings may also have a certain level of abnormal brain function. Consequently. neurological abnormalities lead to the abnormal functioning in siblings and patients, suggesting that genetics plays a considerable role in such results.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The effect of temperature on the equilibrium adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using carbon nanotubes was investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using two ...widely applied isotherms: Langmuir and Freundlich. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm fit the experimental results well. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo-first and second-order models and the intraparticle diffusion model. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics were more accurately represented by pseudo-second-order model. The activation energy of system (Ea) was calculated as 18.54
kJ/mol. Standard free energy changes (
Δ
G
0
), standard enthalpy change (
Δ
H
0
), and standard entropy change (
Δ
S
0
) were calculated using adsorption equilibrium constants obtained from the Langmuir isotherm at different temperatures. All
Δ
G
0
values were negative; the
Δ
H
0
values and
Δ
S
0
values of CNTs were 7.29
kJ/mol and 64.6
J/mol
K, respectively. Results suggested that the methylene blue adsorption on CNTs was a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Whole rice grain comprising endosperm, embryo (or germ), and bran has potential beneficial health effects in addition to provision of nutrients. The distribution of phenolic acids and anthocyanins in ...endosperm, embryo, and bran of white, red, and black rice grains was investigated in this study. The total phenolic content (TPC) was highest in the bran, averaging 7.35 mg GAE/g and contributing 60%, 86% and 84% of phenolics in white, red and black rice. The average TPC of the embryo and endosperm were 2.79 and 0.11 mg GAE/g accounting for 17% and 23%, 4% and 10% and 7% and 9% in white, red and black rice, respectively. The antioxidant capacity determined using DPPH and ORAC displayed a trend similar to TPC. Free/conjugated phenolic acids in white, red and black rice bran accounted for 41%, 65% and 85% of total acids. Bound phenolic acids in rice bran accounted for 90% of total acids in whole grain. Cis-p-coumaric was detected in bound form in bran while cis-sinapic acid was detected in the free/conjugated form in embryo and bran. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were identified mainly in black rice bran as the total anthocyanins. Cyanindin-3-O-rutinoside was also detected in black rice bran.
•White, red and black rice grain fractions differ in phenolic distribution.•Free/conjugated phenolic acids mainly exist in rice embryo.•Bound phenolic acids are high in white rice bran.•p-Coumaric acid is predominantly in bound form in rice embryo and bran.•Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside is identified in black rice bran.
Stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the association between triglyceride‑glucose (TyG) index and stroke among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Data was extracted ...from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study survey 2015 and survey 2018. Logistic regression, trend test and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess the association. Possible nonlinear relationships were explored with restricted cubic spline (RCS). Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to attenuate the effect of confounding factors. ORs of stroke was positively associated with TyG index. The ORs in RCS analysis also increased with the rising TyG, though p for non-linearity was bigger than 0.05. After PSM, the ORs in the full adjusted models were 1.28 (1.01, 1.62). TyG was suggested as an independent risk factor for stroke in the middle aged and elderly Chinese.
Unsupervised hyperspectral band selection has been an important topic in hyperspectral imagery. This technique aims at selecting some critical and decisive spectral bands from an original image for ...compact representation without compromising and distorting the raw information in the relevant spectral bands. Although many efforts have been made to this topic, the structural information has not yet been well exploited during band selection, and there are still several deficiencies in search strategies, leaving room for further improvement. This paper tackles the unsupervised hyperspectral band selection problem from a global perspective and proposes a novel method claiming the following main contributions: structure-aware measures for band informativeness and independence; and a graph formulation of band selection allowing for an efficient integrated search by means of dominant set extraction. Experiments on three real hyperspectral images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed band selector in comparison with benchmark methods.
Road traffic safety facilities (TSFs) are of significant importance in the management and maintenance of traffic safety. The complexity and variety of TSFs make it challenging to detect them ...manually, which renders the work unsustainable. To achieve the objective of automatic TSF detection, a target detection dataset, designated TSF-CQU (TSF data collected by Chongqing University), was constructed based on images collected by a car recorder. This dataset comprises six types of TSFs and 8410 instance samples. A detection transformer with an improved denoising anchor box (DINO) was selected to construct a model that would be suitable for this scenario. For comparison purposes, Faster R-CNN (Region Convolutional Neural Network) and Yolov7 (You Only Look Once version 7) were employed. The DINO model demonstrated the highest performance on the TSF-CQU dataset, with a mean average precision (
) of 82.2%. All of the average precision (
) values exceeded 0.8, except for streetlights (
= 0.77) and rods (
= 0.648). The DINO model exhibits minimal instances of erroneous recognition, which substantiates the efficacy of the contrastive denoising training approach. The DINO model rarely makes misjudgments, but a few missed detection.
In this work, we demonstrate a facile layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method for controllable preparation of single-, double-, and triple-shelled NiO hollow nanospheres by calcining Ni(OH) ...sub(2)/C precursors formed at different stage. It is observed that the external nanoflakes of the NiO hollow nanospheres are inherited from the Ni(OH) sub(2) precursors organized on the surface of carbon spheres via a self-assembly growth process and the inner shells result from the formation of different Ni(OH) sub(2) layers within the carbon spheres during different preparation cycles. Supercapacitive performance of the three types of NiO hollow nanospheres as active electrode materials has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The results indicate that double-shelled NiO hollow nanosphere sample with largest surface area (92.99 m super(2) g super(-1)) exhibits the best electrochemical properties among the three NiO hollow nanosphere samples. It delivers a high capacitance of 612.5 F g super(-1) at 0.5 A g super(-1) and demonstrates a superior long-term cyclic stability, with over 90% specific capacitance retention after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. This excellent performance is ascribed to the short diffusion path and large surface area of the unique hollow structure with nanoflake building blocks for bulk accessibility of faradaic reaction.
•Free and conjugated phenolics declined by about 50% 3weeks post-flowering in red rice.•White rice had low phenolic levels that were similar after 2weeks post-flowering.•Anthocyanin levels in black ...rice were highest at 2- and 3-weeks post-flowering.•Black rice had higher total bound phenolic acids than white & red rice at all stages.
This study investigated differences in total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and phenolic acids in free, conjugated and bound fractions of white (unpolished), red and black rice at 1-, 2-, and 3-weeks of grain development after flowering and at maturity. Unlike the TPC (mg/100g) of white rice (14.6–33.4) and red rice (66.8–422.2) which was significantly higher at 1-week than at later stages, the TPC of black rice (56.5–82.0) was highest at maturity. The antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH radical scavenging and ORAC methods generally followed a similar trend as TPC. Only black rice had detectable anthocyanins (26.5–174.7mg/100g). Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) were the main anthocyanins in black rice showing significantly higher levels at 2- and 3-weeks than at 1-week development and at maturity. At all stages, the phenolic acids existed mainly in the bound form as detected by HPLC and confirmed by LC–MS/MS. Black rice (20.1–31.7mg/100g) had higher total bound phenolic acids than white rice and red rice (7.0–11.8mg/100g). Protocatechuic acid was detected in red rice and black rice with relatively high levels at 1-week development (1.41mg/100g) and at maturity (4.48mg/100g), respectively. Vanillic acid (2.4–5.4mg/100g) was detected only in black rice where it peaked at maturity. p-Coumaric acid (<3.5mg/100g) did not differ significantly at most stages with somewhat high levels at 1-week for red and black rice. Ferulic acid (4.0–17.9mg/100g), the most abundant bound phenolic acid, had an inconsistent trend with higher levels being observed in black rice where it peaked at maturity. Isoferulic acid levels (0.8–1.6mg/100g) were generally low with slightly elevated values being observed at maturity. Overall black rice had higher total bound phenolic acids than white and red rice while white rice at all stages of development after flowering.
