Nitrate nitrogen (NO
3
−-N) from agricultural activities has become the main source of groundwater pollution. A spatial distribution pattern of groundwater NO
3
−-N pollution is vital for ...agricultural ecological and environmental management. The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential of artificial neural network to explore the spatial distribution of groundwater NO
3
−-N pollution in Shandong intensive farming regions of China. A detailed field campaign has been carried out to obtain the 216 sample site data focusing on the intensive farming regions in Shandong province. Considering the practical difficulty of the complex nonlinear relationship between multi-factors and groundwater nitrate, a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) was developed for modeling groundwater NO
3
−-N concentration. In order to perform the analysis, both natural and anthropogenic factors have been studied, such as soil characteristics, fertilizer usage and terrain factors and so on. Finally, soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content and nitrogen fertilizer data were chosen as input features of the BPNN for having the best correlation with groundwater NO
3
−-N concentration. The results indicated that areas with higher NO
3
−-N concentration in groundwater are mainly located in the region of excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and low groundwater runoff modulus. The application results suggested that the BPNN provide a promising approach for analyzing the spatial variability of the groundwater NO
3
−-N concentration.
Increasing bacterial infections and growing resistance to available drugs pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Although antibiotics are crucial in fighting bacterial infections, ...their excessive use not only weakens our immune system but also contributes to bacterial resistance. These negative effects have caused doctors to be troubled by the clinical application of antibiotics. Facing this challenge, it is urgent to explore a new antibacterial strategy. MXene has been extensively reported in tumor therapy and biosensors due to its wonderful performance. Due to its large specific surface area, remarkable chemical stability, hydrophilicity, wide interlayer spacing, and excellent adsorption and reduction ability, it has shown wonderful potential for biopharmaceutical applications. However, there are few antimicrobial evaluations on MXene. The current antimicrobial mechanisms of MXene mainly include physical damage, induced oxidative stress, and photothermal and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we reviewed MXene-based antimicrobial composites and discussed the application of MXene in bacterial infections to guide further research in the antimicrobial field.
The pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection-induced duodenal ulcer remains to be elucidated. Duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion is the most important protective factor against ...acid-induced mucosal injury. We previously revealed that H. pylori infection downregulated the expression and functional activity of duodenal mucosal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and solute linked carrier 26 gene family A6 (SLC26A6) which are the two key duodenal mucosal epithelial cellular bicarbonate transporters to mediate duodenal bicarbonate secretion. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of H. pylori infection-induced duodenal CFTR and SLC26A6 expression downregulation.
We found that H. pylori infection induced the increase of serum transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) level and duodenal mucosal TGFβ expression and the decrease of duodenal mucosal CFTR and SLC26A6 expressions in C57 BL/6 mice. The results from the experiments of human duodenal epithelial cells (SCBN) showed that H. pylori increased TGFβ production and decreased CFTR and SLC26A6 expressions in SCBN cells. TGFβ inhibitor SB431542 reversed the H. pylori-induced CFTR and SLC26A6 expression decreases. The further results showed that TGFβ directly decreased CFTR and SLC26A6 expressions in SCBN cells. TGFβ induced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reversed the TGFβ-induced CFTR and SLC26A6 expression decreases.
H. pylori infection downregulates duodenal epithelial cellular CFTR and SLC26A6 expressions through TGFβ-mediated P38 MAPK signaling pathway, which contributes to further elucidating the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated duodenal ulcer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Arabidopsis thaliana dgat1 mutant, AS11, has an oil content which is decreased by 30%, and a strongly increased ratio of 18:3/20:1, compared to wild type. Despite lacking a functional DGAT1, AS11 ...still manages to make 70% of WT seed oil levels. Recently, it was demonstrated that in the absence of DGAT1, PDAT1 was essential for normal seed development, and is a dominant determinant in Arabidopsis TAG biosynthesis.
Biochemical, metabolic and gene expression studies combined with genetic crossing of selected Arabidopsis mutants have been carried out to demonstrate the contribution of Arabidopsis PDAT1 and LPCAT2 in the absence of DGAT1 activity.
Through microarray and RT-PCR gene expression analyses of AS11 vs. WT mid-developing siliques, we observed consistent trends between the two methods. FAD2 and FAD3 were up-regulated and FAE1 down-regulated, consistent with the AS11 acyl phenotype. PDAT1 expression was up-regulated by ca 65% while PDAT2 expression was up-regulated only 15%, reinforcing the dominant role of PDAT1 in AS11 TAG biosynthesis. The expression of LPCAT2 was up-regulated by 50-75%, while LPCAT1 expression was not significantly affected. In vitro LPCAT activity was enhanced by 75-125% in microsomal protein preparations from mid-developing AS11 seed vs WT. Co-incident homozygous knockout lines of dgat1/lpcat2 exhibited severe penalties on TAG biosynthesis, delayed plant development and seed set, even with a functional PDAT1; the double mutant dgat1/lpcat1 showed only marginally lower oil content than AS11.
Collectively, the data strongly support that in AS11 it is LPCAT2 up-regulation which is primarily responsible for assisting in PDAT1-catalyzed TAG biosynthesis, maintaining a supply of PC as co-substrate to transfer sn-2 moieties to the sn-3 position of the enlarged AS11 DAG pool.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Goose astroviruses (GoAstV) cause fatal gout and decrease product performance in the waterfowl industry across the world. Since no effective vaccines are available, studies on the epidemiology of the ...virus are necessary for vaccine development. In this study, we collected 94 gout samples from goose farms in the Guangdong Province of South China. Among them, 87 samples (92.6%) tested positive for GoAstV, out of which five GoAstV strains were isolated after four generations of blind transmission through healthy 13-day-old goose embryos. The whole genome of the isolates was sequenced and further analyzed by comparing the sequences with published sequences from China and other parts of the world. The results of the alignment analysis showed that nucleotide sequence similarities among the five GoAstV isolates were around 97.4-98.8%, 98.6-100%, 98.1-99.8%, and 96.7-100% for the whole genome, ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2, respectively. These results showed that the GoAstV isolates were highly similar to each other, although they were prevalent in five different regions of the Guangdong Province. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the whole genome, along with the ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2 genes of the isolates, were clustered on a single branch, along with the recently published GoAstV-2, and were very distinct from the DNA sequences of the GoAstV-1 virus. In this study, we also reproduced the clinical symptoms of natural infection using the GoAstV-GD2101 isolates, confirming that the gout-causing pathogen in goslings was the goose astrovirus. These findings provided new insights into the pathogenicity and genetic evolution of GoAstV and laid the foundation for effectively controlling the disease.
...the evidence about the applicability and predictive performance of the R2-ISS in the real world was limited. ...this study aimed to determine whether R2-ISS was valid for patients with MM ...undergoing real-world treatment patterns in China. Compared to these patients in R2-ISS I, there were significantly higher risks of death of patients in R2-ISS III (hazard ratio HR: 5.07, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 2.33–11.03; P <0.001) and of R2-ISS IV group (HR: 9.67, 95% CI: 4.22–22.14; P <0.001). ...several multicenter studies, including patients among diverse regions, should be conducted to further assess the most appropriate weighted score of 1q21+ in the future. ...fewer than 50% of patients with MM in our study had received ASCT, thus limiting the extrapolation of our results to
Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen limitation, which mainly mediates pathological processes in the human body and participates in the regulation of normal physiological processes. In the hypoxic ...environment, the main regulator of human body homeostasis is the hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF). HIF can regulate the expression of many hypoxia-induced genes and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Ion-transporting proteins are extremely important types of proteins. Ion-transporting proteins are distributed on cell membranes or organelles and strictly control the inflow or outflow of ions in cells or organelles. Changes in ions in cells are often closely related to extensive physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Numerous studies have confirmed that hypoxia and its regulatory factors can regulate the transcription and expression of ion-transporting protein-related genes. Under hypoxic stress, the regulation and interaction of ion-transporting proteins by hypoxia often leads to diseases of various human systems and even tumors. Using ion-transporting proteins and hypoxia as targets to explore the mechanism of digestive system diseases and targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough point.
Ethyl cellulose was grafted with ionic liquids in optimal yields (62.5-64.1%) and grafting degrees (5.93-7.90%) by the esterification of the hydroxyl groups in ethyl cellulose with the carboxyl ...groups in ionic liquids. In IR spectra of the ethyl cellulose derivatives exhibited C=O bond stretching vibration peaks at 1760 or 1740 cm
, confirming the formation of the ester groups and furnishing the evidence of the successful grafting of ethyl cellulose with ionic liquids. The ethyl cellulose grafted with ionic liquids could be formed into membranes by using the casting solution method. The resulting membranes exhibited good membrane forming ability and mechanical properties. The EC grafted with ionic liquids-based membranes demonstrated
CO
/
CH
separation factors of up to 18.8, whereas the
CO
/
CH
separation factor of 9.0 was obtained for pure EC membrane (both for CO
/CH
mixture gas). The membranes also demonstrated an excellent gas permeability coefficient
CO
, up to 199 Barrer, which was higher than pure EC (
CO
= 46.8 Barrer). Therefore, it can be concluded that the ionic liquids with imidazole groups are immensely useful for improving the gas separation performances of EC membranes.
Salt stress limits plant growth and development. In this study, changes in membrane lipids were investigated in leaves of sorghum seedlings subjected to salt stress (150 mmol L−1 NaCl). Galactolipids ...(DGDG and MGDG) accounted for more than 65% of the total glycerolipids in sorghum leaves. The predominance of C36 molecular species in MGDG suggested that sorghum is an 18:3 plant. Under NaCl treatment, the content of major phospholipids (PC and PE) increased, accompanied by the activation of their metabolism pathways at the transcriptional level. In contrast, the proportion of MGDG and PG dropped drastically, leading to a decreased ratio of plastidic to non-plastidic lipids. An adjustment of glycerolipid pathway between the cytosolic and plastidic compartments was triggered by salt stress, as reflected by the increased conversion of PC to PA, providing precursors for galactolipid synthesis. The elevated DGDG resulted in increased DGDG/MGDG and bilayer/non-bilayer lipid ratios. The double-bond index of PC, PE, and DGDG increased markedly, evidently owing to the increased expression of FAD3 and FAD8. These findings will be helpful for understanding dynamic membrane lipid changes and adaptive lipid remodeling in sorghum response to salt stress.
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