Thymic adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare thymic carcinoma. The exact genetic alteration associated with thymic adenocarcinoma is unclear. Here, we report a case of thymic adenocarcinoma accompanied ...by type A thymoma and pulmonary minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA).
A 53-year-old woman presented with multiple nodules in the mediastinum and lung. Thoracic computed tomography revealed nodules in the anterior superior mediastinum and anterior mediastinum near the right pericardium and ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the right superior lobe of the lung.
The tumor in the anterior superior mediastinum was diagnosed as primary thymic papillary adenocarcinoma. The tumor in the anterior mediastinum near the right pericardium was diagnosed as type A thymoma. The GGO of the right superior lobe of the lung was diagnosed as a MIA.
The patient underwent thoracoscopic mediastinal tumor resection and partial lobectomy in our hospital.
The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient is alive and free of the disease for 22 months after diagnosis.
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) was positive in this case of thymic adenocarcinoma, which indicated that a thymic adenocarcinoma with TTF-1-positive may not necessarily be a metastasis of lung or thyroid adenocarcinoma. The positive staining of CD5 and CD117 can help us to confirm the thymic origin. Molecular genetic analysis indicated that these tumors harbored different mutations. The thymic adenocarcinoma and type A thymoma both had the mutation of KMT2A, but the mutation sites were different. KMT2A mutation may be a common genetic change in thymic tumorigenesis. The genetic alterations disclosed in this study will help expand the understanding of thymic tumors.
AbstractNumerous long-span cable-supported bridges have been built throughout the world in recent years. These bridges begin to deteriorate once built and continuously accumulate damage during their ...long service life. The growing popularity of comprehensive structural health monitoring systems (SHMSs) in recently built long-span bridges has started a new trend of integrating SHMS and damage detection technology for real-time condition assessment of these bridges. This paper explores a novel damage detection technique based on stress influence lines (SILs) of bridge components and validates the efficacy of the technique through a case study of the Tsing Ma suspension bridge. A mathematical regularization method is first introduced to identify SILs based on the in situ measurement of train information and train-induced stress responses in local bridge components. Good agreement between the identified and baseline SILs demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. Damage indexes based on SILs are subsequently proposed and applied to hypothetical damage scenarios in which one or two critical bridge components are subjected to severe damage. The comparison suggests that the first-order difference of SIL change is an accurate indicator of the damage location. Results of this study indicate that the proposed SIL-based method offers a promising real-time technique for damage localization in long-span cable-supported bridges equipped with comprehensive SHMSs.
Highlights • This study may provide paramount evidence for surgeons to make treatment plan of OSCC. • All the included studies are RCTS. • This study’s sample size is probably the largest by now.
Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ1-42) have been found to be associated with the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia. Currently, methods for detecting Aβ1-42 are complicated and expensive. The ...present study is aimed at developing an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) to detect Aβ1-42 by using a polyclonal antibody from alpaca, an application used in urine samples. The serum was collected from the alpaca after immunizing it with Aβ1-42 at 500 μg/injection 5 times. The ic-ELISA was developed and showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 103.20 ng/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.39 ng/100 μl. The cross-reactivity was tested with Aβ1-40 and 8 synthesized peptides that had sequence similarities to parts of Aβ1-42. The cross-reactivity of Aβ1-40 and peptide 1 (DAEFRHDSGYE) was 55% and 69.4%, respectively. The ic-ELISA was applied to analyze Aβ1-42 in the urine and precipitated protein urine samples. This method can be used for detecting a normal level of total soluble Aβ (approximately 1 ng in 5 mg of precipitated urine protein) and can be used for detecting the early stages of AD. It is considered to be an easy and inexpensive method for monitoring and diagnosing AD.
Stretchable organic optoelectronic devices have been developed rapidly in the last few years due to their great potential in wearable electronics. Although high performance is obtained, ...high‐throughput manufacturing of these devices is still a challenge for their commercial application. Here, a roller‐assisted adhesion imprinting (RAI) technique is developed to overcome this challenge by rapid production of ordered and large‐area wrinkled structures on organic optoelectronic devices to enable their stretchability. Different from the conventional imprinting technology requiring heating or ultraviolet treatment, adhesion force is employed innovatively in the RAI process to form microstructures within the imprinted materials. As a demonstration, a stretchable wrinkled structure with its length of more than 10 cm is rapidly fabricated and larger area is available by continuous imprinting. Stretchable organic light‐emitting devices (SOLEDs) are easily manufactured by the RAI process. The SOLEDs can be elongated to 100% strain and keep working with 5% current efficiency variation after 35 000 cycles of stretching with 20% tensile strain. This is the best mechanical stability of SOLEDs reported to date. The development of the high‐throughput, large‐area, and cost‐effective RAI technique provides potential roll‐to‐roll continuous production of stretchable electronics.
A roller‐assisted adhesion imprinting technique is developed toward high‐throughput and large‐area manufacturing of stretchable organic light‐emitting devices (SOLEDs). The SOLEDs can be elongated to 100% strain and keep working with 5% current efficiency variation after 35 000 cycles of stretching with 20% tensile strains. This is the best mechanical stability of SOLEDs reported to date.
Objective
Do real-time strategy (RTS) video gamers have better attentional control? To examine this issue, we tested experienced versus inexperienced RTS video gamers on multi-object tracking tasks ...(MOT) and dual-MOT tasks with visual or auditory secondary tasks (dMOT). We employed a street-crossing task with a visual working memory task as a secondary task in a virtual reality (VR) environment to examine any generalized attentional advantage.
Background
Similar to action video games, RTS video games require players to switch attention between multiple visual objects and views. However, whether the attentional control advantage is limited by sensory modalities or generalizes to real-life tasks remains unclear.
Method
In study 1, 25 RTS video game players (SVGP) and 25 non-video game players (NVGP) completed the MOT task and two dMOT tasks. In study 2, a different sample with 25 SVGP and 25 NVGP completed a simulated street-crossing task with the visual dual task in a VR environment.
Results
After controlling the effects of the speed-accuracy trade-off, SVGP showed better performance than NVGP in the MOT task and the visual dMOT task, but SVGP did not perform better in either the auditory dMOT task or the street-crossing task.
Conclusion
RTS video gamers had better attentional control in visual computer tasks, but not in the auditory tasks and the VR tasks. Attentional control benefits associated with RTS video game experience may be limited by sensory modalities, and may not translate to performance benefits in real-life tasks.
Unlike classical covalent polymers, one-dimensionally (1D) elongated supramolecular polymers (SPs) can be encoded with high degrees of internal order by the cooperative aggregation of molecular ...subunits, which endows these SPs with extraordinary properties and functions. However, this internal order has not yet been exploited to generate and dynamically control well-defined higher-order (secondary) conformations of the SP backbone, which may induce functionality that is comparable to protein folding/unfolding. Herein, we report light-induced conformational changes of SPs based on the 1D exotic stacking of hydrogen-bonded azobenzene hexamers. The stacking causes a unique internal order that leads to spontaneous curvature, which allows accessing conformations that range from randomly folded to helically folded coils. The reversible photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety destroys or recovers the curvature of the main chain, which demonstrates external control over the SP conformation that may ultimately lead to biological functions.
The photocatalytic degradation of toxic water pollutants (dyes, antibiotics, microorganisms, etc.) have attracted much attention, but the lack of catalysts with strong visible light absorption and ...long carrier life have limited the sustainable development of clean water worldwide. In order to solve this problem, the one-pot hydrothermal method was employed to fabricate Fe7S8@MoS2–O conduct-semiconductor-type catalyst for the first time. Fe7S8@MoS2–O appears as a core-shell structure. Malachite green (MG) and Levofloxacin (LVX) could be efficiently decomposed by Fe7S8@MoS2–O (75.7% and 81.3%, respectively) within 80 min and be further increased to 97.5% and 92.7% with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The high disinfection performance for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are also obtained within 30 min (2.11 × 107 cfu/mL of S. aureus and 2.96 × 105 cfu/mL of E. coli inactivation). As a remarkable co-catalyst, the oxygen incorporated MoS2 (MoS2–O) was introduced into Fe7S8 to construct conductor-semiconductor-type heterojunction, which not only greatly facilitates Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle to yield a large number of active radicals but also builds a internal electric field (E-field) to accelerate charge carrier transport. The band structures of Fe7S8 and MoS2 is conducted to elucidate the electronic structures of the photocatalyst according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This study provides a strategy to design the efficient photocatalyst for environmental remediation.
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•Fe7S8@MoS2–O has been fabricated by one-pot hydrothermal method.•This catalyst exhibits core-shell structure and facilitates charge separation.•An internal E-field is constructed between Fe7S8 conductor and MoS2–O semiconductor.•Pollutants were efficiently removed (97.5% for MG and 92.7% for LVX).•High disinfection performance for S. aureus and E. coli are obtained.
Genetic variation has an important role in the development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, genetic factors for lung cancer have not been fully identified, especially in Chinese ...populations, which limits the use of existing polygenic risk scores (PRS) to identify subpopulations at high risk of lung cancer for prevention. We therefore aimed to identify novel loci associated with NSCLC risk, and generate a PRS and evaluate its utility and effectiveness in the prediction of lung cancer risk in Chinese populations.
To systematically identify genetic variants for NSCLC risk, we newly genotyped 19 546 samples from Chinese NSCLC cases and controls from the Nanjing Medical University Global Screening Array Project and did a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of 27 120 individuals with NSCLC and 27 355 without NSCLC (13 327 cases and 13 328 controls of Chinese descent as well as 13 793 cases and 14 027 controls of European descent). We then built a PRS for Chinese populations from all reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms that have been reported to be associated with lung cancer risk at genome-wide significance level. We evaluated the utility and effectiveness of the generated PRS in predicting subpopulations at high-risk of lung cancer in an independent prospective cohort of 95 408 individuals from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) with more than 10 years' follow-up.
We identified 19 susceptibility loci to be significantly associated with NSCLC risk at p≤5·0 × 10
, including six novel loci. When applied to the CKB cohort, the PRS of the risk loci successfully predicted lung cancer incident cases in a dose-response manner in participants at a high genetic risk (top 10%) than those at a low genetic risk (bottom 10%; adjusted hazard ratio 1·96, 95% CI 1·53-2·51; p
=2·02 × 10
). Specially, we observed consistently separated curves of lung cancer events in individuals at low, intermediate, and high genetic risk, respectively, and PRS was an independent effective risk stratification indicator beyond age and smoking pack-years.
We have shown for the first time that GWAS-derived PRS can be effectively used in discriminating subpopulations at high risk of lung cancer, who might benefit from a practically feasible PRS-based lung cancer screening programme for precision prevention in Chinese populations.
National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Priority Academic Program for the Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, National Key R&D Program of China, Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu, and China's Thousand Talents Program.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays a vital role in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and is closely associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. Integrin αvβ3, a member of the ...integrin family, has been reported to be overexpressed in cancer tissues and mediate the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. However, the relationship between IL-8 and integrin αvβ3 in HCC and the underlying mechanism of IL-8 and integrin αvβ3 in the invasion of HCC remains unclear.
The expression of IL-8, integrin αv and integrin β3 in HCC cells and tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Transwell assay and Western blot was used to detect the invasiveness, the expression of integrin β3 and the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway of HCC cells pretreated with IL-8 knockdown or exogenous IL-8.
IL-8, integrin αv and integrin β3 were overexpressed in highly metastatic HCC cell lines compared with low metastatic cell lines. There was a positive correlation between integrin β3 and IL-8 expression in HCC tissues. IL-8 siRNA transfection reduced HCC cell invasion and the levels of integrin β3, p-PI3K and p-Akt. IL-8 induced HCC cell invasion and integrin β3 expression was significantly inhibited by transfection with CXCR1 siRNA or CXCR2 siRNA. When we stimulated HCC cells with exogenous IL-8, cell invasion and the levels of integrin β3, p-PI3K, and p-Akt increased, which could be effectively reversed by adding PI3K inhibitor LY294002.
Our results suggest that IL-8 promotes integrin β3 upregulation and the invasion of HCC cells through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. The IL-8/CXCR1/CXCR2/PI3K/Akt/integrin β3 axis may serve as a potential treatment target for patients with HCC.
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